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The Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning The Therapeutic Properties Of Oleanolic Acid, Its Isomer And Derivatives For Type 2 Diabetes And Associated Complications, Danielle Camer, Yinghua Yu, Alexander Szabo, Xu-Feng Huang
The Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning The Therapeutic Properties Of Oleanolic Acid, Its Isomer And Derivatives For Type 2 Diabetes And Associated Complications, Danielle Camer, Yinghua Yu, Alexander Szabo, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Recent research has uncovered the molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic properties of oleanolic acid (OA), its isomer ursolic acid (UA), and derivatives. In particular, recent reports have highlighted the benefits of these compounds in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated life-threatening complications, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and atherosclerosis. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is of major concern since it is reaching global epidemic levels. Treatments targeting the signaling pathways altered in type 2 diabetes are being actively investigated, and OA and UA in natural and derivative forms are potential candidates …
The Common Acid Sphingomyelinase Polymorphism P.G508r Is Associated With Self-Reported Allergy, Martin Reichel, Tanja Richter-Schmidinger, Christiane Muhle, Cosima Rhein, Panagiotis Alexopoulos, Sibylle G. Schwab, Erich Gulbins, Johannes Kornhuber
The Common Acid Sphingomyelinase Polymorphism P.G508r Is Associated With Self-Reported Allergy, Martin Reichel, Tanja Richter-Schmidinger, Christiane Muhle, Cosima Rhein, Panagiotis Alexopoulos, Sibylle G. Schwab, Erich Gulbins, Johannes Kornhuber
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Background: Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key regulator of ceramide-dependent signalling pathways. Among others, activation of ASM can be induced by CD95 or cytokine signalling and by cellular stress resulting from inflammation or infection. Increased ASM activity was observed in a variety of human diseases including inflammatory and neuropsychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that basal ASM activity might influence the susceptibility for common human diseases. Methods: The general health condition of 100 young people was assessed using a questionnaire. The ASM polymorphism rs1050239 (c.1522G>A; encoding p.G508R) was determined from genomic DNA. Activities of secretory (S-) and lysosomal (L-) ASM were …
Effects Of Olanzapine On The Elevation Of Macrophage Infiltration And Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression In Female Rats, Qingsheng Zhang, Meng He, Chao Deng, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Effects Of Olanzapine On The Elevation Of Macrophage Infiltration And Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression In Female Rats, Qingsheng Zhang, Meng He, Chao Deng, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
The metabolic side-effects of olanzapine have undermined drug compliance and increased concern for this otherwise-effective treatment for schizophrenia. As obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with low-grade inflammation, and olanzapine-induced weight gain has three typical stages, the current study investigated the inflammatory effects of olanzapine in three treatment stages. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with olanzapine (1 mg/kg three times daily) or vehicle for one week, two weeks, and five weeks. Olanzapine significantly increased body weight and white visceral fat deposition in all three treatment stages compared to control. Olanzapine enhanced average adipocyte size and level of macrophage …