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How Do You Sound Design? Articulating Experiences And Cultures Via Listening, Stefano Delle Monache, Nicolas Misdariis, Elif Özcan, Daniel Hug, Sara Lenzi, Sandra Pauletto, Davide Rocchesso, Simone Spagnol
How Do You Sound Design? Articulating Experiences And Cultures Via Listening, Stefano Delle Monache, Nicolas Misdariis, Elif Özcan, Daniel Hug, Sara Lenzi, Sandra Pauletto, Davide Rocchesso, Simone Spagnol
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The SIG on Sound-Driven Design invites researchers and practitioners to delve into the multifaceted nature of sound, unraveling its physical, perceptual, emotional, and socio-technological dimensions, and contribute to the discovery and development of design methods and tools. In the sound-driven perspective, listening emerges as element that adds depth and richness to the design space, adding to the role of the senses in the experience of the form quality of products, services, and systems. We propose to reflect on the holistic and inclusive character of “sound-driven” as it combines the diverse sonic, experiential, technical, and cultural manifestations of sound with the …
Editorial: Language In Design, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Tania Allen, Sara Queen, Peter Lloyd
Editorial: Language In Design, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Tania Allen, Sara Queen, Peter Lloyd
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The role of language is central to the practice of designing, though our understanding of this role has evolved from more formal-language representations to more natural-language representations. Language plays a central and critical role in all aspects of design including: collaboration, problem understanding and framing, modelling, decision-making, creativity, and marketing. With textual data relating to design widely available, and recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), we are poised at an interesting stage in our understanding of the role of language in designing. The last few years have seen what is being called a Cambrian Explosion in large language models (LLMs) …
Identifying Problem Frames In Design Conversation, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah
Identifying Problem Frames In Design Conversation, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design thinking concepts such as framing, storytelling, and co-evolution, have been widely identified as part of design activity though generally have been evidenced from manual coding of design conversations and close reading of transcripts. The increase in easy-to-use computational linguistic methodologies provides an opportunity not only to validate these concepts, but compare them to other kinds of activity in large datasets. However, the process of systematically identifying such concepts in design conversation is not straightforward. In this paper we explore methods of linguistic analysis for revealing problem frames within design process transcripts. We find that frames can be identified through …
Design As An Agent Of Narratives: A Conceptual Framework And A First Exploration In The Context Of Inclusive Paediatric Mobility Design, Cara Shaw, Farnaz Nickpour
Design As An Agent Of Narratives: A Conceptual Framework And A First Exploration In The Context Of Inclusive Paediatric Mobility Design, Cara Shaw, Farnaz Nickpour
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Although much of human experience is qualitative, front-end design documentation typically defaults to quantification which can abstract, dilute or lose meaning and reasoning with regards to lived experiences. Narratives are a well-established channel for gathering rich qualitative insights around individual and collective experiences, perceptions and values. However, the potential to advance the role of design beyond simply an embodiment agent for dominant narratives - to an agent for uncovering, interrogating, speculating, and scaling a diversity of narrative ‘classes’ and ‘statuses’ - is yet to be fully explored. This paper proposes a conceptual framework positioning design as an agent of narratives …
Ai In Design Idea Development: A Workshop On Creativity And Human-Ai Collaboration, Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli
Ai In Design Idea Development: A Workshop On Creativity And Human-Ai Collaboration, Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In a fast-paced society, AI systems can prove to be reliable teammates alongside human agents during the early stages of the design process, capable of helping to manage the increasing complexity of projects. Therefore, the introduction of AI systems into the design process is analysed according to the implications on the designer’s creativity and the kind of human-AI collaboration that is established, highlighting trust balance and the new role played by the designer. The main aspects covered by the study were tested in a workshop, in which continuous and discontinuous human-AI collaboration were compared. In the case of continuous collaboration, …
Process Matters: From Car Owner Experiences To Automotive Design Proposals, Jiayu Wu, Dale Harrow, Katrine Hesseldahl, Samuel Johnson, Sheila Clark, Daniel Quinlan
Process Matters: From Car Owner Experiences To Automotive Design Proposals, Jiayu Wu, Dale Harrow, Katrine Hesseldahl, Samuel Johnson, Sheila Clark, Daniel Quinlan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Collecting and analysing user experiences, communicating discovered patterns, translating information into design proposals and materialising designed features is central to design driven research. This process immerses design teams into all aspects of users’ experiences, helping them empathise with and scrutinise every detail until designers own the experiences and produce design proposals addressing end users’ needs in unique ways leading to disruptive innovation. Design practice’s strength is crystallising solutions into visualised and interactive proposals, presenting in-depth details of the look, feel and emotions they stimulate, and assisting decision making in product, service and business innovations. Existing research focusses on early stage …
Healthcare Design Sprints: What Can Be Changed And Achieved In Five Days?, Mira Alhonsuo, Samantha Hookway, Melanie Sarantou, Satu Miettinen, Maarja Motus
Healthcare Design Sprints: What Can Be Changed And Achieved In Five Days?, Mira Alhonsuo, Samantha Hookway, Melanie Sarantou, Satu Miettinen, Maarja Motus
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper focuses on three design sprints aimed at co-designing healthcare services by employing service design methods and co-design approaches. The design sprints each lasted for 4–5 days, consisting of multiple teams and involving healthcare professionals, students, end-users, and facilitators from the service design field. The design sprints were examined to determine strengths and weaknesses in relation to health-related service development. The results highlight key insights from the three design sprints, which included learning and understanding through design methods, design thinking and dialogue and how these affected organisational culture and change. The findings, which are discussed in detail, include these …
Designing Six Dimensions Of Intercultural Teamwork: A Next-Gen Challenge In Co-Creation Processes, Kelly Murdoch-Kitt, Denielle J. Emans, Bruna Oewel
Designing Six Dimensions Of Intercultural Teamwork: A Next-Gen Challenge In Co-Creation Processes, Kelly Murdoch-Kitt, Denielle J. Emans, Bruna Oewel
DRS Biennial Conference Series
By examining remote collaboration as a design problem, this paper provides a rationale for the Six Dimensions of Intercultural Teamwork, a new framework to help teammates understand various differences such as how they build trust, exchange information, and cope with creative abrasion. Collaborative work intensifies when teammates are diverse in mindsets, cultural backgrounds, disciplines, and approaches to problems and projects. Stumbling blocks can also grow when teammates work remotely or are working with each other for the first time. Design processes can help remote teams improve the way they work together by introducing systemic thinking, promoting physical and iterative processes, …
Designer’S Emotions In The Design Process, Monica Biagioli, Silvia Grimaldi, Hena Ali
Designer’S Emotions In The Design Process, Monica Biagioli, Silvia Grimaldi, Hena Ali
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This is a position paper towards the establishment of a research network to address the impact of tacit experiential knowledge, emotion, and cultural perspective on a designer’s decision-making during a design process. With this network, we are aiming to start a focused discussion across geographies and cultures regarding the role and impact of designers’ emotions within their own design process. The function of this is to foreground the experiential and emotional domain of designers’ practice and examine the role of tacit experiential knowledge in design decision-making. The paper sets up the basis and context of discussion, exploring the three key …
Embodied Design Methods As Catalyst For Industrial Service Design, Titta Jylkäs, Essi Kuure
Embodied Design Methods As Catalyst For Industrial Service Design, Titta Jylkäs, Essi Kuure
DRS Biennial Conference Series
All over the world manufacturing companies are moving towards service business. The service-dominated landscape of business is complex and the value of services is produced in networks combining products, services, different providers and actors. Services deeply influence the socio-economic systems we are living in, and, therefore, in the future all business will be service business one way or another. The article locates embodied design methods in the context of industrial service design processes and large-scale organisations. It connects embodied design to changing business landscape via industrial service design field where theatrical methods are used to understand, ideate and evaluate the …
The Role(S) Of Process Models In Design Practice, Søren Iversen, Mads Kunø, Peter Vistisen
The Role(S) Of Process Models In Design Practice, Søren Iversen, Mads Kunø, Peter Vistisen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper investigates how design process models are implemented and used in design-driven organisations. The archetypical theoretical framing of process models, describe their primary role as guiding the design process, and assign roles and deliverables throughout the process. We hypothesise that the process models also take more communicative roles in practice, both in terms of creating an internal design rationale, as well as demystifying the black box of design thinking to external stakeholders. We investigate this hypothesis through an interview study of four major danish design-driven organisations, and analyse the different roles their archetypical process models take in their organisations. …
Orienteering Design Through Data: The Data-Driven Design Model, Juan Carlo Quiñones Gómez
Orienteering Design Through Data: The Data-Driven Design Model, Juan Carlo Quiñones Gómez
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Until recently, the processes and methods used by designers have been rather traditional. As times have changed, so too have the tools used by designers to bring their inspirations into reality and develop their concepts. Now, the majority of results of the design process can be attributed to intelligent products or services. We are rapidly advancing towards an era of Industry 4.0, which is radically transforming the creative process. Data can now be part of the creative process in new and innovative ways. Many businesses in a wide range of fields are already using data to provide personalised experiences to …
Responding To Diversity Including Disability, René Sørensen Overby, Camilla Ryhl
Responding To Diversity Including Disability, René Sørensen Overby, Camilla Ryhl
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper constructs a framework for understanding how notions of disability influence the discourse on accessibility and Universal Design as well as the present understanding of the user role in Denmark. Implications are that the understanding of disability and design of architecture are not mutually opposed to one another. Instead they are closely interwoven in the fabric of designing for diversity. Through the perspectives of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Disabled People's Organisations Denmark and the practicing Architects, the paper discusses three notions of disability. Initial findings of the PhD research project “Generating Inclusive Built …
Political Debate As Design Process: A Frame Analysis, Darren Umney, Peter Lloyd, Stephen Potter
Political Debate As Design Process: A Frame Analysis, Darren Umney, Peter Lloyd, Stephen Potter
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Using data from the historical record of a major nineteenth century infrastructure project, this paper shows how controversial national debates can be seen as processes of design. Central to the idea of political debate as design is the concept of framing, where different ways of understanding a developing artefact are played out through conflict and resolution. The paper begins by setting the governmental context of infrastructure development before undertaking a detailed textual analysis of a specific meeting to draw out elements of a design-like discourse. The meeting participants construct a sequence of frames through which they explore their problem and …
Workshop Process For Design Education By Using Aeiou Approach To Wayfinding Application, Chien-Hsiung Chen, Richard Branham, Wen-Hsina Hsiao, Shih-Chieh Chen, Yu-Chang Huang
Workshop Process For Design Education By Using Aeiou Approach To Wayfinding Application, Chien-Hsiung Chen, Richard Branham, Wen-Hsina Hsiao, Shih-Chieh Chen, Yu-Chang Huang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The wayfinding application of AEIOU approach design workshop is an operationalism oriented design methodology in which design college students worked together to find the real world wayfinding problems and then analyze, represent, test, and finally design a problem solving product or service. The AEIOU approach is articulated to A (activity), E (environment), I (individual), O (objects), and U (understanding). It was designed based on the Situation-Framework-Solution Mode that consisted with Situation-problem (analysis), Framework-lenses (evaluation), and Solution-prototype (synthesis), the evidence-based design process. The most important concept to be learned is the attitude of “empathy” and “reflection-in-action”. The workshop process was operated …
Observational Research And Verbal Protocol Methods, Vesna Popovic, Ben Kraal, Alethea Blackler, Marianella Chamorro-Koc
Observational Research And Verbal Protocol Methods, Vesna Popovic, Ben Kraal, Alethea Blackler, Marianella Chamorro-Koc
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper describes observational research and verbal protocols methods, how these methods are applied and integrated within different contexts, and how they complement each other. The first case study focuses on nurses’ interaction during bandaging of patients’ lower legs. To maintain research rigor a triangulation approach was applied that links observations of current procedures, ‘talk-aloud’ protocol during interaction and retrospective protocol. Maps of interactions demonstrated that some nurses bandage more intuitively than others. Nurses who bandage intuitively assemble long sequences of bandaging actions while nurses who bandage less intuitively ‘focus-shift’ in between bandaging actions. Thus different levels of expertise have …
The Influence Of Design Methods On The Design Process: Effect Of Use Of Scenario, Brainstorming, And Synectics On Designing, Hsien-Hui Tang, Ying-Ling Chen, John S. Gero
The Influence Of Design Methods On The Design Process: Effect Of Use Of Scenario, Brainstorming, And Synectics On Designing, Hsien-Hui Tang, Ying-Ling Chen, John S. Gero
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper presents the results of protocol analyses of collaborative design sessions to examine whether the use of different design methods influences the design process. Nine collaborative design sessions using brainstorming, scenario, synectics were analyzed using the function-behavior-structure ontology. The frequencies and distributions of percentages of design issues and design processes were statistically analyzed to determine differences in the design processes caused by the use of different design methods. The results indicate that the use of different design methods influences the design process and the differences appear early on in the design sessions. Brainstorming was more oriented toward functional thinking. …
Does Sketching Stand Alone As A Communication Tool During Concept Generation In Design Teams?, Nik Shahman Nik Ahmad Ariff, Petra Badke-Schaub, Ozgur Eris
Does Sketching Stand Alone As A Communication Tool During Concept Generation In Design Teams?, Nik Shahman Nik Ahmad Ariff, Petra Badke-Schaub, Ozgur Eris
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The present study investigates the relation between sketching and communication in teams during the idea generation process in early concept generation. A quasi-experiment study has been conducted with Masters students of Industrial Design Engineering at Delft University of Technology, Netherlands. Six groups consisting of three students had to solve a design problem in a given time. Whereas the experimental groups (n=3) were not allowed to talk during the design process, the control groups (n=3) did not face any restrictions. The experiments were recorded, observed and analyzed. As expected, both groups used communication to transfer and support their individual ideas. For …
Design Process And Organisational Strategy: A Storytelling Perspective, David Parkinson, Erik Bohemia, Joyce Yee, Neil Smith
Design Process And Organisational Strategy: A Storytelling Perspective, David Parkinson, Erik Bohemia, Joyce Yee, Neil Smith
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper explores the relationship between design process and organisational strategy through a storytelling perspective by providing a literature review; firstly, in relation to society in general; establishing a contextual background to the research. Secondly, by relating this to a) how designers and design researchers examine storytelling within design process, and b) how organisational strategists theorise storytelling. Then finally, through comparing and contrasting the literature, unearth the relevancies of using a storytelling perspective and uncover opportunities for understanding how design process impacts organisational strategy. It is apparent that certain underlying principles in adopting a storytelling perspective when employing organisational strategy …
The Evergreen Approach To Design Research: Maximizing The Value Of User Experience Data, Adisorn Supawatanakul, Anne Schorr
The Evergreen Approach To Design Research: Maximizing The Value Of User Experience Data, Adisorn Supawatanakul, Anne Schorr
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design research projects are often framed around specific objectives, for example, product initiatives or marketing strategies. Due to limited budgets and tight timeframes, most design research projects are narrowly focused, isolated inquiries into specific activities, products, services or phases of the development process. An ethnographic approach to design research can provide a holistic understanding of users, their routines, motivations, and beliefs that extend beyond the original research intent and provide a much broader view on customer needs and business opportunities. Learning to extend the utility of research data beyond the scope of the initial project can become a great organizational …
Yours Or Mine? Role Sharing Between Industrial Design And Interaction Design, Canan Akoglu, Anna Valtonen
Yours Or Mine? Role Sharing Between Industrial Design And Interaction Design, Canan Akoglu, Anna Valtonen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As a profession, industrial design has been affected by different dynamics throughout its history. One of the dynamics which affected industrial design strongly is the arrival of new technology. One of the fields in which information technology revolution happened is the arrival of micro-electronics, particularly in the area of telecommunication. This created an entirely new area of professional practice which was first named user interface design, but then developed to become a new professional practice, interaction design. Although interaction design is a growing profession today, interaction designers often have to explain what an interaction designer actually does and argue that …
A Comparison Of Diary Method Variations For Enlightening Form Generation In The Design Process, Maral Babapour, Björn Rehammar, Ulrike Rahe
A Comparison Of Diary Method Variations For Enlightening Form Generation In The Design Process, Maral Babapour, Björn Rehammar, Ulrike Rahe
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper presents two studies in which an empirical approach was taken to understand and explain form generation and decisions taken in the design process. In particular, the activities addressing aesthetic aspects when exteriorizing form ideas in the design process have been the focus of the present study. Diary methods were the starting point of this research for investigating the form generation process through collecting self-reflective comments from the participants. The main focus of this paper is to address potentials and limitations of the three variants of diary method used for data collection, namely, unstructured diaries, structured diaries and visual …
Ilo Cards: A Tool To Support The Design Of Interactive Artifacts, Gabriela Carneiro, Gil Barros, Carlos Zibel Costa
Ilo Cards: A Tool To Support The Design Of Interactive Artifacts, Gabriela Carneiro, Gil Barros, Carlos Zibel Costa
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In this paper we describe the "i|o cards", a tool comprising 31 paper cards that enables participants from different backgrounds to engage in creative collaborative activities in the design of interactive artifacts. These artifacts comprehend a wide range of design products in which physical instance and electronic behavior are integrated. Three workshops are described to illustrate different contexts and methods where the tool was already applied. The data gathered in the activities was used to improve the cards and to attest its role in improving certain aspects of the design process. At the end, four ways in which the i|o …
Design Process In Retrieving The Local Wisdom And Communal Identity: A Case Study Of Bangchaocha’S Bamboo Basketry Crafts, Woranooch Chuenrudeemol, Nanthana Boonlaor, Apirom Kongkanan
Design Process In Retrieving The Local Wisdom And Communal Identity: A Case Study Of Bangchaocha’S Bamboo Basketry Crafts, Woranooch Chuenrudeemol, Nanthana Boonlaor, Apirom Kongkanan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study aims to develop a method of retrieving indigenous knowledge, cultural identity, and artistic quality in local craft through design activities. Taking bamboo basketry product as the case study, this research selected Bangchaocha, a sub-district in Ang Thong province, as a representative of Thailand’s rich culture and established crafts village. The community has recently encountered a problem seen in many craft communities throughout Asia – one that sees the loss of their traditional craft identity due to foreign traders placing large orders for generic products that showcase neither indigenous craft knowledge nor traditional craftsmanship. This study aims to show …
Reflective Methods In Design Pedagogy, Jillian Coorey
Reflective Methods In Design Pedagogy, Jillian Coorey
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study proposes reflection as a pedagogical approach in design education. Design students lack of process was noticed as they struggled with basic ideation and exploration. To more effectively communicate the notion of process, reflective methods were introduced within the design studio. Reflection enhances learning and productiveness, vital goals of the education process (Russell, 2001). Jack Mezirow, an educator and researcher made the following statement about critical reflection, “reflection may enable individuals to change their habits of expectation and, as a result, develop more accurate perceptions, avoid premature cognitive commitments, and achieve greater flexibility and creativity” (1991). This paper presents …
Problem-Solving Model Of Design With A Controllable Determinization Level, Sonya S. Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim
Problem-Solving Model Of Design With A Controllable Determinization Level, Sonya S. Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The objective of this study is to develop a problem-solving model of design with a controllable determinization level which satisfies both analytic and synthetic aspects of design activities. Rooted on the problem-solution duality model, a goal-oriented problem-solving model, which is based on the triad relationship among a problem, a solution, and a goal, is constructed. In the problem-solving model of design, the goal area is distinguished from the solution area, and the concept of “determinization” which is the process of transforming the indeterminate solution area into the quasi-determinate2 goal area is established. The determinization level controls the portion between discovery …
Privileging The Sketch: Coop Himmelblau, Nonlinear Dynamics And The Psychogram, Michael J. Oswald, Michael Chapman
Privileging The Sketch: Coop Himmelblau, Nonlinear Dynamics And The Psychogram, Michael J. Oswald, Michael Chapman
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The Coop Himmelblau partnership of Wolf D Prix and Helmut Swiczinsky has, since the 1960s, been engaged in the attempt to break away from mainstream approaches to architectural design and production. Originally contemporaries of Archigram, Pichler and Kiesler, Coop Himmelblau’s manifestos for architecture have, since that time portrayed a growing preoccupation with feed-back mechanisms, with looping, folding and the attempt to recast architecture as metaphorically chaotic. While there have been extensive critical analyses of Coop Himmelblau’s early post-Vitruvian, or anti-humanist, propositions their approach to design in the late 1980s and early 1990s has rarely been considered in such detail. Throughout …
The Trace Of The Casual Or A Designer's Journey Towards The Formulation Of An Idea, Zoe Georgiadou, Ilias Panagiotis
The Trace Of The Casual Or A Designer's Journey Towards The Formulation Of An Idea, Zoe Georgiadou, Ilias Panagiotis
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The designing process of a project begins from the early stage of the pursuit of the idea that characterizes it. The itinerancy from reality to fantasy, from order to chaos and back again, the narration, the wish, the time and the diachronic or the a-chronic placement of the creator, formulate the central subject-matter that is brought forward in this announcement.
How Can Stories Get Translated Into Future Artefacts?, Bo Westerlund
How Can Stories Get Translated Into Future Artefacts?, Bo Westerlund
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper discusses a workshop method suitable for use in projects with a participatory design approach. Participatory design is sometimes criticised for focussing too much on what users say. The method described here takes that into account by having users not only talk, but also do acting and make lo-fi prototypes. The method has been used in several different projects. The structure of the workshops is designed to enable the participants to express themselves by saying, doing and making. People express different aspects through different channels and by enabling people to express themselves not only by talking but also by …
Evaluating Creativity In Design Problem Solving, H Casakin, S Kreitler
Evaluating Creativity In Design Problem Solving, H Casakin, S Kreitler
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study focused on the assessment of creativity in design problem solving. The purpose was to examine the possibility of grounding the definition of creativity in design in parameters that may be assessed objectively. An empirical research was carried out with students of architecture from first to fifth years. Their design outputs were evaluated by expert judges. The assessment of creativity in design was based on a number of factors dealing with: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and innovation, as well as aesthetic skills in design representation, fulfillment of design requirements, reference to context, and usefulness. Findings showed that the evaluation of …