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Impact Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 On Secondary Market Ticket Price, Attendance Demand, And Fan’S Willingness To Pay: National Football League (Nfl), Yo Han Lee
Dissertations
This study explores how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected secondary market ticket prices, the number of attendees, and fans’ willingness to pay in the National Football League (NFL). The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the sport industry, affecting everything from the scheduling and delivery of games to the financial health of teams, leagues, and related businesses. One of the most visible impacts of the pandemic has been the suspension, delay, and cancellation of many sporting events, including entire seasons of some professional sport leagues. Sporting events require large gatherings of people in close proximity, which is precisely the opposite of …
A Current Wave Of Development: Examination Of Positive Youth Development And Identity In The Junior Lifeguard Program, Danielle Nicole Wong
A Current Wave Of Development: Examination Of Positive Youth Development And Identity In The Junior Lifeguard Program, Danielle Nicole Wong
Dissertations
The Junior Lifeguard (JG) Program is a youth ‘serious leisure’ summer program that teaches children between the ages of 9 to 17 years ocean safety and education (United States Lifesaving Association [USLA], 2022). Though the program has been anecdotally regarded as beneficial for youth, it has never been formally evaluated for aspects of Positive Youth Development (PYD). Positive Youth Development programs are considered successful if they efficiently provide the appropriate context for youth to enhance their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional skills (internal assets) with supportive individuals, or significant others, (external assets) to help guide them for life skills transfer, …
The Effects Of Puberty Blocking Treatment (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist) On Physical Activity And Reproductive Health In Young Female Rats, Brandon Creed Jones
The Effects Of Puberty Blocking Treatment (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist) On Physical Activity And Reproductive Health In Young Female Rats, Brandon Creed Jones
Dissertations
The number of adolescents identifying as transgender has been increasing with many transgender youth receiving treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) that suppresses sex hormone production (i.e., puberty blocker). Transgender individuals taking a GnRHa to block puberty have reported improved mental wellbeing, but the physiological impacts need to be examined. Purpose: To investigate the effects of puberty blocking treatment using GnRHa on physical activity, reproductive morphology, and reproductive function in young female rats. Methods: Four-week old female Sprague Dawley rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of the GnRHa triptorelin or saline as control. One group of rats was …
An Eye-Tracking Investigation Of Consumer’S Real-Time Behaviors In Professional Minor League Hockey, Alicia B. Romano
An Eye-Tracking Investigation Of Consumer’S Real-Time Behaviors In Professional Minor League Hockey, Alicia B. Romano
Dissertations
Minor league hockey provides a unique setting to investigate consumers’ marketingcontrolled activities in a natural environment. Consumers’ visual attention to sponsorship information has been shown to influence their explicit memory of sponsor brands and their purchase intentions. The current research builds on the sponsorship information processing framework of previous scholars by examining consumers’ real-time behaviors to sponsorship information in a natural setting. To analyze consumers’ behaviors at minor league hockey sporting events, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 16 participants. The qualitative data related to the patterns and observations of consumers’ visual attention behaviors. The quantitative data measured consumers’ …
Comparing Collegiate Coaches’ And Players’ Perceptions Of The Coaches’ Multicultural Competence, Lee Arakawa
Comparing Collegiate Coaches’ And Players’ Perceptions Of The Coaches’ Multicultural Competence, Lee Arakawa
Dissertations
The coaching effectiveness model developed by Horn (2008) describes cultural context as a backdrop that forms beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors displayed by sport coaches. Sue et al.’s (1992) multicultural competencies model stresses the value of awareness, knowledge, and skills used in all service fields to strengthen cross-cultural relationships. Therefore, multicultural competence has been identified from these models as a critical component of effective sport coaching. Despite the growing importance of multicultural competencies expressed by, and for, sport coaches (Mesquita et al., 2011; Santos et al., 2010), there remains limited understanding of how coaches obtain and apply multiculturally competent behaviors and …
Exploring Sex Differences In The Effect Of Cannabidiol On Physical Activity, Cognition, Psychological Wellbeing, And Inflammatory And Neural Health Biomarkers, Victoria Flores
Dissertations
Cannabidiol (CBD) is believed to improve physical and mental health in recreationally active men and women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological sex-related differences in physical activity, health-related fitness, mental and cognitive health, and biomarkers of inflammation and neural health before and after an 8-week CBD intervention. Participants (N =49; CBD Treatment Group (CG): n =24; Placebo Treatment Group (PG): n = 25; Females: n = 25; Males: n = 24; Males in CBD Group (CF-M): n = 12; Females in CBD Group (CG-F), n = 12; Males in Placebo Group (PG-M): n =12; Females in …
Career Development In Sport And Leisure: An Application Of Social Cognitive Career Theory, Nicole Sellars
Career Development In Sport And Leisure: An Application Of Social Cognitive Career Theory, Nicole Sellars
Dissertations
Utilizing Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent et al., 1994) this research aimed to determine perception differences related to sport and leisure management employment for undergraduate students in related degree programs with a specific focus on the minority groups of women and People of Color (POC). Given the lack of diversity in sport and leisure enrollment and employment (Adriaanse, 2016; Massengale & Lough, 2013; Shropshire, 2004; Vianden & Gregg, 2017), this research sought to explore whether gender and/or race were predictors of feelings of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, barriers, and supports. An electronic survey was distributed to sport and leisure management undergraduate …
Salary Discrimination In The Sports Labor Market: An Evidence From Major League Soccer, Hoyoon Jung
Salary Discrimination In The Sports Labor Market: An Evidence From Major League Soccer, Hoyoon Jung
Dissertations
Since Gary Becker’s (1971) discrimination theory, which provided the groundwork to investigate various forms of discrimination based on individuals’ demographic characteristics, wage discrimination has been a long-standing issue in labor economics and sport management. With this knowledge, it is of interest to examine whether sports labor markets offer equal financial opportunities. Although a growing body of literature has examined and uncovered evidence of pay discrimination in various sports settings, relatively little attention has been paid to Major League Soccer (MLS) because of its short history. In addition, there is a need to understand salary discrimination among superstars in MLS amid …
Physical Education Teacher Education: Curriculum, Philosophies, And Readiness For Induction, Collin Chandler Brooks
Physical Education Teacher Education: Curriculum, Philosophies, And Readiness For Induction, Collin Chandler Brooks
Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine preservice physical education teachers’ professional socialization experiences at one university and how these events prepared them for induction into the teaching profession. In study one, modifying curriculum mapping procedures provided by Britton et al. (2008), a curriculum map exercise was conducted using six sets of standards over 21 physical education teacher education (PETE) courses at PETE State University (PSU). Individual course maps and the program curriculum map were the primary data sources during this study. The data were analyzed using deductive content analysis (Sparkes & Smith, 2014). The number of times course …
An Empirical Study Of The Determinants Of Consumer Price Sensitivity For The Health And Fitness Club Industry, Lei Ouyang
Dissertations
Ouyang, Lei. An Empirical Study of the Determinants of Consumer Price Sensitivity forthe Health and Fitness Club Industry. Published Doctor of Philosophydissertation, University of Northern Colorado, 2020. The primary purpose of this study was to propose and test a general model todescribe the extent to which customer price sensitivity is influenced by perceived value, service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and switching costs. Additionally, the study also sought to examine if there is a significant difference in consumer price sensitivity among gender and household income groups. Finally, the study was designed to examine the congruency of the hypothesized model and …
The Psychological Foundations Of Corporate Social Responsibility In Recreational Sport Organizations: An Investigation Of Employee Functioning, Rammi Hazzaa
Dissertations
The importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been well documented in the mainstream management literature (e.g., Aguinis & Glavas, 2012; Turker, 2009). While CSR has been investigated in the sport management literature, it has been done almost exclusively from the macro-level perspective aiming to address questions about the implications of CSR for organizations and society (Babiak, 2010; Smith & Westerbeek, 2007). However, there has been little CSR-related research undertaken with regards to sport employees and the individual level of analysis (microlevel). As such, this study is guided by the general notion of the psychological foundations of CSR that explain …
Implementing Digital Media As A Pedagogical Tool In University Physical Activity Courses, Dannon G. Cox
Implementing Digital Media As A Pedagogical Tool In University Physical Activity Courses, Dannon G. Cox
Dissertations
Technological advancements have influenced the way we teach, learn, and communicate in education. Higher educational institutions must continually adapt to emerging technologies by implementing a variety of technologies such as photographs, audio, video, and an endless array of online platforms. Specifically, university physical activity programs, which have existed in higher educational institutions for over a century, are encouraged to incorporate digital media as a means to effectively and efficiently communicate a variety of content areas (Cardinal, 2017; Casey, Goodyear, & Armour, 2017; Tiernan, 2015). The purpose of this case study was to explore the implementation of digital media as a …
Exploring School Employee Physical Activity Behaviors And Perceptions, Ann Pulling Kuhn
Exploring School Employee Physical Activity Behaviors And Perceptions, Ann Pulling Kuhn
Dissertations
Employee involvement in physical activity (PA) while at school has been understudied and is relatively unknown (Chen & Gu, 2018; Hunt & Metzler, 2017). The purposes of this dissertation study were to (a) describe school employees’ PA behaviors while at school, and (b) explore school employees’ perceptions of the feasibility of school employee PA interventions found to be effective in published research. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used to collect school employee self-reported PA behaviors and district/school demographic information via an electronic survey from 488 school employees in northern Colorado. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, …
The Effects Of Kefir And Exercise On Immune Function And Gut Health, Peter Royal Smoak
The Effects Of Kefir And Exercise On Immune Function And Gut Health, Peter Royal Smoak
Dissertations
Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting society today, and the number of newly diagnosed cases increases every year. Unresolved inflammation is an important underlying cause of cancer and chronically elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are positively related to cancer incidence and progression. Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy can impair beneficial gut microbes that help to protect against pathogens and modulate immunity. Physical activity and exercise regimens improve chronic inflammation and gut microbes in cancer survivors but relatively few studies have explored the potential …
Give The Fans What They Want: A Market Segmentation Approach To Sport Fans’ Social Media Usage, Kerry Dale Fischer
Give The Fans What They Want: A Market Segmentation Approach To Sport Fans’ Social Media Usage, Kerry Dale Fischer
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to construct a model that segments fans of professional sport based on the type of social media platform they preferred to use as well as their social media usage motivations. In addition, the current study sought to investigate whether previously identified motives like escape and socialization, have transformed into more selfish motives such as narcissism. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used to collect data from fans of professional sport who specifically used social media to consume sport, resulting in a total sample size of 176. The online survey instrument was comprised of items …
Staff Conceptualization Of And Engagement With Diversity And Inclusion In Collegiate Recreation: A Multilevel Exploration, Erin Michelle Patchett
Staff Conceptualization Of And Engagement With Diversity And Inclusion In Collegiate Recreation: A Multilevel Exploration, Erin Michelle Patchett
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine how collegiate recreation professionals conceptualize and engage in diversity and inclusion efforts in their roles as well as what are the influences and perceived outcomes of that engagement. Informed by constructivist and critical paradigms, an instrumental case study design was utilized to collect data from one collegiate recreation organization. Data sources included interviews with 13 collegiate recreation professionals, observations, writing activities, document analysis, and a researcher journal. Thematic analysis was utilized to examine the data. Four main themes were identified: (a) complex layers of diversity and inclusion, (b) layers of influences, (c) …
Together We Move: Exploring Belonging, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction And Motivational Factors In A Socially Structured University Physical Activity Program, Jessica B. Kirby
Dissertations
Emerging adulthood is a critical developmental life stage for individuals to establish healthy behaviors that enhance wellbeing, including quality relationships and physical activity (PA) engagement. Institutions of higher education are positioned to influence and support the development of these developmental tasks in emerging adults enrolled on their respective campuses. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore experiences of belonging, basic psychological need satisfaction (BNS) in PAbased social relationships, and motives to participate in a socially structured PA program among emerging adults on a university campus. Participants: University students who participated in the Fitness Buddies (FB) program (n=10), …
Examining Relationships Of Social Media To Customer Equity Of The National Basketball Association, Jiyoung Park
Examining Relationships Of Social Media To Customer Equity Of The National Basketball Association, Jiyoung Park
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role Facebook plays in the sport management context, and to understand the relationship that exists between customer equity and social media, in a professional sport league in the U.S. While it is only one of many social media platforms, Facebook has over one billion users (Facebook, 2018) and it connects people with communities and similar interest groups such that it can enhance social relationships. Sport organizations should understand how social media can influence sport fans, and this can be examined by looking at the Facebook page of the National Basketball Association …
The Influence Of Participation In Socially Engaging Or Complex Physical Activities On Executive Function Among Older Adults, Lyndsie M. Koon
The Influence Of Participation In Socially Engaging Or Complex Physical Activities On Executive Function Among Older Adults, Lyndsie M. Koon
Dissertations
The preservation of cognitive function is of particular importance for the maintenance of independence and functional autonomy for older adults (Hertzog, Kramer, Wilson, & Lindenberger, 2008). Physical activity is a behavioral intervention that contributes to mental and physical health; it has also been found to promote cognitive function across a lifespan. Cognitive processes that assist with goal-directed behavior to successfully complete everyday tasks known as executive functions are susceptible to physical activity participation especially among youth, adolescent, and older adult populations. Various aspects of the physical activity context might help mediate improvements to executive function including the task complexity of …
Coaches’ Perceptions On The Sustainability Of Select Nonrevenue, Olympic Ncaa Sports As Viewed Through Stakeholder Theory, Dean M. Ekeren
Coaches’ Perceptions On The Sustainability Of Select Nonrevenue, Olympic Ncaa Sports As Viewed Through Stakeholder Theory, Dean M. Ekeren
Dissertations
In recent years, increasing revenues to the top NCAA athletic programs has accelerated an athletic “arms race” among universities, where coach salaries escalate, new facilities are built, existing facilities undergo massive renovations, and amenities and services are added for athletes, all to attract top recruits and new donors. Although sponsors and broadcast deals provide huge sources of revenue to these institutions, the majority of athletic departments rely on subsidies from the university to meet the increasing demands required to remain competitively relevant. Many stakeholder groups of intercollegiate athletics are becoming increasingly concerned that the financial pressures associated with sustaining the …
Fan Motives For Identifying With Professional Tennis Players, Alex Yakon Rondon-Azcarate
Fan Motives For Identifying With Professional Tennis Players, Alex Yakon Rondon-Azcarate
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine motivations used by tennis fans in identifying with professional tennis players and thereby developing fan loyalty and support. No prior work has focused on fan motivations toward individual players in an individual sport. This non-experimental study design used an online survey technique to solicit responses from adult tennis fans through a variety of tennis organizations, tennis clubs, tennis training facilities, and tennis websites and blogs. Surveys responses were solicited from January through February 2017. Of the original 460 total respondents, 28% (n = 101) reported having no favorite professional tennis player and …
Examining The Influence Of Modified Tennis Equipment On Young Players’ Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, And Intention To Participate In Tennis In The State Of Kuwait, Abdullah Akbar
Dissertations
Children’s sport needs to be designed in ways that is developmentally-appropriate to maximize the possibilities that participants will have positive experiences that will result in sustained interest and motivation. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to compare the impact of playing with modified or traditional tennis equipment on children’s perceptions of enjoyment, perceived competence, and intentions to continue participation in the sport of tennis in the State of Kuwait. Focus group interviews were used to understand children’s perceptions of their tennis experiences through the utilization of the modified and traditional tennis equipment. The quality of children’s skill acquisition was …
Barefoot Vs. Shod: Effects Of Trunk Loading And Body Mass Index On Walking Mechanics, Kevin D. Dames
Barefoot Vs. Shod: Effects Of Trunk Loading And Body Mass Index On Walking Mechanics, Kevin D. Dames
Dissertations
In this dissertation, the impacts of increased mass and footwear on walking mechanics and energetics were investigated. In the first study, non-obese individuals were asked to walk on a treadmill with added load to the trunk (~15% of body mass) and with and without shoes. Metabolic costs of walking increased ~12% with added load, but walking barefoot did not significantly change metabolic costs. Trunk loading increased knee and hip range of motion but failed to alter spatiotemporal measures. In study 2, non-obese individuals were asked to complete the same tasks, but this time they walked overground instead of on a …
A Qualitative Study Of Sport Event Volunteer Management, Janet Howes
A Qualitative Study Of Sport Event Volunteer Management, Janet Howes
Dissertations
The management of many events may involve the need for a number of people to staff various positions within an organization in order for the event to come to a productive conclusion. Many of these positions cannot be filled with paid employees as this would be too costly for the administration. Organizations may need to acquire volunteers to help run the events. Some of these positions may require a person to take on the role of manager and to supervise and train other volunteers. The sport event volunteer manager takes on the responsibility to coordinate and lead a sport event …
Effects Of Resistance Exercise Training On Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity, Keith B. Pfannenstiel
Effects Of Resistance Exercise Training On Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity, Keith B. Pfannenstiel
Dissertations
In recent decades cancer survivorship has steadily increased; however, the adverse side effects associated with chemotherapy treatment can diminish a patient’s overall quality of life. One of the most effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agents is doxorubicin (DOX). Though highly effective, its use is limited by a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. While it is known that exercise preconditioning with endurance training models provide a cardioprotective effect to DOX treatment, little focus has been placed on the effects of a resistance training (RT) model on DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a 12-week RT model …
Physical Education Teacher Education Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions About And Implementation Of Caring, Tanjian Liang
Physical Education Teacher Education Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions About And Implementation Of Caring, Tanjian Liang
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine physical education teacher education (PETE) teacher candidates’ perceptions about and implementation of caring during eight-week student teaching experiences. The specific research questions were: (a) How do caring teacher candidates perceive and define caring? and (b) How do caring teacher candidates implement caring behaviors throughout their eight-week student teaching assignments? In line with the research questions, a qualitative case study approach was used. Participants were two PETE caring physical education teacher candidates from the same program. Data sources included semi-structured interviews, informational conversational interviews, field notes, documents, and research journals. Data were analyzed …
Biomechanical Assessment Of Ertl And Burgess Transtibial Amputation Techniques, Abbie Elthea Ferris
Biomechanical Assessment Of Ertl And Burgess Transtibial Amputation Techniques, Abbie Elthea Ferris
Dissertations
In this dissertation, a model was developed to predict the inertial properties of the shank and foot of persons with TTA and functional differences between Ertl and Burgess amputees during curb negotiation and the sit-to-stand tasks were evaluated. The developed inertial model was able to predict the shank and foot segment mass, COM location, and MOI more accurately than using the intact limb inertial properties. Used as inputs into inverse dynamics equations, the general model predictions produced joint moments which were also similar to the subject-specific measures. Thus, this model is a better predictor than the current method of using …
The Meaning Of Physical Activity From The Perspective Of Indonesian Immigrant Youth, Caly Setiawan
The Meaning Of Physical Activity From The Perspective Of Indonesian Immigrant Youth, Caly Setiawan
Dissertations
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine what constitutes the experience of physical activity for Indonesian immigrant youth. Fifteen Indonesian young people aged 13 to 18 participated in the study. Data were collected through two sets of interviews. During the first set of interviews, data were gathered about physical activity experiences and the meanings that the youth ascribed to their participation. A second set of interviews were conducted to collect information about the participants’ strategies for engaging Indonesian immigrants in physical activity. Seven purposefully selected participants were the respondents in these interviews. Data were analyzed using a three …
Predicting Coaching Efficacy In National Collegiate Athletic Association Assistant Coaches: A Social Psychological Analysis Of Coaching Goals, Commitment, And Values, Brett Allen Nichols
Predicting Coaching Efficacy In National Collegiate Athletic Association Assistant Coaches: A Social Psychological Analysis Of Coaching Goals, Commitment, And Values, Brett Allen Nichols
Dissertations
Coaching is a complex undertaking and understanding what it takes to be an effective coach is important for coaches and researchers in the field of sport and exercise science. Horn’s (2008) heuristic model of coaching effectiveness organizes and summarizes the previously established relationships among predictors and outcomes of effective coaching. The purpose of this study was to examine the heart of Horn’s model, specifically examining coaching goals, coaching commitment, and coaching values with the five dimensions of coaching efficacy (Feltz et al., 1999; Myers et al., 2008). Using intercollegiate assistant coaches (N=740) this study demonstrated initial reliability and factorial validity …
Elementary Physical Educators’ Perspectives Of Curriculum And Instruction In The United States And Thailand, Udon Nampai
Elementary Physical Educators’ Perspectives Of Curriculum And Instruction In The United States And Thailand, Udon Nampai
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs, perspectives, and opinions of physical education (PE) teachers regarding PE curriculum (the content and teaching styles, the purpose of PE, and the potential improvements related to PE curriculum) at the elementary level by: (a) examining current curricular and instructional practices and perspectives of exemplary Thai PE teachers; and (b) examining curriculum development and instructional practices of current exemplary PE teachers in the United States (U.S.). The participants were eight exemplary PE teachers. A semi-structured interview design was utilized in order to gather information of participants’ perspectives. Each interview lasted approximately …