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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
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Using Dew Points To Estimate Savings During A Planned Cooling Shutdown, Matthew Friedlein, David Changnon, Eric Musselman, Jeff Zielinski
Using Dew Points To Estimate Savings During A Planned Cooling Shutdown, Matthew Friedlein, David Changnon, Eric Musselman, Jeff Zielinski
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
In an effort to save money during the summer of 2003, Northern Illinois University (NIU) administrators instituted a four-day working week and stopped air conditioning buildings for the three-day weekends (Friday through Sunday). Shutting down the air conditioning systems caused a noticeable drop in electricity usage for that part of the campus that features in our study, with estimated total electricity savings of 1,268,492 kilowatt-hours or 17% of the average usage during that eight-week period. NIU’s air conditioning systems, which relied on evaporative cooling to function, were sensitive to dew point levels. Greatest savings during the shutdown period occurred on …
A Graph-Theoretic Method For Detecting Potential Turing Bifurcations, Maya Mincheva, Marc R. Roussel
A Graph-Theoretic Method For Detecting Potential Turing Bifurcations, Maya Mincheva, Marc R. Roussel
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
The conditions for diffusion-driven (Turing) instabilities in systems with two reactive species are well known. General methods for detecting potential Turing bifurcations in larger reaction schemes are, on the other hand, not well developed. We prove a theorem for a graph-theoretic condition originally given by Volpert and Ivanova [Mathematical Modeling (Nauka, Moscow, 1987) (in Russian), p. 57] for Turing instabilities in a mass-action reaction-diffusion system involving n substances. The method is based on the representation of a reaction mechanism as a bipartite graph with two types of nodes representing chemical species and reactions, respectively. The condition for diffusion-driven instability is …
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics Of Snowstorms In The Contiguous United States, David Changnon, Stanley A. Changnon, Thomas R. Karl
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics Of Snowstorms In The Contiguous United States, David Changnon, Stanley A. Changnon, Thomas R. Karl
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
A climatological analysis of snowstorms across the contiguous United States, based on data from 1222 weather stations with data during 1901–2001, defined the spatial and temporal features. The average annual incidence of events creating 15.2 cm or more in 1 or 2 days, which are termed as snowstorms, exhibits great spatial variability. The pattern is latitudinal across most of the eastern half of the United States, averaging 0.1 storm (1 storm per 10 years) in the Deep South, increasing to 2 storms along the Canadian border. This pattern is interrupted by higher averages downwind of the Great Lakes and in …
On The Origin Of Microbial Orfans: Quantifying The Strength Of The Evidence For Viral Lateral Transfer, Yanbin Yin, Daniel Fischer
On The Origin Of Microbial Orfans: Quantifying The Strength Of The Evidence For Viral Lateral Transfer, Yanbin Yin, Daniel Fischer
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background:The origin of microbial ORFans, ORFs having no detectable homology to other ORFs in the databases, is one of the unexplained puzzles of the post-genomic era. Several hypothesis on the origin of ORFans have been suggested in the last few years, most of which based on selected, relatively small, subsets of ORFans. One of the hypotheses for the origin of ORFans is that they have been acquired thru lateral transfer from viruses. Here we carry out a comprehensive, genome-wide study on the origins of ORFans to quantify the strength of current evidence supporting this hypothesis. Results:We performed similarity searches by …
The Influence Of Flaws On Joint Spacing And Saturation: Results Of One-Dimensional Mechanical Modeling, Mark P. Fischer, A. Polansky
The Influence Of Flaws On Joint Spacing And Saturation: Results Of One-Dimensional Mechanical Modeling, Mark P. Fischer, A. Polansky
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
In bedded sedimentary or mechanically anisotropic rocks, joints often occur in laterally persistent, parallel sets with distinctive spacing attributes. Three of those attributes include a positively skewed distribution of joint spacings, a positive correlation between median spacing and mechanical layer thickness, and the tendency for rocks to appear saturated with joints and to show a ratio of layer thickness to median joint spacing near one. We identify total applied strain, mechanical interaction, joint propagation velocity, and flaws as key variables in the progressive jointing process, and we use a one-dimensional model of mechanically interacting joints to characterize the specific influence …
Self-Determination And International Order, Tomis Kapitan
Self-Determination And International Order, Tomis Kapitan
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
No abstract provided.
A Model Of The Determinants Of Effort, Carl M. Campbell Iii
A Model Of The Determinants Of Effort, Carl M. Campbell Iii
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
This study derives an expression for effort from utility-maximizing behavior on the part of workers, whose utility depends on consumption, effort, and the ratio between their wage and their perceived fair wage. Unlike many shirking models, this study treats effort as a continuous variable rather than as a dichotomous choice. Effort is shown to depend on wages at a worker's current firm, wages at other firms, the ratio between a worker's wage and perceived fair wage, unemployment benefits, the unemployment rate, and the firm's monitoring intensity.
Flood Frequency In China's Poyang Lake Region: Trends And Teleconnections, David Shankman, Barry D. Keim, Jie Song
Flood Frequency In China's Poyang Lake Region: Trends And Teleconnections, David Shankman, Barry D. Keim, Jie Song
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province is the largest freshwater lake in China and is historically a region of significant floods.Annual events of peak lake stage and of severe floods have increased dramatically during the past few decades. This trend is related primarily to levee construction at the periphery of the lake and along the middle of the Changjiang (Yangtze River), which protects a large rural population. These levees reduce the area formerly available for floodwater storage resulting in higher lake stages during the summer flood season and catastrophic levee failures. The most severe floods in the Poyang Lake since 1950, …
Beyond Encounters: Religion, Ethnicity, And Violence In The Early Modern Atlantic World, 1450-1700, Brian Sandberg
Beyond Encounters: Religion, Ethnicity, And Violence In The Early Modern Atlantic World, 1450-1700, Brian Sandberg
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
No abstract provided.
Through Naval Practice And The Association With Foreigners’: French Nobles’ Participation In Mediterranean Religious Struggles, Brian Sandberg
Through Naval Practice And The Association With Foreigners’: French Nobles’ Participation In Mediterranean Religious Struggles, Brian Sandberg
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
This article examines a group of ‘military migrants’, French nobles who engaged in Mediterranean maritime warfare, in an attempt to reconsider religious violence in the early modern period. The great religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have often been completely divorced from one another in early modem historiography— the Ottoman-Christian wars in the Mediterranean treated separately from the Protestant- Catholic conflicts within Europe. French nobles engaged in religious conflict within France throughout the long French Religious Wars of 1562-1629, but they also were very active in other religious struggles throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. Analyzing French nobles’ maritime …
Cloud-To-Ground Flash Characteristics For Atlanta, Georgia (Usa), M.L. Bentley
Cloud-To-Ground Flash Characteristics For Atlanta, Georgia (Usa), M.L. Bentley
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
We analyzed the patterns of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes around Atlanta, Georgia (USA), a region that has undergone an intense conversion from natural to anthropogenic land uses. For the 12 yr period from 1992 to 2003, annual average CG flash densities of 6 to 8 flashes km–2 emerged around Atlanta. These values are 50 to 75% higher than in the surrounding rural areas, and comparable to flash densities along the Atlantic coast of Georgia. High flash densities extended over a large swath of Atlanta, and into Gwinnett County, a heavily suburbanized, rapidly growing county to the northeast. Urban flash production …
Estimating The Long-Term Hydrological Budget Over Heterogeneous Surfaces, Jie Song, M.L. Wesely, D.J. Holdridge, D.R. Cook, J. Klazura
Estimating The Long-Term Hydrological Budget Over Heterogeneous Surfaces, Jie Song, M.L. Wesely, D.J. Holdridge, D.R. Cook, J. Klazura
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Estimates of the hydrological budget in the Walnut River Watershed (WRW; 5000 km2) of southern Kansas were made with a parameterized subgrid-scale surface (PASS) model for the period 1996–2002. With its subgrid-scale distribution scheme, the PASS model couples surface meteorological observations with satellite remote sensing data to update root-zone available moisture and to simulate surface evapotranspiration rates at high resolution over extended areas. The PASS model is observationally driven, making use of extensive parameterizations of surface properties and processes. Heterogeneities in surface conditions are spatially resolved to an extent determined primarily by the satellite data pixel size. The purpose of …
The Temporal And Spatial Scale Of Microevolution: Fine-Scale Color Pattern Variation In The Lake Erie Watersnake, Richard B. King, J.M. Ray
The Temporal And Spatial Scale Of Microevolution: Fine-Scale Color Pattern Variation In The Lake Erie Watersnake, Richard B. King, J.M. Ray
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Question: What is the temporal and spatial scale of microevolution? Hypotheses: The combined effects of natural selection and gene flow result in variation in heritable traits on fine spatial and geographic scales. Organism: The Lake Erie watersnake, Nerodia sipedon insularum. Field site: US and Canadian islands in western Lake Erie. Methods: We tested for variation in colour pattern frequency within islands, among islands, and over time using data from nearly annual censuses conducted since 1980, museum specimens, and published sources. We compared FST for a presumptive major colour pattern locus to FST for allozyme loci to determine whether spatial variation …
Determination Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients By Heteroatom Selective Detection Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry With Ultrasonic Nebuilization And Membrane Desolvation Sample Introduction, Jon W. Carnahan, Kaho Kwok, John E. Carr, Gregory K. Webster
Determination Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients By Heteroatom Selective Detection Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry With Ultrasonic Nebuilization And Membrane Desolvation Sample Introduction, Jon W. Carnahan, Kaho Kwok, John E. Carr, Gregory K. Webster
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
The combination of ultrasonic nebulization with membrane desolvation (USN-MD) is utilized to determine active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) by heteroatom inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) detection. Ultrasonic nebulization provides efficient sampling while use of the membrane desolvator acts to reduce solvent-based interferences. This approach reduces interferences sufficiently so that a standard argon ICPquadrupole MS can be utilized. Examined APIs and associated heteroatoms included: phosphomycin (P), amoxicillin (S), chlorpropamide (Cl), and ofloxacin (F). The optimum plasma r.f. powers for P, S, and Cl were in the 1000 to 1200 watts range. The high ionization energy of F required that the plasma be …
The Virtual Dialectic: Rethinking The Matrix And Its Significance, David J. Gunkel
The Virtual Dialectic: Rethinking The Matrix And Its Significance, David J. Gunkel
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
No abstract provided.
Morphometric Analysis Of Martian Valley Network Basins Using A Circularity Function, W. Luo, A.D. Howard
Morphometric Analysis Of Martian Valley Network Basins Using A Circularity Function, W. Luo, A.D. Howard
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
This paper employs a circularity function to quantify the internal morphology of Martian watershed basins in Margaritifer Sinus region and to infer the primary erosional processes that led to their current geomorphologic characteristics and possible climatic conditions under which these processes operated. The circularity function describes the elongation of a watershed basin at different elevations. We have used the circularity functions of terrestrial basins that were interpreted as having been modified by (1) erosion related to primarily groundwater sapping and (2) erosion related to primarily rainfall and surface run-off, as well as the circularity functions of cratering basins on the …
Topographically Derived Maps Of Valley Networks And Drainage Density In The Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle On Mars, W. Luo, T.F. Stepinski
Topographically Derived Maps Of Valley Networks And Drainage Density In The Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle On Mars, W. Luo, T.F. Stepinski
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
A novel, automated technique for delineating Martian valley networks from digital terrain data is applied to the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle on Mars, yielding a detailed map for the entire quadrangle. The resultant average value of drainage density for the Noachian part of the quadrangle is D 0.05 km 1, an order of magnitude higher than the value inferred from a global map based on Viking images, and comparable to the values inferred from the precision mapping of selected focus sites. Valleys are omnipresent in Noachian terrain even outside the ‘‘highly dissected’’ Npld unit. This suggests fluvial erosion throughout the Noachian, …
Tracing Nitrogen In Volcanic And Geothermal Volatiles From The Nicaraguan Volcanic Front, James A. Walker, L.J. Elkins, T.P. Fischer, D.R. Hilton, Z.D. Sharp, S. Mcknight
Tracing Nitrogen In Volcanic And Geothermal Volatiles From The Nicaraguan Volcanic Front, James A. Walker, L.J. Elkins, T.P. Fischer, D.R. Hilton, Z.D. Sharp, S. Mcknight
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
We report new chemical and isotopic data from 26 volcanic and geothermal gases, vapor condensates, and thermal water samples, collected along the Nicaraguan volcanic front. The samples were analyzed for chemical abundances and stable isotope compositions, with a focus on nitrogen abundances and isotope ratios. These data are used to evaluate samples for volatile contributions from magma, air, air-saturated water, and the crust. Samples devoid of crustal contamination (based upon He isotope composition) but slightly contaminated by air or air-saturated water are corrected using N2/Ar ratios in order to obtain primary magmatic values, composed of contributions from upper mantle and …
Body Image And Expected Future Interaction, Alecia M. Santuzzi, P.L. Metzger, J.B. Ruscher
Body Image And Expected Future Interaction, Alecia M. Santuzzi, P.L. Metzger, J.B. Ruscher
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
This study examined impression formation as a function of anticipated future social interaction among women with varying body image perceptions. Seventy-four women participated in a getto- know-you interview with a female confederate, and either did or did not anticipate additional interaction. When participants anticipated future interaction, more negative body image predicted less positive relationship expectations. However, when not expecting future interaction, negative body image predicted positive relationship expectations. This effect was partially mediated by an increased focus on the self and partner as a collective unit. Results suggest a qualification to previous research conclusions about negative interpersonal perceptions among stigmatized …
Bike Messengers And The Really Real: Effervescence, Reflexivity, And Postmodern Identity, Jeffrey L. Kidder
Bike Messengers And The Really Real: Effervescence, Reflexivity, And Postmodern Identity, Jeffrey L. Kidder
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Out of more than two thousand bike messengers in New York City, a few hundred participate in alleycats—illegal races held in open traffic. Surrounding this racing scene is a vibrant messenger community. Messengers who race in or attend alleycats carry their messenger identity into all aspects of their lives. Through direct participant observation, this article proposes that alleycats function as Durkheimian rituals for these messengers. Alleycats express the central values of the social world. Lost in collective effervescence, the individual confronts these values as objectified truths, which allow messengers to form stable identities. Further, bicycles, messenger bags, and other objects …
Zirkussklaven, Sinclair Bell
American General Jurisdiction Trial Courts: New Visions, New Guidelines, Jeffrey A. Parness
American General Jurisdiction Trial Courts: New Visions, New Guidelines, Jeffrey A. Parness
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Today, American trial courts are trying less and managing more private civil cases. They are also losing many private claims to other dispute resolvers. The traditional role of the trial judge as a neutral, detached, and passive adjudicator for private civil cases has given way to the trial judge who is a more active case manager, a more aggressive settlement facilitator, and an appellate-type reviewer of case decisions first made elsewhere. Unfortunately, contemporary written civil procedure laws do not reflect this new reality, increasingly reflecting only legend. New general visions of contemporary trial court decision making would help civil procedure …
Deserting Mothers, Abandoned Babies, Lost Fathers: Dangers In Safe Havens, Jeffrey A. Parness
Deserting Mothers, Abandoned Babies, Lost Fathers: Dangers In Safe Havens, Jeffrey A. Parness
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Safe Haven laws allow genetic mothers to abandon their newborns with no questions asked. Newborns are then protected from potential abuse or neglect and can be adopted at an early age into loving and welcoming families. Mothers are free to go on with their lives knowing that the best interests of their children have been secured. So what is wrong? The problem lies with the law's neglect of the genetic fathers. Seemingly, the parenthood opportunities often are lost without anyone asking the genetic fathers if they care. Furthermore, no matter how much better the children's lives, proper social policy demands …
Improving Judicial Settlement Conferences, Jeffrey A. Parness
Improving Judicial Settlement Conferences, Jeffrey A. Parness
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Professors Molot, Fuller, Fiss, and Resnik, among others, have expressed concerns about the unbounded, unchecked, unbridled, and virtually unfettered judicial discretion of American trial court judges who preside over civil case settlement conferences. I am also concerned. But the best response is not to abolish or severely restrict judicial settlement conferences. Rather, it is to add more formality and more written guidelines. New guidelines would discourage each trial court judge from marching to the beat of her own drummer. These guidelines should involve, as suggested by Professor Fuller, both more adversary control and more detailed and written criteria. In addition, …
New Federal Paternity Laws: Securing More Fathers For Children Of Unwed Mothers, Jeffrey A. Parness
New Federal Paternity Laws: Securing More Fathers For Children Of Unwed Mothers, Jeffrey A. Parness
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Public policy demands that American lawmakers, both federal and state, more vigorously promote the early, accurate, informed, and conclusive designations of fathers in law around the time children are born. There is, in particular, an urgent need today to develop legal standards that better promote more birth certificate designations of paternity for children born to unwed mothers. Public policy also demands that where paternity designations do not accurately reflect the requisite genetic ties with children, paternity laws should be more fair and just in allowing paternity disestablishment. This Article reviews the federal mandates within the Social Security Act both on …
No Genetic Ties, No More Fathers: Voluntary Acknowledgment Recissions And Other Paternity Disestablishments Under Illinois Law, Jeffrey A. Parness
No Genetic Ties, No More Fathers: Voluntary Acknowledgment Recissions And Other Paternity Disestablishments Under Illinois Law, Jeffrey A. Parness
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
This paper begins by examining federal paternity standards involving voluntary paternity acknowledgments of children born to unmarried women. These standards are increasingly important as voluntary acknowledgments are now typically required for birth certificate recognitions of paternity for children born to unmarried women and as the number of births to unmarried women in the United States has doubled in the past two decades. The paper then explores the confusion in Illinois over these standards arising from the 2004 Illinois Supreme Court decision in People v. Smith. It then illustrates that there is similar confusion nationwide. For example, there is much doubt …
Takings Jurisprudence As Three-Tiered Review, Mark W. Cordes
Takings Jurisprudence As Three-Tiered Review, Mark W. Cordes
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
Takings jurisprudence has long been and remains, in the opinion of many, a constitutional quagmire, with little in the way of predictable results or coherent principles. The Supreme Court itself has acknowledged the largely ad hoc nature of its takings analysis, emphasizing the fact-sensitive nature of takings decisions and its reluctance to articulate precise formulae in this area. Moreover, although articulating a variety of standards and tests, such as “investment-backed expectations” and “economic viability,” the Court has not clearly stated their relation to each other or their precise meanings. This has led a number of commentators to lament these unclear …
`Died In The Service Of Portugal': Legitimacy Of Authority And Dynamics Of Group Identity Among The Atsabe Kemak In East Timor, Andrea Molnar
`Died In The Service Of Portugal': Legitimacy Of Authority And Dynamics Of Group Identity Among The Atsabe Kemak In East Timor, Andrea Molnar
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
The paper examines the metaphors and dynamics of Atsabe Kemak group identity construction, with a strong emphasis on local cultural `remembering' of Atsabe history via-a-vis relations of power. The analysis utilizes the analytical frameworks of Foucault's notion of discourse and Bourdieu's concept of habitus. The secondary burial of a former chieftain highlights the dynamics of Atsabe Kemak responses to new nation-building processes and to international influences that have appeared during the United Nations' transitional administration.
Crucible Of Andean Civilization: The Peruvian Coast From 3000 To 1800 B.C., Jonathan Haas, Winifred Creamer
Crucible Of Andean Civilization: The Peruvian Coast From 3000 To 1800 B.C., Jonathan Haas, Winifred Creamer
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
The focus of the development of the first complex, centralized societies on the coast of Peru between 3000 and 1800 BC was a portion of the coast known as the Norte Chico, where more than 30 large Late Archaic sites with monumental platform mounds, ceremonial plazas, and residential architecture have now been identified. Differing theories have been offered to explain the emergence of complex polities in this region. New settlement and radiocarbon data suggest an alternative theoretical model that posits a regional sphere of interaction with a dominant political nexus in the Norte Chico region and participation by maritime fishing …
The Origins Of Monumental Architecture In Ancient Hawai'i, Michael Kolb
The Origins Of Monumental Architecture In Ancient Hawai'i, Michael Kolb
Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications
At the time of European contact in AD 1778, chiefs in the Hawaiian archipelago had implemented a temple network that helped reaffirm an ideology of kingship, feudalize land ownership, impose ritual control over labor and production, and facilitate internecine warfare over territory. A corpus of 90 14C dates from 40 temples on the island of Maui indicates that this temple system originated AD 1200 and developed over four phases that correlate with some general sociopolitical trends distilled from ethnohistory. An important shift in temple construction and use is noted for AD 14521625, a time of island unification and changing land …