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Effects Of Normal Stress On Water Flow Through A Single Roughwalled Rock Joint, Z Zhang, B Indraratna, C Kumara, Jan Anton Nemcik, W Gale
Effects Of Normal Stress On Water Flow Through A Single Roughwalled Rock Joint, Z Zhang, B Indraratna, C Kumara, Jan Anton Nemcik, W Gale
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Water ingress to underground openings is one of the major concerns in mining and tunnelling, because, rock joints provide natural seepage paths for groundwater flow. To study the water flow through deformable rock joints, triaxial tests with water flow were conducted under various confining stress levels (0.7-5.0 MPa). Two tests were performed on fully mated fracture specimens, and three tests were performed on a non-mated specimen where the fractured surfaces were displaced by 2.0 mm at the start of the test. The results show that the volumetric flow rate decreases with the increase in the normal stress, but the decreasing …
Analysis Of Jet Characteristics And Structural Optimization Of A Liquamatic Fire Water Monitor With Self-Swinging Mechanism, Guoliang Hu, Ming Long, Juxing Liang, Weihua Li
Analysis Of Jet Characteristics And Structural Optimization Of A Liquamatic Fire Water Monitor With Self-Swinging Mechanism, Guoliang Hu, Ming Long, Juxing Liang, Weihua Li
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper presents analysis and optimization of a liquamatic fire water monitor with a novel self-swinging mechanism. The design of the self-swinging mechanism has adopted a four-bar linkage driven by an impeller. The Fluent software was used to simulate the internal flow performance of the fire water monitor. In particular, the effects of the cross-sectional shape, diameters of the monitor body, inlet water pressure, and drive set of the self-swinging mechanism on the jet characteristics were analyzed. These analyses have led to optimal structural parameters of the flow channel. A prototype of the fire ware monitor was manufactured, and the …
Evolutionary Algorithm For Water Storage Forecasting Response To Climate Change With Small Data Sets: The Wolonghu Wetland, China, Qingwei Ni, Li Wang, Binghui Zheng, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Evolutionary Algorithm For Water Storage Forecasting Response To Climate Change With Small Data Sets: The Wolonghu Wetland, China, Qingwei Ni, Li Wang, Binghui Zheng, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
"A novel genetic programming (GP) technique, a new method of evolutionary algorithms, was applied to a small data set to predict the water storage of Wolonghu wetland in response to the climate change in the northeastern part of China. Fourteen years (1993-2006) of annual water storage and climatic data of the wetland were used for model training and testing. Results of simulations and predictions illustrate a good fit between calculated water storage and observed values (mean absolute percent error = 9.47, r = 0.99). By comparison, a multilayer perceptron method (a popular artificial neural network model) and Grey theory model …
N-Nitrosamine Removal By Reverse Osmosis For Indirect Potable Water Reuse – A Critical Review Based On Observations From Laboratory, Pilot And Full-Scale Studies, Takahiro Fujioka, Stuart J. Khan, Yvan Poussade, Jorg E. Drewes, Long D. Nghiem
N-Nitrosamine Removal By Reverse Osmosis For Indirect Potable Water Reuse – A Critical Review Based On Observations From Laboratory, Pilot And Full-Scale Studies, Takahiro Fujioka, Stuart J. Khan, Yvan Poussade, Jorg E. Drewes, Long D. Nghiem
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and several other N-nitrosamines have been identified as probable human carcinogens. Here, we review key aspects related to the occurrence and removal of N-nitrosamines by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the context of indirect potable water reuse. A comprehensive analysis of the existing data reveals significant variations in the rejection of NDMA by RO membranes reported in the literature, ranging from negligible up to 86%. This review article provides some insight into the reasons for such variations by examining the available data on the effects of operating conditions on NDMA rejection. Amongst several operating parameters investigated so far …
Analysis Of N-Nitrosamines In Water By Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry, James A. Mcdonald, Nick B. Harden, Long Nghiem, Stuart J. Khan
Analysis Of N-Nitrosamines In Water By Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry, James A. Mcdonald, Nick B. Harden, Long Nghiem, Stuart J. Khan
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
A method has been developed for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in drinking water and treated municipal effluent. The method uses solid phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography (GC) and analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) with electron ionization (EI). The target compounds are N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethyethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBuA), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMorph). The use of direct isotope analogues for isotope dilution analysis of all analytes ensures accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may occur during sample processing, extraction and …
Simulation Of Water And Contaminant Transport Through Vadose Zone - Redistribution System, Thidarat Bunsri, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Simulation Of Water And Contaminant Transport Through Vadose Zone - Redistribution System, Thidarat Bunsri, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Movement of water in vadose zone, mainly focusing on infiltration and percolation that involves percolation of water under gravity from soil surface and redistribution which is the capillary rise of water movement upwards, is presented. In the global hydrologic cycle, 76% of the precipitating water enters the soil via percolation-infiltration, which leads to the downward movement of water (L’vovich 1974). The water used by natural processes, can move downwards due to infiltration and lift from groundwater table during natural redistribution process. The forecasting of water movement in unsaturated infiltration redistribution system is linked between soil hydraulic properties and hydrologic condition …
Design Of Water Holding Bulkheads For Coal Mines, Verne Mutton, Alexander Remennikov
Design Of Water Holding Bulkheads For Coal Mines, Verne Mutton, Alexander Remennikov
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Water control has been and remains a fundamentally important aspect of underground coal mine design and operation worldwide. Mining in the vicinity of large bodies of water, below a worked out coal seam or under confined aquifer or abandoned water logged workings is always fraught with the possibility of the danger of inundation. Inrush control is now part the Fatal Hazard Protocols which is a risk based process in all operations. In modern Australian underground coal mines, in which panel layouts have been extended and production rates are approaching 10 Mtpa, there is much focus on the control of water …
Development Of A Water-Mist Based Venturi System For Dust Control From Maingate Chocks And Bsl, Ting Ren, Graeme Cooper, Srinivasa Yarlagadda
Development Of A Water-Mist Based Venturi System For Dust Control From Maingate Chocks And Bsl, Ting Ren, Graeme Cooper, Srinivasa Yarlagadda
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Advances in modern longwall (LW) technology have resulted in high production faces with more powerful chocks and shearers that can advance at faster rates. As longwall chocks (supports) advance, crushed roof coal and/or rock can fall from the top of the chock canopy into the face ventilation airflow. Dust survey showed that chock movement is a significant source of dust exposure for shearer operators, accounting for about 47% of total LW face dust make during the cutting cycle. 3D CFD models have been developed to understand the behaviour of longwall dust particles from various sources including maingate (MG) chocks and …
Novel Spp Water Management Strategy And Its Applications, Shu-Qing Yang, Bo-Qiang Qin, Pengzhi Lin
Novel Spp Water Management Strategy And Its Applications, Shu-Qing Yang, Bo-Qiang Qin, Pengzhi Lin
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Clean freshwater is the most precious resource in the world and the development of water resources has had a very long history, as early as humans changed from being hunters and food collectors to modern civilization. At very early stage, people had to rely on creeks, rivers and lakes for their water demand that was relatively small, and today humans have accumulated the knowledge and techniques for water storage, building artificial lakes or reservoirs to meet their huge water demand due to industrialization and urbanization. The Wworld’s earliest large dam was the Sadd-el-kafara Dam built in Egypt between 2950 and …
Mechanical Model Of A Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Conversion Device, Brad Stappenbelt, Paul Cooper
Mechanical Model Of A Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Conversion Device, Brad Stappenbelt, Paul Cooper
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The study of floating oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion (WEC) device performance includes analysis of the dynamic coupling of the water column and the floating structure. In the present investigation, a mechanical oscillator model was proposed in order to examine this relationship for the heave motion of a floating wave energy conversion device. Characterisation of the dynamic system optimal behaviour was performed by examining the effect of relative OWC and floating structure natural frequencies, the phase relationships of the various system components and the optimal power take-off damping of the system. It was determined that separation of the …
Performance Enhancement Of A Complex Chilled Water System Using A Check Valve: Experimental Validation, Shengwei Wang, Zhenjun Ma, Dian-Ce Gao
Performance Enhancement Of A Complex Chilled Water System Using A Check Valve: Experimental Validation, Shengwei Wang, Zhenjun Ma, Dian-Ce Gao
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The large primary–secondary chilled water systems often suffer from the excess flow demand and low chilled water temperature difference, which is known as the low ΔT central plant syndrome, during operation. This paper presents an approach for experimental validation of the possible utility of a check valve (i.e., putting a one-direction check valve in the chilled water by-pass line) to solve this operational problem and enhance the overall system performance, prior to a check valve is really installed. The experimental tests were carried out on the complex central chiller plant in a super high-rise building using a simulated check valve …
Strategy Of Water Pollution Prevention In Taihu Lake And Its Effects Analysis, Shuqing Yang, P.W. Liu
Strategy Of Water Pollution Prevention In Taihu Lake And Its Effects Analysis, Shuqing Yang, P.W. Liu
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China, is located in the Chanjiang Delta of the Yangtze River. Its waters are used by agriculture, industry and as major drinking water for several cities including Shanghai and Wuxi. The lake also is important for tourism, aquaculture and flood control. Taihu Lake and its surrounding areas are facing three major water-related threats: deteriorating water quality with inflow and runoff from its watershed; flooding during the rainy seasons; and water shortages during drier months. Noxious algae blooms are occurring with increasing frequency and water quality continues to decline. Remedial actions implemented to …
Influence Of Feed Water Chemistry On The Removal Of Ionisable And Neutral Trace Organics By A Loose Nanofiltration Membrane, Long Nghiem
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This study examined the effects of feed water chemistry and membrane fouling on the rejection of trace organics by a loose nanofiltration membrane. One ionisable and one non-ionisable trace organics were selected for investigation. Results reported here indicate that the solution pH and ionic strength can markedly influence the removal of the ionisable trace organic compound sulfamethoxazole. These observations were explained by electrostatic interactions between the solutes and the membrane surface and by the speciation of the ionisable compound. On the other hand, no appreciable effects of solution pH and ionic strength on the rejection of the neutral compound carbamazepine …
Optimisation Of A Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter, Brad Stappenbelt, Paul Cooper
Optimisation Of A Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter, Brad Stappenbelt, Paul Cooper
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The analysis of floating oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion (WEC) devices involves the coupled dynamics of the water column and the floating structure. In the present study, a mechanical oscillator model was used to examine this relationship for the heave motion of a floating wave energy conversion device. Optimal power take-off damping of the system was determined and the effects on maximum power capture examined. The influence of relative OWC and floating structure natural frequencies on OWC WEC device optimisation was also investigated.
Prediction Of Nutrient Concentrations In Urban Storm Water, Daniel May, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Prediction Of Nutrient Concentrations In Urban Storm Water, Daniel May, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Excessive quantities of nutrients in urban storm-water runoff can lead to problems such as eutrophication in receiving water bodies. Accurate process based models are difficult to construct due to the vast array of complex phenomena affecting nutrient concentrations. Furthermore, it is often impossible to successfully apply process based models to catchments with limited or no sampling. This has created the need for simple models capable of predicting nutrient concentrations at unmonitored catchments. In this study, simple statistical models were constructed to predict six different types of nutrients present in urban storm-water runoff: ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, …
Simulation Of Water Movement Through Unsaturated Infiltration-Redistribution System, Thidarat Bunsri, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Simulation Of Water Movement Through Unsaturated Infiltration-Redistribution System, Thidarat Bunsri, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper deals with the movement of water in a natural unsaturated zone, focusing on infiltration-redistribution system. Infiltration refers to the downward movement of water due to the gravitational force and redistribution defines the upward movement of water due to the capillary rise. Under natural conditions, the movement of water through an infiltration-redistribution depended upon the relations among water content, hydraulic conductivity and tension of soil pore. Various combinations of water balance concepts, Richards' equation, soil-physics theory and capillary height concepts were applied to mathematically model the movement of water through infiltration-redistribution system. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the …
Online Performance Evaluation Of Alternative Control Strategies For Building Cooling Water Systems Prior To In-Situ Implementation, Zhenjun Ma, Shengwei Wang, Fu Xiao
Online Performance Evaluation Of Alternative Control Strategies For Building Cooling Water Systems Prior To In-Situ Implementation, Zhenjun Ma, Shengwei Wang, Fu Xiao
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper presents the online test and evaluation of the performance of five practical control strategies (fixed set-point control method, fixed approach control method, two near optimal strategies and one optimal strategy) for building cooling water systems to identify the best strategy for future field validation. All of these strategies were tested and evaluated in a simulated virtual environment similar to the situation when they are actually implemented in practice. A virtual building system representing the real building and its central chilling system was developed and used to test the operational performance of the system controlled by different strategies. The …
Cfd Analysis Of The Performance Of Blade Cascades For Air Turbines In Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Conversion Systems, Andrei Gareev, Paul Cooper, Prabuono B. Kosasih
Cfd Analysis Of The Performance Of Blade Cascades For Air Turbines In Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Conversion Systems, Andrei Gareev, Paul Cooper, Prabuono B. Kosasih
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper presents the results of a detailed CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis of the performance of blade cascades in reversing flow axial flow turbines for use as power take-off systems in Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) systems. In the first part of the paper a fundamental CFD analysis of the lift and drag data for various aerofoil profiles, using a number of different turbulence models, is described and quantitative comparisons are made with experimental data previously published by other researchers. The second part of the paper then describes CFD results of the performance of various rotors …
Solid Water Phantom Heat Conduction : Heating And Cooling Rates, Martin Butson, Tsang Cheung, Peter K.N Yu
Solid Water Phantom Heat Conduction : Heating And Cooling Rates, Martin Butson, Tsang Cheung, Peter K.N Yu
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Solid water is often the phantom material of choice for dosimetry procedures in radiotherapy high-energy X-ray and electron beam radiation calibration and quality assurance. This note investigates variation in heat conduction that can occur for a common commercially available solid water stack phantom when a temperature differential occurs between the phantom and ambient temperature. These variations in temperature can then affect radiation measurements and thus the accuracy of radiation dosimetry. In this manuscript, we aim to investigate the variations in temperature which can occur in radiation measurement incorporated (RMI) solid water phantoms, their thermal properties and the effects on radiation …
Mathematical Model To Predict Solids Content Of Water Treatment Residuals During Drying, Ali Gharaibeh, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Mathematical Model To Predict Solids Content Of Water Treatment Residuals During Drying, Ali Gharaibeh, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Dewatering and drying of residuals are extremely energy intensive processes, which are necessary to reduce the quantity of wet residuals produced from the water and wastewater treatment operations. Meteorological conditions are a major factor in the drying of residuals, which can greatly affect the drying period. A mathematical model is developed for the process of drying of water treatment residuals. A steady-state heat-balance equation is applied for a control volume of residuals that takes into account the heat transfer by radiation, convection, and evaporation. The mathematical model was validated using drying experiments conducted in a wind tunnel as well as …
Development And Preliminary Evaluation Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Procedure For Sensitive Detection Of Cryptosporidium Oocysts In Fecal And Water Samples, Panagiotis Karanis, Oriel Thekisoe, Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi, Jerry Ongerth, Ikuo Igarashi, Noborou Inoue
Development And Preliminary Evaluation Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Procedure For Sensitive Detection Of Cryptosporidium Oocysts In Fecal And Water Samples, Panagiotis Karanis, Oriel Thekisoe, Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi, Jerry Ongerth, Ikuo Igarashi, Noborou Inoue
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) procedure for the detection of Cryptosporidium in environmental and fecal samples was developed and evaluated. This is the first demonstration of LAMP applied to detection of Cryptosporidium. Due to its specificity and simplicity, the method could become a useful diagnostic tool for epidemiologic studies of Cryptosporidium presence.
Critical Risk Points Of Nanofiltration And Reverse Osmosis Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer
Critical Risk Points Of Nanofiltration And Reverse Osmosis Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
NF/RO membrane filtration processes have been recognized as an important technology to facilitate water recycling. Those processes are well-proven technologies, which can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants including trace contaminants that are of particular concern in water recycling. However, risk implications in association with brine or concentrate and membrane cleaning wastewater disposal have to date not been adequately understood. This study examines the adsorption and release process of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during NF/RO filtration processes. Results reported here indicate that the membrane can serve as a large reservoir for EDCs and their release may be …
The Entrainment Of Air By Water Jet Impinging On A Free Surface, Wee King Soh, W Y Daniel Yuen, Boo Cheong Khoo
The Entrainment Of Air By Water Jet Impinging On A Free Surface, Wee King Soh, W Y Daniel Yuen, Boo Cheong Khoo
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
High-speed cine and video photographs were used to capture the flow patterns of a column of water jet impinging into a pool of water. The impact results in air entrainment into water in a form of a void and there are no mixing between the water in the jet and the surrounding water. Conservation of fluid momentum shows that the rate of increase of the height of the air void depends on the drag coefficient of the jet front. By neglecting the frictional losses, the application of energy conservation yields an expression that relates the maximum height of the air …
Critical Risk Points Of Nf/Ro Membrane Filtration Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea I. Schaefer
Critical Risk Points Of Nf/Ro Membrane Filtration Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea I. Schaefer
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
NF/RO membrane filtration processes have been recognized as an important technology to facilitate water recycling. Those processes are well-proven technologies, which can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants including trace contaminants that are of particular concern in water recycling. However, risk implications in association with brine or concentrate and membrane cleaning wastewater disposal have to date not been adequately understood. This study examines the adsorption and release process of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during NF/RO filtration processes. Results reported here indicate that the membrane can serve as a large reservoir for EDCs and their release may be …
The Effects Of Oil Concentration And Droplet Diameter In Oil-In-Water Emulsion On Strip Rolling, Prabuono B. Kosasih, A. K. Tieu, Weihua Li, Cheng Lu
The Effects Of Oil Concentration And Droplet Diameter In Oil-In-Water Emulsion On Strip Rolling, Prabuono B. Kosasih, A. K. Tieu, Weihua Li, Cheng Lu
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
A numerical scheme, which allows tracking of the concentration process within both the inlet and wok zones, has been developed. The scheme allowed us to calculate the rolling pressure and friction associated with the process for different emulsion’s oil concentrations, and oil droplets diameter, ds. Hence the intertwined effect of A,ds, ds and rolling speed on strip rolling parameters could be analyzed. The result shows that rapid concentration, which occurs in the inlet zone, increases the emulsion’s oil concentration sharply. This process effectively transforms the oil into the continuous phase of the emulsion. The analysis of the results also suggests …
Stakeholder Communications For Successful Water Reuse Operations, Stuart J. Khan, L. E Gerrard
Stakeholder Communications For Successful Water Reuse Operations, Stuart J. Khan, L. E Gerrard
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
A well-organised, comprehensive communications program with stakeholders is essential to any modern water reuse project. To maximise trust between water reuse organisations and stakeholders, the communication process needs to begin long before project plans are drawn up and continue throughout the life of any project. It must begin with the decision to seriously consider the development of a scheme and remain highly visible throughout all of its stages, including planning, construction, implementation and operation. The communications program must also embrace any extensions of the project. This paper relates to a study that was undertaken in the preliminary preparation of a …
Drying Of Water Treatment Plant Residuals, Ali Mohammad Gharaibeh, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Hagare Dharmappa
Drying Of Water Treatment Plant Residuals, Ali Mohammad Gharaibeh, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Hagare Dharmappa
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
Drying of ferric chloride water treatment plant residuals have been studied in two experimental sand drying beds. One bed was open and the other was covered with glass to study respectively the open bed drying of residuals under normal weather conditions and passive solar energy drying. The covered bed was fabricated, with a view, to simulate the solar distillation stills. A weather station was used to monitor the dynamic weather conditions in order to study their effect on the drying process. Solids content, drainage water volumes and distillate from the covered bed were measured on a daily basis. The aim …
World Water Crisis Looms, Luke Scott, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
World Water Crisis Looms, Luke Scott, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Dharmappa Hagare
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
An investigation was undertaken to develop a robust solar water purification system for remote areas that have neither suitable potable water nor energy supplies. A study of the challenges of global water supply and existing treatment methods was made to aid the development of the design. Current world water resources are examined regarding climate change, population growth and irrigation and the likely effects are assessed for human health and mortality, potential for conflict, economics and effect on ecosystems. Solutions are posed in the form of development goals, wastewater reuse and desalination. Objectives for the design of effective desalination systems are …
A General Review Of Applications Of Artificial Neural Network To Water Industry, Xin Mi, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
A General Review Of Applications Of Artificial Neural Network To Water Industry, Xin Mi, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
This paper presents case studies of applications of artificial neural network (ANN) to water industry including water treatment, water quality and water consumption. Overall, ANN was found to be superior to time series and multiple regression analysis for most applications. At the same time, however, ANN is a data driven model, so care has to be taken in preparing data for ANN models. Limitations of the current ANN study to coagulant dosages in water treatment plants are presented and further ANN improvements in this field are in progress.
The Impact Of Floodgate Modifications On Water Quality In Acid Sulphate Soil Terrains, William Glamore, Buddhima Indraratna
The Impact Of Floodgate Modifications On Water Quality In Acid Sulphate Soil Terrains, William Glamore, Buddhima Indraratna
Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
The installation of one-way tidal restricting floodgates in regions containing acid sulphate soils has increased the problems associated with acid drainage in many areas of coastal Australia. In southeastern NSW, one-way flap gates installed in deep flood mitigation drains maintain a low groundwater table and increase acid production and transport. Moreover, by restricting the intrusion of brackish water into the drainage system, the floodgates create a reservoir of acidic water. Recent studies suggest that by allowing a controlled amount of brackish water into the drains, via modified floodgates, buffering agents can neutralize the acidic water. A fifteen-month study was undertaken …