Digital Commons Network^™

Promoting Academic Talent Development In Adolescents: Protective Factors And Linkages To Summer Program Participation, Kelly L. Kearney

Doctoral Dissertations

Special summer programs are considered a popular service-delivery approach to bolster the talent development of all students. This study seeks to explore protective factors that influence high-ability students’ talent development. Factors influencing the talent development of high-ability students are understudied, often in favor of researching underachievement and resilience.

Because very little research seeks the perceptions of these students in their own words, this study used a grounded theory approach to explore 54 students’ perceptions of their own talent development within the context of a residential, inquiry-based summer program for high-ability adolescents. Responses across all parts of the study revealed three …

Ellipsis Of Arguments: Its Acquisition And Theoretical Implications, Koichi Ohtaki

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the acquisition of Argument Ellipsis (AE). In Chapter 2, I discuss two theoretical approaches to the cross-linguistic distribution/acquisition of AE, namely, the Scrambling Analysis (Oku 1998) and the Anti-agreement Analysis (Saito 2007), and show that neither can be maintained, based on the facts from cross-linguistic distribution of AE and learnability considerations. Then, I propose that the cross-linguistic distribution/acquisition of AE are best accounted for by the morphology of extended nominal projections such as case and number. More specifically, it is argued that only languages that exhibit non-fusional, agglutinating (case) morphology allow AE. This proposal correctly explains the …

Body, Gender, And Nation: Women Fiction Writers Of Spanish American Modernismo [Mujer, Cuerpo Y Nación: Las Narradoras Del Modernismo], Chantal Berthet

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines a group of modernista women writers who are closely associated with the tradition of the nineteenth-century Latin American “foundational fiction” novel. I suggest that their works function as national allegories in the sense that they are integral to the debates on modernity at the beginning of the twentieth century. I discuss the continuity of this “foundational fictions” tradition within a different framework, modernismo, an aesthetic that is sometimes erroneously stereotyped as “apolitical” or “escapist.” By highlighting the peculiarities of the dialogue established between discourses of nation and the modernismo practiced by these authors, I show that …

Bidirectional Associations Between Parenting Behavior And Child Callous-Unemotional Traits: Do Delinquent Peer Affiliations And/Or Parental Psychopathology Moderate These Links?, Amber Rochelle Wimsatt

Doctoral Dissertations

The current study examined bidirectional associations between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and parenting dimensions and evaluated whether these associations changed as children aged. Furthermore, this study extended the literature by examining whether these relations were moderated by delinquent peer affiliation and/or parental depression. Proposed relations were examined using a longitudinal sample of 120 aggressive boys (59.6%) and girls (40.4%) who were in the 4^th grade (M = 10.56 years, SD = .56) at baseline and were followed over four years. A series of generalized estimating equation [GEE] models revealed reciprocal relations between CU traits and corporal punishment. Consistent with …

Stress And Resilience: The Negative And Positive Aspects Of Being An Asian American Lesbian Or Bisexual Woman, Mi Ra Sung

Doctoral Dissertations

Despite the richness of the literature about minority stress and negative psychological outcomes and growing attention on lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) people of color, few studies have examined the intersection of multiple identities of Asian American lesbian and bisexual women (AA LBW). Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the experiences of 50 AA LBW. More specifically, this study explored challenges, coping strategies, and positive aspects of being an AA LBW through the lens of intersectionality. Qualitative analyses revealed three overarching domains concerning day-to-day challenges faced by AA LBW: living as AA sexual minority women …

Assessing Motives For Consensual Sex: Development Of The Sexual Motives Questionnaire, Vanessa Tirone

Doctoral Dissertations

The present study describes the development and preliminary validation of the Sexual Motives Questionnaire (SMQ), a measure of motives for consensual sex. The measure is informed two dispositional theories, functional theory and self-construal theories, which suggest that individuals are motivated to engage in behavior due to approach/avoidance and independent/interdependent tendencies, respectively. Items were also selected to reflect sexual scripts and fear of sexual and physical violence. A total of 81 items was administered to 920 undergraduates. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted utilizing the 821 participants with complete data. The final sample was predominately heterosexual (96%) and Caucasian (83%) with a …

Enhancement Of Chronically-Induced Breast Carcinogenesis By Combined Environmental And Dietary Carcinogens And Suppression By Dietary Agents, Lenora A. Pluchino

Doctoral Dissertations

Most breast cancers occur sporadically due to long-term exposure to low-dose carcinogens present in our environment and diet. American lifestyles involve frequent exposures to smoke, polluted air, and high temperature-cooked meats comprising multiple carcinogens, such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), benzo[α[alpha]]pyrene (B[α[alpha]]P), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). To investigate whether these carcinogens may act together to enhance breast cell carcinogenesis, we used our chronically-induced breast cell carcinogenesis model wherein we repeatedly expose non-cancerous human breast epithelial MCF10A cells to physiologically-achievable doses of carcinogens to progressively induce cellular acquisition of cancer-associated properties including reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage-independent growth, increased cell proliferation, migration and …

From Foraging To Food Production On The Southern Cumberland Plateau Of Alabama And Tennessee, U.S.A., Stephen Byrnes Carmody

Doctoral Dissertations

Research involving the origin of plant domestication remains as important today as ever. While early anthropologists viewed plant domestication as a necessary precondition for cultural development, more recent ethnographic studies have shown that agriculture was a much more labor intensive subsistence practice than hunting and gathering, leading many to question the reasons behind the prehistoric transition. Today, research and advances in technology have provided conclusive evidence to include the Eastern Woodlands of North America as one of the eight global centers of indigenous plant domestication. Although the timing of domestication and the plants involved in early horticultural systems are well …

Calcium And Leucine Modulation Of Airway Inflammation, Patricia Louise Brown

Doctoral Dissertations

Over the past several decades the prevalence of obesity and asthma have increased in a parallel fashion. Recent studies reported a positive relationship between the two disorders that may in fact be causal. Although the link between obesity and asthma has become widely recognized, the underlying pathophysiological connection is not elucidated. Increased markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress are present in obesity and asthma suggesting the link is immunological. The systemic inflammation observed in obesity may potentially initiate adverse affects in the airways. Previous studies have shown that consumption of dairy foods (rich in calcium and leucine) suppress 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) …

Using Mindful Self-Compassion To Improve Self-Criticism, Self-Soothing, Cravings, And Relapse In Substance Abusers In An Intensive Outpatient Program, Sarah Elizabeth Gilbert

Doctoral Dissertations

Applying mindfulness techniques to the treatment of substance use disorders is relatively new; however, initial studies show promising results (e.g. Bowen et al., 2009; Witkiewitz & Bowen, 2010). Similarly, treatment-seeking substance users may find benefits in treatments that increase levels of self-compassion, a construct that uses mindfulness and allows awareness of personal faults (e.g. relapses) without becoming paralyzed by shame. Instead, individuals who are compassionate toward their failures are more likely to take healthy steps to address them (Leary, Tate, Adams, Allen, & Hancock, 2007). This study added a brief self-compassion group treatment to an existing Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) …

Smoking-Related Fires And The Impact Of The Fire Standard Compliant Legislation In The States, Christopher Adam Shults

Doctoral Dissertations

Smoking material fires are the leading cause of residential fire deaths and the third leading cause of residential fire injuries. Cigarettes are the primary source of ignition in smoking material fires. Several policies and regulations have attempted to mitigate the risks associated with smoking cigarettes. This study specifically examines the impact of the states’ fire standard compliant legislation as it relates to smokingrelated residential civilian fire deaths, civilian fire injuries, and fire incidents. To test the impact of the states’ FSC policy, panel data for all 50 states from 2005 through 2012 are analyzed using a feasible generalized least squares …

Development Of An Instrument Of Learning Strategies For Upper Elementary School Students, Mijoo Lee

Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this study was to develop a self-report inventory of learning strategies for use with elementary school students. A review of previous research on learning strategies was conducted in order to establish how this concept is defined and what is known about learning strategies. A review of existing instruments on learning strategies was also conducted. This review indicated a need for a reliable and valid instrument that is appropriate for elementary school children. Through a critical synthesis of previous research, a new learning-strategy assessment instrument was constructed, titled a Scale of Learning Strategies for Upper Elementary School Students …

Relationship Quality, Individual Wellbeing, And Gender – A Series Of Longitudinal Studies, Patricia Nola Eugene Roberson

Doctoral Dissertations

Using multiple theories, three studies examined the association between relationship quality, individual wellbeing (e.g., psychological distress), and gender across multiple time points. In Study 1 applied life course theory concepts (e.g., roles, role configurations, role trajectories) and second order latent class analyses were then conducted. Using four relationship role trajectories were identified from these analyses. Relationship role trajectories differed on wellbeing, wherein individuals in stable marriages with higher satisfaction consistently reported greater wellbeing (i.e., lower depression and higher life satisfaction).

Study 2 sought to determine the direction of the association between individual wellbeing and relationship quality. This study specifically examined …

Living With Hypertension: Experiences Of Black Men Related To Their Perceptions Of The Clinical Encounter At Diagnosis, Glenda Mccartney Feild

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: In the U.S., hypertension (HTN) is the most common primary diagnosis and HTN related illnesses are the number one cause of death. Being a member of the Black population increases the risk for developing HTN. Black males are reported to develop HTN earlier in life and have a high incidence of undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled HTN. Sociocultural and gender barriers influence this population’s perceptions of medical experiences, which affects their participation in health-promoting behaviors such as eating a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol consumption, and decreasing stress.

Purpose: The purpose of this study …

"I Saved The Iguana": A Mixed Methods Study Examining Responder Mental Health After Major Disasters And Humanitarian Relief Events, Suzanne Marie Boswell

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this mixed methods study was twofold. The first was to use Hobfoll’s (1989) Conservation of Resources theory to predict psychological stress based on responders’ perceptions of resource adequacy. The second was to use qualitative interviewing to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the disaster/humanitarian responder experience.

The study is significant given the expanding role of nurses within disaster/humanitarian response organizations. Furthermore, psychological stress results in increased turnover of human resources in these organizations. This turnover is detrimental to humanitarian systems that already lack adequate coverage and sufficiency because funding and human/material resources grow at a slower pace …

Wearing Many Hats: Role Identity And Entrepreneurship Over Time, Blake Dustin Mathias

Doctoral Dissertations

In today’s organizational life, individuals wear many hats. These hats reflect the many roles and responsibilities individuals must take on throughout the course of their lives. These hats, or roles, help guide individuals toward what they should do in their organizations and how they should do it, and their corresponding role identities help define who they are. However, we know little about how and why role identity changes over time. Given that the research is clear that organizational members not only wear more hats in today’s challenging environment but that they also more frequently transition between these hats over time, …

Dissociation And Sexual Trauma: The Moderating Role Of Somatization, Amineh Abbas

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examined various types of trauma, with an emphasis on sexual trauma across the lifespan, in a clinical sample of male and female adult outpatients assessed for trauma, somatization, and dissociation. Two hundred forty-five adult outpatients at the University of Tennessee Psychological Clinic were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), as part of the routine intake procedure. Of those individuals, 200 patients completed the questionnaires correctly and were included in the final study sample. The experience of sexual trauma indeed accounted for additional variance in somatization scores over and above …

How Technology Interacts With Emerging Adulthood Psychosocial Developmental Tasks: An Examination Of Online Self-Presentation And Cell Phone Usage, Samantha Lynn Gray

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation outlines three distinct, yet interrelated, projects aimed at understanding the role of technology in relation to emerging adulthood developmental tasks: individuation & identity development. The first paper provides a context for understanding the developmental tasks of emerging adulthood, and the role that technology may serve in relation to those developmental tasks. This brief review of the literature on emerging adulthood developmental tasks provides a solid theoretical background and history for the theoretical premises proposed for the respective studies included in this dissertation. The second project is an empirical investigation that seeks to understand how the task of identity …

“It Was The Best Of Times, It Was The Worst Of Times:” The Lived Experience Of Childbearing From Survivors Of Sexual Abuse, Jenna Logiudice

Doctoral Dissertations

Archival abstract submitted

But They Mean To Do Right: Stories On African American Male Teachers, K. Jahi Adisa

Doctoral Dissertations

This collection of interrelated stories seeks to disrupt the prevailing narratives of African American men. These narratives are social constructions that categorizes African American men as either respectable (good) or unrespectable (bad). In these stories, I attempt to expand these narrow categories and explore other possibilities of African American manhood. Through my research and creative endeavors, I have sketched out male-spaces of dad, brother, and son as being fruitful areas where my characters and where actual male identity form. The Critical Preface analyzes the historical and current trends of African American identity formation in general and African American men’s in …

Exploring Coping Mediators Between Heterosexist Oppression And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual Persons, Kyle M. Bandermann

Doctoral Dissertations

Recently, scholars have begun to advocate that categories of traumatic events be expanded to include experiences that do not meet the traditional diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as oppression. Our study builds on this work by examining experiences with two kinds of heterosexist oppression, one that meets the traditional diagnostic criteria for PTSD (i.e., sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization) and one that does not (i.e., heterosexist discrimination), as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a sample of 427 gay, lesbian and bisexual persons who responded to an online survey. In addition, we examined the mediating roles of coping …

An Examination Of The Role Of Gender In Understanding Faculty Perceptions Of Student-Athletes At Ncaa Division I Institutions, Jana Thomas Spitzer

Doctoral Dissertations

Previous research has indicated that faculty hold negative perceptions toward male student-athletes. Studies have shown that faculty perceptions are most negative when the student-athlete competed at an NCAA Division I institution, in a high-profile sport, and was non-White. What remained unknown was the role of gender in understanding faculty perceptions of student-athletes. The current study considered this gap in the literature and determined if the gender of the student-athlete, the gender of the faculty member, or other characteristics of the faculty member influenced perceptions of male or female student-athletes. The study utilized the Situational Attitudes Scale (SAS) to compare faculty …

The Effectiveness Of A Psychoeducational Intervention On Health Promoting Behaviors And Physical Health Of Adult Patients (18 And Over) On Antipsychotic Medications, Alice O. Mwanda

Doctoral Dissertations

Individuals on antipsychotic medications have been found to be disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity which increases their cardiometabolic risk. Psychoeducation has been found to be an effective strategy for risk reduction of cardiometabolic risks. This intervention examined the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention in adults (aged 18 and above) with severe mental illness. The four session, 8 week intervention encouraged an increase in fruit and vegetable intake and engagement in physical activity. The conceptual frameworks included the Health Promotion Model and Chronic Care Model. Outcome measures included nutrition, physical activity and health promoting behaviors. Biological outcomes included weight, BMI, …

Primary Care Assessment And Interventions To Improve Physical Activity Among Insufficiently Active Adults Ages 18 Through 64 Years Old, Thomas A. Sanchez

Doctoral Dissertations

A number of chronic and debilitating conditions such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, anxiety, depression, pain, osteoporosis, and falls are known to be delayed, improved, or prevented by increasing physical activity (PA) levels. The numbers of those affected form a substantial portion of the US population. As of 2011, for example, 26 million adults in the U.S. were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) alone. Another 79 million people had elevated blood glucose measurements putting them at risk for DM. Despite knowledge of the connection with chronic disease, PA levels are not consistently and quantitatively assessed during primary care office visits. …

School-Based Nurse Managed Health Centers, Sylvia J. Simons

Doctoral Dissertations

School-based health centers (SBHCs) are a directed approach for providing health services to students who may otherwise lack them. Over the past 40 years, the number of SBHCs has olved from targeting public health concerns to the development of a specific collaborative model of care that is responsive to the unique needs of children. The purpose of this project was to develop a sustainable model for the creation and implementation of a school-based nurse-managed health center (SB-NMHC) with the capacity to improve health access and quality, and to reduce cost, while also mitigating present and future health disparities within a …

Protecting The Skin Of Older Adults Through Surveillance And Pressure Ulcer Prevention Beginning In Emergency Services, Jennifer L. Zoeteman

Doctoral Dissertations

ED (emergency department) personnel are admitting to inpatient services increasing numbers of elderly clients who are at risk for skin breakdown. The ED environment is designed for short term care in response to emergent situations. Pressure related injuries originating in the ED lead to both physical suffering and financial burdens. Pressure relief strategies have been actively employed on an inpatient basis without translation to the ED environment. Evidence for best practice in PUP (pressure ulcer prevention) in the ED is not widely embraced. Prevention of PUs is primarily within the scope of nursing practice and amenable to improvements in the …

Perceptions Of Residential Elders Following Facilitated Advance Care Planning, Teresa M. Boersma

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this project was to explore the perceptions of residential elders following a facilitated advance care planning (ACP) conversation. While literature is available regarding ACP and advance directives (ADs), there is minimal knowledge of first hand experiences from those who complete ACP and live in a residential or retirement community. Five residents of a retirement community who participated in facilitated ACP conversations also participated in a focus group interview to explore their perceptions of facilitators of and barriers to ACP and completing an AD. The interview was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Then the transcript was reviewed for …

Use Of The Cope Intervention For Depressed Adolescents, Lindsey R. Jelsma

Doctoral Dissertations

Depression disorders often present during adolescence. Depression can lead to difficulties with relationships, problems in school, and associated high risk behaviors. The goal is to identify and treat depression as soon as possible. The purpose of this project is to implement a cognitive– behavioral based intervention called Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE) to depressed adolescents. Previously, the COPE program has been implemented in outpatient and school settings. This intervention was implemented to adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility were evaluated.

Twenty-five adolescents, majority female, ages 12-18 participated in this project. The participants completed all seven …

Manufacturing Coalition: Cooperation, Solidarity, And Sisterhood In The New York Women's Trade Union League, 1906-1919, Marybeth Poder

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines how the rhetorical postures of coalition within the meeting minutes, officers’ reports, and Annual Reports of the New York Women’s Trade Union League between 1906 and 1919 contributed to the League’s ability to overcome the many economic, cultural, ideological, and gender differences that acted as barriers to their unified action to improve the lives and working conditions of women wage earners. Within the Literature Review and Methodology section, I first explore the scholarly roots of my project in recent rhetorical and women’s historiographic endeavors as well as in the work of labor and feminist historians, and then …

The Effect Of Poor Maternal Nutrition On The Growth And Development Of Offspring, Maria L. Hoffman

Doctoral Dissertations

Poor maternal nutrition can have long lasting detrimental effects on offspring growth and development. Specifically, these offspring will exhibit increased carcass adiposity, reduced muscularity and altered growth rates resulting in animals that are less productive and yield a less desirable product for consumers. However, the mechanisms by which poor maternal nutrition alters offspring growth and development are not well understood. We hypothesized that maternal under- and over-nutrition will alter the expression of key genes and novel pathways involved in the development of muscle and adipose tissue of lambs at two early postnatal time points. To evaluate these hypotheses, pregnant sheep …