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Laboratory Method To Estimate Rain-Induced Splitting In Cultivated Blueberries, Kenneth Curry
Laboratory Method To Estimate Rain-Induced Splitting In Cultivated Blueberries, Kenneth Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
Preharvest rainfall that occurs when fruit are fully ripe or approaching full ripeness can result in detrimental fruit splitting in rabbiteve and southern highbush blueberries. This study was initiated to develop a laboratory method to model rain-related incidence of splitting in cultivated blueberries with the goal of predicting the incidence of splitting in blueberry cultivars and selections. Multiyear field surveys of rabbiteye and southern highbush cultivars show that the incidence of rain-related splitting is strongly cultiva-dependent. Laboratory values for forced splitting and naturally occurring rain-related field splitting data show a strong correlation indicating that the incidence of fruit splitting can …
Effect Of Cercosporella Rubi On Blackberry Floral Bud Development, Kenneth Curry
Effect Of Cercosporella Rubi On Blackberry Floral Bud Development, Kenneth Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
Rosette, caused by the fungus Cercosporella rubi, is an important blackberry disease in the southeastern United States. This disease severely reduces fruit production, and its management has been erratic due to a limited understanding of the host-pathogen relationship. In this study, we expand on previous histological investigations of the development of C. rubi on blackberry at tissue and cellular levels from floral bud initiation through senescence of the flower. Symptomatic and asymptomatic floral buds were examined with light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Fungal development on the surface of floral buds was …
Osmophore Development In Stanhopea Anfracta And S. Pulla (Orchidaceae), Kenneth Curry
Osmophore Development In Stanhopea Anfracta And S. Pulla (Orchidaceae), Kenneth Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
The developmental anatomy and morphology of the floral scent glands (osmophores) were examined daily from the late bud stage to post-anthesis, for 2 species which are considered to be at opposite poles in the evolutionary development of the genus. The osmophore of S. anfracta was studied using morphometric techniques to estimate volume density of selected cellular inclusions, whereas the osmophore of S. pulla was examined qualitatively. The volume density of starch/amyloplast in S. anfracta remained relatively constant throughout most of the two-day flowering period as did the degree of cell vacuolation. The flower of S. pulla lasts only one day, …
Direct Visualization Of Clay Microfabric Signatures Driving Organic Matter Preservation In Fine-Grained Sediment, Kenneth Curry
Direct Visualization Of Clay Microfabric Signatures Driving Organic Matter Preservation In Fine-Grained Sediment, Kenneth Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
We employed direct visualization of organic matter (OM) sequestered by microfabric signatures in organo-clay systems to study mechanisms of OM protection. We studied polysaccharides, an abundant class of OM in marine sediments, associated with the nano- and microfabric of clay sediment using a novel application of transmission electron microscopy, histochemical staining (periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate), and enzymatic digestion techniques. We used two experimental organo-clay sediment environments. First, laboratory-consolidated sediment with 10% chitin (w/w) added was probed for chitin before and after digestion with chitinase. Second, fecal pellets from the polychaete Heteromastus filiformis were used as a natural environment rich in clay …
Improved Microassays Used To Test Natural Product-Based And Conventional Fungicides On Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Kenneth Curry
Improved Microassays Used To Test Natural Product-Based And Conventional Fungicides On Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Kenneth Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
Interpretive Summary: New effective fungicides are needed to control fungal pathogens that have developed resistance to currently used fungicides or to replace fungicides that have lost their registration for use on certain crops. Natural products are one source of these new fungicides. Prospective new fungicides are screened in vitro to identify products which inhibit germination of fungal conidia or prevent normal growth of fungal hyphae. In this paper we established standard conditions that improved the in vitro micro titer assays used in the initial screening of natural products as potential fungicides. The simple step of washing fungal spores prior to …
Clay Fabric And Mass Physical Properties Of Surficial Marine Sediment Near The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Andrew Head, Richard H. Bennett, Jessica R. Douglas, Kenneth J. Curry
Clay Fabric And Mass Physical Properties Of Surficial Marine Sediment Near The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Andrew Head, Richard H. Bennett, Jessica R. Douglas, Kenneth J. Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
Surficial sediment was obtained on the RV Cape Hatteras Cruise (2010) from the seafloor at a water depth of 1570 meters located at latitude 28°44'20.16"N and longitude 88°20'24.96"W in close proximity to the Deepwater Horizon well, Gulf of Mexico. Preliminary clay nano- and microfabric observation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) depicted a sediment rich in clays and organic matter (OM) especially in the upper 2 cm subbottom. Initial analysis of TEM micrographs depicted a high porosity clay sediment. Initial study of the mass physical properties revealed water content ωt = 67.32 – 67.28% (percent total mass), porosity n= 84.1 …
Kant On Teleology, Georgia Rae Rainer, Kenneth J. Curry
Kant On Teleology, Georgia Rae Rainer, Kenneth J. Curry
Kenneth J. Curry
Immanuel Kant was born (1724) into a society that largely embraced a mechanical universe in which matter theory rested on material properties of size, shape, solidity, and motion. But the development of organisms from undifferentiated matter could not be explained by the properties of matter alone. The ontogeny of organisms appeared to have a goal toward which matter was organized, and the parts of organisms seemed in so many instances to play both cause and effect of each other. Kant argued that human artefacts were explained in part by the intention of the designer and in part by the mechanics …
Science: World Under Construction, Georgia Rae Rainer
Science: World Under Construction, Georgia Rae Rainer
Kenneth J. Curry
Society naively accepts the position of scientific realism, which grants that science has an epistemic advantage in providing true theories about a mind-independent natural world. For realists, there is no distinction made between observable and unobservable entities in that both have the same ontological status that aid in the discovery of facts about the natural world. The opposing position, scientific anti-realism, traditionally denies the existence of a mind independent world and claims that the explanatory value of scientific theories is based not on truth or correlation to the perceived world, but rather how well the theory works within the paradigm …
Hierarchical Modeling: Biogeochemical Processes And Mechanisms That Drives Clay Nano- And Microfabric Development, Kenneth J. Curry, Richard H. Bennett, Paula J. Smithka, Matthew H. Hulbert
Hierarchical Modeling: Biogeochemical Processes And Mechanisms That Drives Clay Nano- And Microfabric Development, Kenneth J. Curry, Richard H. Bennett, Paula J. Smithka, Matthew H. Hulbert
Kenneth J. Curry
Conceptual scientific models of clay and clay fabric development can be constructed profitably by considering chemical and physical systems in terms of an ordered hierarchy. We develop here a hierarchical model of early stages of marine sediment development identifying processes and focusing on mechanisms. While the focus of our model is on mechanisms, the physical aspects of the hierarchy are cast in terms of the scale of structure in which the mechanisms occur. Our primary scale of interest is the nanometer (nanofabric) level of organization of sediment fabric. This level is nested below the micrometer (microfabric) level that includes aggregates …