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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
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Normative Democratic Deliberation And The Role Of Argumentation In The Canadian Mandatory Minimum Sentence Debate, Caitlin Sivell
Normative Democratic Deliberation And The Role Of Argumentation In The Canadian Mandatory Minimum Sentence Debate, Caitlin Sivell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This paper explores the role of argumentation within the debates on Bill C-10, the Safe Streets and Communities Act, that came into force in 2012. Through examining Hansard transcripts, this paper aims to investigate how argumentation on mandatory minimums was utilized in this political decision making setting to legitimize and accomplish this policy initiative. I draw upon the concepts of normative democratic deliberation, new right ideology and the punitive turn to explore the Harper government’s use of argumentation strategies and discuss their implications for the Canadian political process and the current direction of the administration of justice in Canada. This …
Standing In The Intersection : Using Photovoice To Understand The Lived Experience Of Black Gay College Students Attending Predominantly White Postsecondary Institutions., Erica Caton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The intersection of multiple oppressed identities is characterized by the compounded effects of victimization, intimidation and continued marginalization by dominant culture groups in society. Despite a growing body of knowledge about the individual experiences of racial and sexual minorities, there remains a lack of understanding of the unique life experiences of individuals with intersecting oppressed identities, specifically Black gay youth. Failure or inability to recognize, understand and take action in response to the needs of Black gay youth in college, perpetuates a culture of oppression that compromises the physical and mental well-being, and the academic success of these students. Engaging …
Stories Of The Trenton Six: Race And The Early Cold War In America, 1948 - 1953, Harry Roger Young
Stories Of The Trenton Six: Race And The Early Cold War In America, 1948 - 1953, Harry Roger Young
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation reveals the complex post war world, in the emerging Cold War era, with the intersecting disputed worlds of race and ideology through the lens of the Trenton Six case. It provides the reader with a glimpse of one city's story, but it enveloped the entire nation; as Americans attempted to make sense of their chaotic and complicated world, prior to the 1960s civil rights movement. This study explores the problem of race in the criminal justice system. Even as racial attitudes were liberalizing in the post war world, race still pervaded criminal justice proceedings in subtle and unsubtle …
The Effects Of Gender, Race, And Age On Judicial Sentencing Decisions, April Miller
The Effects Of Gender, Race, And Age On Judicial Sentencing Decisions, April Miller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has found significant effects of gender, race, and age on sentencing decisions made by state and local court judges (e.g. Johnson, 2003; Mustard, 2001; Steffensmeier, Ulmer, & Kramer, 1998). The current study used criminal district court data from two counties in western North Carolina to further research of the effects of the aforementioned variables on sentencing. Using knowledge acquired from past studies, the hypotheses for the current study asserted that younger offenders, male offenders, and nonwhite offenders would be more likely to be found guilty of their offense and receive fines than their respective offender counterparts. The results …
"What Role We, As Negro Youth Of America, Could Play" : A New History Of The Louisville Naacp Youth, 1937-1955., Alexis Monique Johnson
"What Role We, As Negro Youth Of America, Could Play" : A New History Of The Louisville Naacp Youth, 1937-1955., Alexis Monique Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Utilizing the archival Papers of the NAACP, The Louisville Leader, and The Crisis, this thesis narrates the history of the youth arm of the NAACP in Louisville, Kentucky, from 1937 until 1955, previously undocumented in the written record. First organized in September 1937, the Louisville NAACP Youth Council, alongside the college chapter at Louisville Municipal College, sponsored an anti-lynching campaign in 1938. The Youth Council also attended the 29th annual NAACP conference in 1938, and sent a delegate to the National Anti-War Youth Congress in 1939. These activities were situated in a historical moment that saw the proliferation of interracial …
Examining Macro-Level Correlates Of Farm Equipment Theft : A Test Of Routine Activity Theory And Social Disorganization Theory., Dustin Lee Osborne
Examining Macro-Level Correlates Of Farm Equipment Theft : A Test Of Routine Activity Theory And Social Disorganization Theory., Dustin Lee Osborne
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores the potential for routine activity theory and social disorganization theory to explain incidence of farm equipment theft at the county level. Relatively few attempts have been made to discern the factors that contribute to such theft. Most are relatively dated, and all focus upon the relationship between victimization risk and the characteristics of individual farms. Accordingly, the current study represents the first attempt to examine the influence of macro-level processes and characteristics upon the problem. Data are gathered for 306 counties housed within four Southeastern States. Counts of farm equipment theft are collected from the 2011-2012 iterations …
Doing Time By Conceiving Space : The Rhetorical Cartographies Of Imprisoned Writers., Benjamin Bogart
Doing Time By Conceiving Space : The Rhetorical Cartographies Of Imprisoned Writers., Benjamin Bogart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation is a theoretical analysis of rhetorical constructions of identity as they are impacted by spatiality, with specific regard to the writing of incarcerated persons. It begins with an exploration of prison as “rhetorical space”—that is, the specific geography of communicative events, which includes both the material conditions of the environment as well as the cultural, abstracted conditions which offer persuasive potential. Proposing then a framework for analysis along these lines—a concept called “rhetorical cartography”—it then turns its attention, in the latter half, to analysis of actual texts authored by American prisoners. This dissertation is divided into four chapters, …
Youth Bullying: From Traditional Bullying Perpetration To Cyberbullying Perpetration And The Role Of Gender, Erica D. Sizemore
Youth Bullying: From Traditional Bullying Perpetration To Cyberbullying Perpetration And The Role Of Gender, Erica D. Sizemore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Youth bullying is a common form of youth violence; and recently, this behavior has diverged into two forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Bullying has typically occurred within the context of school; however, with the aid of electronic devices and the Internet, youth are now able to bully beyond the schoolyard. Cyberbullying is a transmutation of traditional bullying earmarked by anonymity, a lack of guardianship, and physical distance. Using data from the 2009-2010 Health Behaviors of School-aged Children survey, this study examines the relationship between traditional bullying perpetration and cyberbullying perpetration. Logistic regression analyses suggest a relationship exist between the two …
The Journey Of Hope On The Road To Resilience: Former Residents' Experiences In Child Care Facilities, Giavana F H Jones
The Journey Of Hope On The Road To Resilience: Former Residents' Experiences In Child Care Facilities, Giavana F H Jones
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
When children are placed in out-of-home care, they are spared from further dangers associated with their home life. However, due to a number of other risk factors, children placed in out-of-home care, as a group, have typically had less positive outcomes than their counterparts. Nevertheless, even in the presence of various challenges, there are individuals who are raised in out-of-home care who do excel and overcome their challenges. In this study, ten young adults, between the ages of 18-31, were engaged in interviews where they shared the good and bad experiences of living in child care facilities in The Bahamas …
The Role Of Gender On Perceptions Of Stalking And Harassment Behaviour Within Same And Cross-Sex Relationships: Evidence From University And Law Enforcement Samples, Heather Alison Finnegan
The Role Of Gender On Perceptions Of Stalking And Harassment Behaviour Within Same And Cross-Sex Relationships: Evidence From University And Law Enforcement Samples, Heather Alison Finnegan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Researchers investigating perceptions of stalking have enhanced understanding of the role of gender (i.e., perceived social roles based on sex) on subjective appraisals of harassment behaviour following the dissolution of a romantic relationship. According to data collected from student and community samples, a man harassing a woman (M-W) elicits greater recommendations for police intervention, as well as a tendency to anticipate more harm, than when the same behaviour is perpetrated by a woman against a man (W-M; Cass, 2008; Finnegan & Fritz, 2012; Phillips et al., 2004; Sheridan & Scott, 2010). Although cases of stalking often come to the attention …
Implementing The Ayers Case Settlement: A Multiple Case Study Of Three Historically Black Institutions In Mississippi, Lemondra V. Hamilton
Implementing The Ayers Case Settlement: A Multiple Case Study Of Three Historically Black Institutions In Mississippi, Lemondra V. Hamilton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The State of Mississippi operated a dual system of higher education for White and Black citizens. The inequitable funding of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) became the central issue in the Ayers lawsuit. The State of Mississippi agreed to pay $503 million for endowments and programs at the three public four-year HBCUs. The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand the impact of the Ayers case on state-supported HBCUs in Mississippi from a Critical Race Theory perspective. The research questions that guided this study: How has the history of higher education in Mississippi affected the way HBCUs …
“Nothing’S Come Easy For Me. Everything Is Hard”: A Secondary Analysis Of Interviews With Female Youth On Struggle And Resiliency, Darci Alicean Marie Thomson
“Nothing’S Come Easy For Me. Everything Is Hard”: A Secondary Analysis Of Interviews With Female Youth On Struggle And Resiliency, Darci Alicean Marie Thomson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Marginalized youth in Canada face a number of struggles, and some deal with multiple risks associated with criminalization. Despite this, most do not come into conflict with the law. This thesis examines how female youth who avoid criminalization understand their experiences through a secondary analysis of depth interviews conducted in 2005 and 2006 on youth violence and other risks associated with criminalization. Drawing upon feminist pathways theory, thematic analysis and theorizing on the narrated self, the thesis explores internal and external resources salient to the young women's journey towards resiliency and responsible adulthood.
Social Disorganization, Extra-Curricular Activities, And Delinquency, Robyn G. Dougherty Ms.
Social Disorganization, Extra-Curricular Activities, And Delinquency, Robyn G. Dougherty Ms.
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neighborhood social disorganization has been found to be related to crime and deviance. In explaining this relationship, most have focused on specific factors of informal social control and collective efficacy. Using data from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (n = 12,800), the relationship between social disorganization and delinquent outcomes was examined by looking at extra-curricular activities as intervening mechanisms with logistic regression in SPSS. While the effect of social disorganization on delinquency remained significant, results indicated some evidence of mediation when accounting for extra-curricular activity measures predicting binge drinking. Specifically, the coefficient for social disorganization was …
Development Of A Surrogate Bruising Detection System To Describe Potential Bruising Patterns Associated With Common Childhood Falls., Raymond Dsouza
Development Of A Surrogate Bruising Detection System To Describe Potential Bruising Patterns Associated With Common Childhood Falls., Raymond Dsouza
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Child abuse is a leading cause of fatality in children aged 0-4 years. An estimated 1,700 children die annually as a result of child abuse of which threequarters (75.7%) of the children were younger than 4 years old1. Infants (younger than 1 year) had the highest rate of fatalities among the group. Many of the serious injuries and fatalities could have potentially been prevented if clinicians and child protective services were able to better distinguish between injuries associated with abuse versus those caused by accidents. Missed cases of child abuse have been shown to be as high as 71% of …
Examining The Relationship Between Childhood Victimization, Health Risk Behaviors, And Adult Physical Health Outcomes Among Women On Probation And Parole., Tanya R. Renn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aims to begin to identify and describe the pathways through which childhood victimization negatively affects adult physical health. In particular, the proposed research will examine the relationship among childhood victimization, health risk behaviors and adult physical health in a population of criminal justice involved women. Previous research has depicted a relationship between childhood victimization, and physical health outcomes, but there is scant research that examines why this relationship exist. Among the most frequent health risk behaviors are alcoholism, smoking, illicit drug use and sexual risk behaviors. Health risk behaviors are highly intertwined with the bio-psycho-social factors that result …
The Effects Of Cumulative Victimization On Psychological Distress., Amanda Dishon Brown
The Effects Of Cumulative Victimization On Psychological Distress., Amanda Dishon Brown
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Justice-involved women experience significantly higher rates of victimization and psychological distress when compared to the general population. While both childhood victimization and adult Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) both directly contribute to psychological distress, scant research examines the effects of cumulative victimization (both child and adult IPV) across a woman’s lifetime on psychological distress. Additionally, a gap in the literature is the investigation of behavior specific mechanisms (self-esteem, social support, coping, and substance use) that may mediate the relationship between victimization and psychological distress. As such, the primary aim of this dissertation was to explore the relationship between cumulative victimization (childhood …
Modeling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Victimized Women On Probation And Parole : Examining The Impact Of Childhood Victimization., Katherine M. E. Winham
Modeling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Victimized Women On Probation And Parole : Examining The Impact Of Childhood Victimization., Katherine M. E. Winham
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Women are the fastest growing segment of the criminal justice population in the United States (Minton, 2013; Pew Center on the States, 2009). Research is needed to understand Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among women involved with the criminal justice system to inform prevention and rehabilitation efforts. Despite findings suggesting that a mental health diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among women in this population (Lynch, DeHart, Belknap, & Green, 2012; Salina, Lesondak, Razzano, & Weilbaecher, 2007), little research has examined the presence of this disorder among women involved with the criminal justice system with experiences of childhood victimization. …
The Effects Of Real-Time Visual Performance Feedback On Teacher Feedback., Chris A. Sweigart
The Effects Of Real-Time Visual Performance Feedback On Teacher Feedback., Chris A. Sweigart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have identified a number of instructional strategies as evidence-based for improving the academic and behavioral outcomes of students. However, teachers often do not employ these practices or rarely implement them at recommended rates, perpetuating a research-to-practice gap. Further, research has demonstrated that traditional professional development is often insufficient to change teacher practice; therefore, researchers have explored a number of interventions to supplement teacher training. Performance feedback is one such method that has a growing base of empirical evidence. This study explored the effects of visual performance feedback (VPF) delivered in real-time using screen sharing technology on a discrete teacher …
Racial Profiling : Using Propensity Score Matching To Examine Focal Concerns Theory., Anthony Gennaro Vito
Racial Profiling : Using Propensity Score Matching To Examine Focal Concerns Theory., Anthony Gennaro Vito
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines traffic stops by the Louisville Police Department between January 1 and December 31, 2002 to see if racial profiling was evident. Focal concerns theory is tested as a theoretical explanation for racial profiling. The method of statistical analysis used is propensity score matching. The analysis examines all White and Black drivers, all White and Black male drivers, and all White and Black female drivers to see if there was evidence of racial profiling by the Louisville Police Department.
An Ethnographic Study Of Scrappers And Metal Thieves., Benjamin Fred Stickle
An Ethnographic Study Of Scrappers And Metal Thieves., Benjamin Fred Stickle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Metal theft is a crime that has significantly affected the U.S. in the last decade causing millions of dollars of damages and losses. However, little is known about its prevalence and harms to society. Moreover, even less is known about the individuals who are involved in metal theft. This lack of knowledge has hampered the ability of law enforcement, governments and individuals to prevent metal theft. The present study provides the first known qualitative examination of scrappers and metal thieves. Qualitative data is derived from participant observation and unstructured interviews with scrappers as well as metal thieves. The goals are …
Knocking On The Door : Police Decision Points In Executing Search Warrants., Brian Patrick Schaefer
Knocking On The Door : Police Decision Points In Executing Search Warrants., Brian Patrick Schaefer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research indicates that search warrants raids increased during the 1990s and continue to be a common enforcement tool for law enforcement. The extant literature does not provide a detailed understanding of why police departments are increasingly using search warrants and in particular why plainclothes detectives are conducting these raids at a higher rate. Furthermore, the research does not provide an understanding for how search warrants are secured and executed by police departments. This research examines the social constructions detectives use to justify and carry out the various stages of the search warrant process. Ethnographic research was used to observe 73 …
Another Collateral Consequence? : Examining Homeless Shelters Policies On Sex Offenders Across Four States., Shawn M. Rolfe
Another Collateral Consequence? : Examining Homeless Shelters Policies On Sex Offenders Across Four States., Shawn M. Rolfe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary focus throughout the literature regarding sex offenders has been on the efficacy and collateral damage of sex offender laws such as Sex Offender Registration and Notification (SORN) and residency restrictions. However, there is a lack in scholarship regarding transient sex offenders. The current research examines homeless shelter’s policies on permitting sex offenders to use their services in Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. Previous research has found that sex offenders face reoccurring obstacles throughout the reintegration process, which has affected their ability to find suitable housing, employment and social support. The author explored homeless shelters’ policies and whether or …
The Process Of Curating Trace Of A Body : Creating Relationships And Building Experiences., Bailey Marie Mazik 1990-
The Process Of Curating Trace Of A Body : Creating Relationships And Building Experiences., Bailey Marie Mazik 1990-
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As the title suggests, this document details the course of curating an exhibition titled Trace of a Body and addresses larger themes of curating contemporary art. During spring semester 2015 the entire researching, planning, and implementation of the exhibition portion of this Master’s thesis project took place. Trace of a Body was exhibited from March 12, 2015 – April 5, 2015 in Gallery X, Schneider Hall, Hite Art Institute, University of Louisville. The exhibition was a monographic show of work by Chris Radtke, a prominent contemporary artist working in Louisville, KY. It was a great opportunity to bring together the …
Judges' Perceptions Of Sex Offender Registration, Community Notification, And Residency Restrictions., Lauren Nicole Lennon
Judges' Perceptions Of Sex Offender Registration, Community Notification, And Residency Restrictions., Lauren Nicole Lennon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is a meager amount of literature available on how criminal justice system actors perceive the range of sex offender registration and community notification (SORN) policies and their effectiveness, as well as sex offenders themselves. To date, only one study has been done on judges regarding their attitudes toward sexual offenders by Bumby and Maddox (1999). However, a study has not been completed in regard to judges’ perceptions of SORN and its efficacy in addition to their views on residency restrictions. The following study tries to expand the literature available and examines the perceptions of judges concerning SORN, residency restrictions, …
Capital? Child Rape : Does Public Opinion Support The Use Of The Death Penalty On Child Rapists?, Charlene Kaye Chudacoff 1987-
Capital? Child Rape : Does Public Opinion Support The Use Of The Death Penalty On Child Rapists?, Charlene Kaye Chudacoff 1987-
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For many years scholars have quested to determine public support for the death penalty while achieving varying degrees of accuracy. Some studies have asked respondents to rate their level of agreement with the imposition of the death penalty for the crime of murder while others simply ask respondents if they agree with the use of the death penalty at all. The purpose of this thesis is to challenge oversimplification of death penalty polls while testing citizens’ willingness to impose the death penalty for the crime of child rape. Two surveys were administered, one survey with statements of five different crimes …
Assessing Victim Blame: Intersections Of Rape Victim Race, Gender, And Ethnicity, Kirsten A. Piatak
Assessing Victim Blame: Intersections Of Rape Victim Race, Gender, And Ethnicity, Kirsten A. Piatak
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current study sought to assess the impact of the race, gender, and ethnicity of rape victims on college students’ propensity to assign culpability to victims. Using a sample of college students (n=279) from a mid-sized Southeastern university, respondents were given a set of six different vignettes, varying only by victim characteristics. These vignettes featured alcohol-facilitated sexual assault between acquaintances, a common occurrence in college environments. Respondents were asked to evaluate the culpability of the victim through a blameworthiness scale. Through the incorporation of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, this study also measured the respondents’ propensity to assign blame …
The Impact Of Victimization On The Disabled., Derek James Allen
The Impact Of Victimization On The Disabled., Derek James Allen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To date victimizations amongst the disabled has been researched, but the literature tends to group these victimizations amongst disabled as a whole. This research is also limited for this particular population and this review tries to outline, expand, and attempts to explain improvements for research by identifying the disabled into specific groups rather than all as one group. For example, individualizing policies and research for the blind specifically or any disability in an individualized approach. In the following an intensive online search of literature regarding different victimizations rates, types of disabilities and correlative victimizations, and the relationship these disabled individuals …
Support Partners Of Registered Sex Offenders : Exploring Their Experiences, Identities, And Perceptions., David Patrick Connor
Support Partners Of Registered Sex Offenders : Exploring Their Experiences, Identities, And Perceptions., David Patrick Connor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Although it is widely recognized that many convicted criminal offenders experience considerable setbacks in communities that make their lives more arduous, registered sex offenders (RSOs) who live in American society arguably face more challenging impediments. As a result, ensuring their access to social support is especially salient. The notion that social support is particularly relevant to RSOs is perhaps best manifested through a common feature of community-based sex offender treatment programs, where participating RSOs are obligated to forge social relationships with primary support partners. These individuals are an important population to examine, as they purportedly play important roles with respect …
Sex Offenses At Protestant Christian Churches : A Typology And Examination Using Social Disorganization Theory., Andrew Stephen Denney
Sex Offenses At Protestant Christian Churches : A Typology And Examination Using Social Disorganization Theory., Andrew Stephen Denney
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this study is two-fold. First, using data obtained via content analyses of published news articles, this study examines sexual offenses that have occurred at or through activities provided by Protestant Christian churches in the US. Drawing upon 326 identified cases spanning from 1999 until 2014, this study aims to explore common offense, offender, and victim characteristics of sex offenses that occur at these locations. Moreover, this study aims to create a typology of offenders and victims at or through activities provided by Protestant Christian churches. Second, using the data from the content analyses and social disorganization measures …
From Under-Diagnosis To Over-Representation: Black Children, Adhd, And The School-To-Prison Pipeline, Myles Daniel Moody
From Under-Diagnosis To Over-Representation: Black Children, Adhd, And The School-To-Prison Pipeline, Myles Daniel Moody
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis argues that the under-diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) in black children is a result of racism that is structurally and institutionally embedded within school policing policies, and the tendency to not recognize black illness. The purpose of this research is to examine how micro-processes lead to structural inequality within education for black children. It seeks to better understand how institutionalized racism and flawed behavioral ascriptions lead to the under-diagnosis of ADHD in black children, and how that may also lead to their over-representation in the school-to-prison pipeline. The goal of this study was to collect ethnographic, …