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Lower Trophic Relations Within The Lake Ontario Invertebrate Community As Assessed By Chemical Tracers, Donald Robert Uzarski Oct 2021

Lower Trophic Relations Within The Lake Ontario Invertebrate Community As Assessed By Chemical Tracers, Donald Robert Uzarski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The lower trophic food web of Lake Ontario plays an important role in the lake’s ecosystem, yet the trophic relationships of these taxa are not well understood. Utilizing carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes as a tool to trace the flow of energy through the system, the main objective of this thesis was to understand the isotopic variability and trophic relationships of invertebrate taxa through space and season in Lake Ontario. Using an extensive dataset collected in 2012 and 2013, this study was conducted in two research chapters. The first chapter assessed variation in the isotopic signature of three …


A Social-Ecological Examination Of Moose In Maine: Habitat, Management, And Changing Seasonality, Asha Dimatteo-Lepape Aug 2021

A Social-Ecological Examination Of Moose In Maine: Habitat, Management, And Changing Seasonality, Asha Dimatteo-Lepape

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Maine is a New England state with rich ecosystems and diverse opportunities for enjoying the outdoors. Maine is well known as a popular nature-based tourist destination, and is often associated with its notable moose population. Social-ecological systems in Maine are highly intertwined, and as such, are especially susceptible to impacts resulting from climate change. Moose health in the state is already being negatively impacted by climate change with high infestation rates of winter tick resulting in declining moose health and high moose calf mortality. Given that late winter is a time of high stress and increased mortality of moose due …


Excremental Ecofeminism: Unearthing Waste’S Feminine And Narrative Agency In Early Modern Literature, Courtney Druzak Aug 2021

Excremental Ecofeminism: Unearthing Waste’S Feminine And Narrative Agency In Early Modern Literature, Courtney Druzak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This project seeks to understand the role of forms of waste in early modern literary texts. It both offers up a theory—known as early modern excremental ecofeminism—for reading period specific texts in relation to waste and articulates how we may do so through close analysis of Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene, John Milton’s Paradise Lost, the elegies of Mary Sidney Herbert, the sonnet sequence Pamphilia to Amphilanthus by Mary Wroth, John Evelyn’s Fumifugium, and finally, William Shakespeare’s play Antony and Cleopatra. It chooses a variety of genres across texts from the 1580s to the 1660s both to interrogate …


Seasonal Habitat Use Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) In North Inlet, Winyah Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina, Danielle Elizabeth Capella Aug 2021

Seasonal Habitat Use Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) In North Inlet, Winyah Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina, Danielle Elizabeth Capella

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


The Impacts Of Climate Change On The Gulf Of Maine Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) Distribution, Reproduction, And Life, Hsiao-Yun Chang Aug 2021

The Impacts Of Climate Change On The Gulf Of Maine Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) Distribution, Reproduction, And Life, Hsiao-Yun Chang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Gulf of Maine northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) once supported a significant winter fishery for the Gulf of Maine (GOM). Although the shrimp fishery is not comparable to the lobster business, it provided fishermen and many coastal communities jobs and incomes in winters after lobster seasons. However, a moratorium has been put on the shrimp fishery since 2014 due to record low population abundance and perceived recruitment failures. The recruitment failures have been correlated with warming water temperatures over the past decade. The GOM has been recognized as experiencing rapid warming as a result of global climate change. …


Identifying The Cardiovascular Effects Of Multiple Pollutants., Katlyn Elizabeth Mcgraw May 2021

Identifying The Cardiovascular Effects Of Multiple Pollutants., Katlyn Elizabeth Mcgraw

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death from environmental exposures. Although exposure to PM2.5 is an established risk factor for CVD, the contribution of other hazardous pollutant exposure to CVD is less clear. Overall, this work aimed to examine the effect of pollutants with lesser documented effects on cardiovascular disease using a multi-pronged approach to exposure assessment. The three aims were to examine the relationship between county-level toxic chemical releases and CVD mortality in the contiguous United States between 2002 and 2012, to assess the relationship between individual-level VOC metabolites and vascular function, and to build multipollutant …


Marine Aquaculture In Maine: Understanding Diverse Perspectives And Interactions At Multiple Scales, Melissa L. Britsch May 2021

Marine Aquaculture In Maine: Understanding Diverse Perspectives And Interactions At Multiple Scales, Melissa L. Britsch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Coastal oceans are changing and experiencing increased use. The social and ecological benefits of healthy coastal oceans are well documented and include habitats for marine species, storm protection, and recreational opportunities (MEA, 2005). As the impacts of human activities are recognized, questions about how ocean spaces should be used are becoming more common. These questions are complex and involve many tradeoffs. Understanding the values people hold about uses, and how activities and ecosystems overlap, is critical for weighing tradeoffs and improving future management. I use the northeastern U.S. state of Maine to study human interactions with coastal oceans. Maine is …


Life In The Slow Lane: Estimating The Metabolic Rate And Trophic Impact Of The Greenland Shark (Somniosus Microcephalus), Eric Ste-Marie Mar 2021

Life In The Slow Lane: Estimating The Metabolic Rate And Trophic Impact Of The Greenland Shark (Somniosus Microcephalus), Eric Ste-Marie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Metabolic rate is intricately linked to the ecology of organisms and can provide a framework to study the behaviour, life history, population dynamics, and trophic impact of a species. Acquiring measures of metabolic rate, however, has proven difficult for large water-breathing animals such as sharks, greatly limiting our understanding of the energetic lives of these highly threatened and ecologically important fish. The following thesis presents the first estimates of metabolic rate for one severly understudied and near-threatened species, the long-lived Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Resting and active routine metabolic rates were estimated through field respirometry conducted on four relatively large-bodied …


Study On The Human Gut Bacteria Under Different Ecological Conditions: Antibiotic Perturbation And Dietary Quercetin, Shruti Shashidharan Menon Jan 2021

Study On The Human Gut Bacteria Under Different Ecological Conditions: Antibiotic Perturbation And Dietary Quercetin, Shruti Shashidharan Menon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The human intestine encompasses a vast community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota that play a crucial role in maintaining health. Common perturbations such as changes in the normal diet, antibiotic treatment, and changes in environmental conditions can alter the gut microbiome. This can create dysbiosis in the gut leading to disease conditions. Therefore, it becomes important to determine the forces that influence the gut microbial ecology. In the first study, we focus on antibiotic perturbations on microbial succession and resilience in a synthetic consortium consisting of the most prevalent gut bacteria in humans. In addition, we investigated the …


Beyond Viability: Case Studies In Writing Center Sustainability, Loren Skye Roberson Jan 2021

Beyond Viability: Case Studies In Writing Center Sustainability, Loren Skye Roberson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Writing centers are resilient institutions, but its unclear what factors contribute to their longevity. Scholars such as Neal Lerner suggest the versatility of writing centers stems from their ability to react and resist the status quo. Yet, its undetermined what specific factors lend themselves to the continuation of a writing centers life span. Using ecocomposition as a theoretical framework, this dissertation expands the limited conversation on writing center ecology and sustainability. Each chapter is a case study of the risk management, resilience, and sustainability systems at a regional writing center. The purpose of these case studies is twofold: to ascertain …


Sexual Dimorphism Of Thermal Preference In Florida Scrub Lizards (Sceloporus Woodi) And Predicting Response To Climate Change In Two Rare Habitats, Sidney E. Anderson Jan 2021

Sexual Dimorphism Of Thermal Preference In Florida Scrub Lizards (Sceloporus Woodi) And Predicting Response To Climate Change In Two Rare Habitats, Sidney E. Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Florida Scrub Lizard (Sceloporus woodi) is endemic to Florida, where it inhabits fragments of xeric sandhill uplands including endangered long-leaf pine and sand pine scrub habitats. Lizards depend on a predictable range of temperatures to maximize their growth and productivity, and to do so, they shuttle among various thermal micro-environments. Thus, the spatial distribution of temperatures in the habitat is important. Habitats dominated by either high or low extremes of an organism’s preference are energetically costly and dangerous (less optimal), especially to gravid females. This study examines thermal preference of a near-threatened species that also inhabits increasingly rare habitats. …


Thinking Ethically About Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Retention In Care And Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing In A Southeastern United States Local Health Department In The Time Of Covid-19, Ellie Purdy Jan 2021

Thinking Ethically About Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Retention In Care And Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing In A Southeastern United States Local Health Department In The Time Of Covid-19, Ellie Purdy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Local Health Departments (LHDs) are critical providers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention efforts. HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an evolving public health initiative and practitioners should consider PrEP interventions in context of ethical decision-making and a broad STI prevention strategy as global incidence of bacterial STIs remains high and those at-risk for HIV are generally at-risk for other STIs. An evaluation of the Thinking Ethically framework and LHD PrEP services was performed to fill a gap in the literature and support program decision-making. A retrospective review of PrEP user medical records from a LHD …


Understanding Patterns And Functional Impacts Of An Invasive Tree And Its Biological Control In A Riparian System, Annie L. Henry Jan 2021

Understanding Patterns And Functional Impacts Of An Invasive Tree And Its Biological Control In A Riparian System, Annie L. Henry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Invasive species have become an inextricable part of the landscape, particularly in riparian plant communities, and removal is often a key component of restoration programs. Biological control (biocontrol) is a method of removal that is often both efficient and effective. However, the impact of biocontrol on target species and indirect effects from invasive species removal can be hard to predict. While monitoring the impact of invasive species removal usually involves some species-based assessment such as changes in diversity, historically dominant species or native species, these strategies do not typically provide insight into the mechanisms underlying plant community response to removal. …


Quantifying Microbial Resistance To Nematode Predation, Tyler Bacon Jan 2021

Quantifying Microbial Resistance To Nematode Predation, Tyler Bacon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The selection pressure of predation has encouraged the development of defense traits that can make an individual species more environmentally stable. In addition to biotic pressures, abiotic factors could lead to disruption of predator-prey balance within ecosystems. Consequently, it is significant to better understand how environmental factors can influence predator-prey interactions and how responses may, in turn, affect communities. A current challenge within microbial communities is to understand which intraspecific traits associated with such defense strategies are important for microbial-prey responses to predation, and how the responses vary across environments revealing GxE interactions. In this study, I examined microbial-predator prey …


Early Life History Of Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) In South Carolina Estuaries: Assessment Of Juvenile Recruitment And Validity Of Aging And Back-Calculation Methods, Garrett M. Elmo Dec 2020

Early Life History Of Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) In South Carolina Estuaries: Assessment Of Juvenile Recruitment And Validity Of Aging And Back-Calculation Methods, Garrett M. Elmo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Past, Current, And Future Potential Distributions Of Red Spruce And Fraser Fir Forests In The Southern Appalachians: Interpreting Possible Impacts Of Climate Change, Danika Mosher Dec 2020

Past, Current, And Future Potential Distributions Of Red Spruce And Fraser Fir Forests In The Southern Appalachians: Interpreting Possible Impacts Of Climate Change, Danika Mosher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spruce-Fir forests are relicts from the Pleistocene and can only be found within the Southern Appalachians. Analyzing the relationships between species distribution, climatic parameters, topography, and biotic interactions through ecological niche modeling creates prediction maps for conservation efforts. Maxent, Boosted Regression, and Random Forest were utilized to compare which model and variable combinations best approximate the unique mountain forest environment. Maxent with a bias file produced optimal results and was used to examine distributional changes that may occur in the future and how these changes compare to paleo-environmental distributions. Fraser fir has shown evidence of being influenced by changing climates …


Molecular Techniques To Advance The Conservation Of Imperilled Freshwater Fishes, Ryland George Corchis-Scott Nov 2020

Molecular Techniques To Advance The Conservation Of Imperilled Freshwater Fishes, Ryland George Corchis-Scott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The conservation of imperilled fishes should be informed by species-specific genetic information. However, there are a lack of molecular data for most species at risk with the development of species-specific primer acting as a barrier to genetic evaluations. Here, I describe the development and preliminary testing of a set of microsatellite markers for the imperilled Lake Chubsucker (Erimyzon sucetta). These markers are apparently diploid, are polymorphic, and have been demonstrated to amplify individuals from across the species’ North American range. The microsatellite markers described in this thesis have applications for population genetics as well as informing source population selection for …


Spatial And Temporal Genetic Variation In An Exploited Coral Reef Fish: A Cohort Approach To Examine The Effects Of Line Fishing, Zahra Salem Taboun Aug 2020

Spatial And Temporal Genetic Variation In An Exploited Coral Reef Fish: A Cohort Approach To Examine The Effects Of Line Fishing, Zahra Salem Taboun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many reef fishes are harvested, making it important to study the effects of exploitation. However, reef fishes often show highly variable and unpredictable genetic patterns, and high levels of gene flow from dispersive larvae can mask the effects of stressors. Since larval dispersal is the main mechanism of gene flow in reef fishes, and inter-reef movements of adults are reduced, studying cohorts offers a solution to assessing the effects of exploitation because it lowers the chance that gene flow will mask the effects of fishing. Here we characterize genetic patterns in the common coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, an important reef …


The Effects Of Elevation On Foraging Behavior Of Bats In Southern Appalachia, Victoria Long Aug 2020

The Effects Of Elevation On Foraging Behavior Of Bats In Southern Appalachia, Victoria Long

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There are limited studies on bat activity in higher elevations in the Appalachian region. Levels of bat activity were compared in south central Appalachia at low (< 914.4 m) and high (> 1, 524 m) elevations in open, forest edge, and riparian habitats. Additionally, habitat suitability was modeled for a common species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). The study started May 27th 2019, and sites were monitored biweekly until October 2nd 2019. Six species and one genus were recorded during the study. Species from the Myotis genus were grouped together because of similar call characteristics. Results show that species were significantly more …


Assessing The Impact Of Restored Wetlands On Bat Foraging Activity Over Nearby Farmland, Philip Allagas Aug 2020

Assessing The Impact Of Restored Wetlands On Bat Foraging Activity Over Nearby Farmland, Philip Allagas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Up to 87% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed, considerably reducing ecosystem services these wetlands once provided. More recently, many wetlands are being restored in an attempt to regain their ecosystem service. This study seeks to determine the effects of restored wetlands on local bat habitat use. Bat activity was found to be significantly higher around the wetlands when compared to distant grassy fields; however, no significant difference was found among the restored wetlands and a remote cattle farm containing multiple water features. Geospatial models of bat distribution and bat foraging were produced using machine learning that showed higher …


A Deep Life: The Application Of Stable Isotopes To Understand Deep-Sea Environments With A Focus On Latitudinal Gradients, Laurissa Christie Jul 2020

A Deep Life: The Application Of Stable Isotopes To Understand Deep-Sea Environments With A Focus On Latitudinal Gradients, Laurissa Christie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The deep-sea, defined as the area 200 m below the surface, is facing emerging chemical, physical and biological stressors. Currently, very little is known regarding deep-sea ecosystems both globally and in the Arctic. In this thesis I undertook a literature review on the current understanding of global deep-sea ecosystems through the use of stable isotopes. Specifically, I synthesized the available literature on spatial variation, energy pathways, depth, temporal variation, feeding behaviour, niche, trophic position and body size isotopic trends. This thesis then presents a case study examining the isotopic niche of five teleost and two decapod species within Arctic deep-sea …


Exploring The Energetic Consequences And Decision-Making Behaviours Of Polar Bears (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging On Common Eider (Somateria Mollissima) Seaduck Eggs On Mitivik Island, Nunavut, Patrick Mathiew Jagielski May 2020

Exploring The Energetic Consequences And Decision-Making Behaviours Of Polar Bears (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging On Common Eider (Somateria Mollissima) Seaduck Eggs On Mitivik Island, Nunavut, Patrick Mathiew Jagielski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Climate change is projected to further degrade sea-ice conditions in the Arctic, causing disruptions in the foraging ecology of animals. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) will likely continue to suffer declines in fitness if they are unable to supplement lost on-ice hunting opportunities with terrestrial resources. My thesis aimed to investigate whether polar bears accrue a net energetic gain from foraging on common eider (Somateria mollissima) eggs and whether the decisions they make when foraging on eggs are consistent with optimal foraging theory. Using aerial footage of bears foraging on common eider eggs, I estimated the energetic consequences of foraging on …


Using Isotopic Niche Dynamics To Predict Resiliency To Climate Change In An Arctic Seabird, Kyle John Lee Parkinson May 2020

Using Isotopic Niche Dynamics To Predict Resiliency To Climate Change In An Arctic Seabird, Kyle John Lee Parkinson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resource limitation drives fitness-related decisions and constrains the ability of organisms to invest in energetically demanding life history stages. Environmental factors (e.g., temperature) play an important role in affecting resource availability and quality which can downstream effect the ability of individuals to invest in energetically demanding life history stages, including reproduction. Human-induced climate change is generating increasingly variable environmental conditions, impacting the abundance and distribution of prey items and therefore the ability of individuals to successfully reproduce, and these effects are especially pronounced in the Arctic. However, it is currently unknown whether Arctic organisms possess the ability to adjust foraging …


Evaluating Seafood Distribution Channels In The Atlantic Sea Scallop And Northeast Multispecies Groundfish Fisheries, Amanda Fall May 2020

Evaluating Seafood Distribution Channels In The Atlantic Sea Scallop And Northeast Multispecies Groundfish Fisheries, Amanda Fall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Federal fisheries policy in the United States aims to balance resource conservation with maximum sustainable use. Catch shares are a quota-based management tool that are being increasingly deployed to achieve this ambitious goal. One perceived benefit of catch shares is that they give fishermen control of their catch so they will have the latitude to pursue the most profitable marketing arrangements. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research seeks to (1) describe and document the different marketing strategies that commercial fishermen in the Northeast Multispecies Groundfish and Atlantic Sea Scallop fisheries are using to sell their catch; and (2) estimate the …


The Spatial Ecology And Genetics Of Copperhead Snakes (Agkistrodon Contortrix) In An Urban Forest, Malle F. Carrasco-Harris Jan 2020

The Spatial Ecology And Genetics Of Copperhead Snakes (Agkistrodon Contortrix) In An Urban Forest, Malle F. Carrasco-Harris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As global population increases and metropolitan areas grow, natural habitats are progressively fragmented, isolated, and modified. Species residing in urban areas face novel challenges compared to conspecifics in undisturbed habitats. Animals in and around urban areas often modify behavior and space use to reduce anthropogenic disturbance. Further, populations may be isolated from other suitable habitats, potentially reducing opportunities to mate with non-related individuals. Although the consequences of urbanization have been extensively studied in birds and mammals, less is known about limited mobility animals, such as reptiles. Reptiles, specifically snakes are particularly vulnerable in urban areas because of their decreasing populations, …


Land Use Influences Along Elevation Gradient On Macroinvertebrate Communities, Brittany Sprout Jan 2020

Land Use Influences Along Elevation Gradient On Macroinvertebrate Communities, Brittany Sprout

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Land use activities have caused disturbances that affect the quality of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. How the influences of land use along an environmental gradient and the associated environmental variables that may influence stream diversity and function is unclear. We address these issues by studying biodiversity, abundance, and functional diversity of macroinvertebrates across different land types along a gradient in Colorado, USA. We also address how diversity may change along an elevation gradient by analyzing previously published macroinvertebrate research. We found evidence that land use and disturbance are stronger explanations of changes in macroinvertebrate communities, rather than elevation. Functional trait patterns …


Mechanistic Studies To Understand The Role Of Human Gut Microbiota In Colonization Resistance And Gut Health, Sudeep Ghimire Jan 2020

Mechanistic Studies To Understand The Role Of Human Gut Microbiota In Colonization Resistance And Gut Health, Sudeep Ghimire

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Human gut microbiota is comprised of thousands of species which fall into two major categories or “enterotypes” based on dominating bacteria: “Bacteroides” and “Prevotella”. Bacteroides enterotype dominates the microbiota of the western population because of a high protein and fat diet, whereas Prevotella enterotype is dominate in the gut of the eastern population because of a high carbohydrate diet. While most of the microbiota studies focused on the Bacteroides enterotype using both metagenomics and culturomics, Prevotella enterotype is understudied, especially in the field of culturomics. The structure of the Prevotella dominated gut microbiome is revealed by …


Identification And Genomic Characterization Of Candidate Starch And Lactate Utilizing Bacteria From The Rumen Of Beef Cattle, Venkata Bandarupalli Jan 2020

Identification And Genomic Characterization Of Candidate Starch And Lactate Utilizing Bacteria From The Rumen Of Beef Cattle, Venkata Bandarupalli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The rumen functions as an anaerobic fermentation chamber where microbial communities ferment feedstuffs into SCFAs. These SCFAs are critical to the ruminant host since they fulfill 70% of its energy requirements. In intensive management systems, ruminants are fed with grain-rich diets, which contain high levels of starch that help meet the energy demands of high producing animals. When grain-based diets are fed to ruminants, ruminal amylolytic and lactate metabolizing bacteria predominate. Grain overload can cause rapid production and accumulation of lactate, resulting in proliferation of amylolytic bacteria and death of lactate metabolizing bacteria. Consequently, high lactate levels result in a …


Hydro-Climatic Dynamics Of Lake Watershed Systems In A Changing Climate, Mussie Tekie Beyene Dec 2019

Hydro-Climatic Dynamics Of Lake Watershed Systems In A Changing Climate, Mussie Tekie Beyene

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the northern hemisphere, winter climate conditions are showing dramatic year-to-year swings. To date, implications of a changing winter climate pattern on individual or regional lakes are poorly understood, particularly in cold regions where seasonal ice appears on lake surfaces. This dissertation investigates the significance of yearly winter climate condition on the health and function of freezing lakes by modeling and characterizing the response of lake ice phenology (and related socio-ecological systems) to winter weather-climate variability. In Chapter 2, several case studies on winter limnology are reviewed to develop a tentative socio-ecological framework that demonstrates the local and regional implications …


Between Earth And Sky: Crafting An Architecture Of Presence, Holly-Lynn Tedder Dec 2019

Between Earth And Sky: Crafting An Architecture Of Presence, Holly-Lynn Tedder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A duality exists within the experience of architecture. For many years, architects have privileged the intellectual or conceptual dimensions of design over the haptic experience of architecture, compounding a split between mind and body within our highly technologized society. We need an architecture that brings us back to the present moment. By uniting haptic experience with intellectual understanding of place, an Architecture of Presence can create a complete human experience. Explored through the design of an ecological research field laboratory in Shelby Forest, thoughtful crafting of spatial experience using material and light, modulated by contrast, leads to increased awareness and …