Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education (96)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (95)
- Arts and Humanities (72)
- Psychology (52)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (26)
-
- Religion (25)
- Higher Education (23)
- Social Psychology (20)
- History (17)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (16)
- Public Health (16)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (16)
- Educational Leadership (15)
- Business (13)
- Economics (13)
- Political Science (13)
- English Language and Literature (12)
- American Studies (11)
- Sociology (11)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (11)
- Women's Studies (11)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (10)
- African American Studies (9)
- Organizational Behavior and Theory (9)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (9)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (8)
- Developmental Psychology (7)
- Ethnic Studies (7)
- Secondary Education (7)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (6)
- Keyword
-
- Gender (10)
- Education (6)
- Equity (6)
- Intersectionality (6)
- COVID-19 (5)
-
- Diversity (5)
- Evaluation (5)
- Leadership (5)
- Retention (5)
- Community college (4)
- Diaspora (4)
- Higher Education (4)
- Higher education (4)
- Identity (4)
- Inclusion (4)
- Mentoring (4)
- STEM (4)
- Social Capital (4)
- Women (4)
- Adolescence (3)
- Community College (3)
- Community Cultural Wealth (3)
- Depression (3)
- Diabetes (3)
- First-generation (3)
- Gender Studies (3)
- Identity Development (3)
- K-12 education (3)
- Latino (3)
- Machine learning (3)
Articles 1 - 30 of 283
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Examining Factors Related To Access To Rigorous High School Physics For Black Males: Evidence From The High School Longitudinal Study Of 2009, Jennifer Dacosta
Examining Factors Related To Access To Rigorous High School Physics For Black Males: Evidence From The High School Longitudinal Study Of 2009, Jennifer Dacosta
CGU Theses & Dissertations
In the landscape of American education, Black male students face significant barriers in accessing advanced science courses, a challenge that underscores broader issues of equity and inclusion. This study investigated the factors influencing Black male high school students’ access to earn physics credits, focusing on the interplay between school offerings, academic prerequisites, counselor support, personal efficacy in science, and socioeconomic status. Through a detailed analysis of data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, the research adopted a quantitative approach to examine how these variables collectively impact the educational trajectory of these students through multiple regression models which produced …
“To Happily Lay The Foundation Of Patriotism In One Single Englishman”: Women, History Texts, And The Construction Of English National Identity, 1820-1870, Katrina Denman
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Existing historiography on nationalist pedagogy in nineteenth century England has not focused on women as major contributors to this process through their authorship of historical texts. This dissertation argues that school history texts authored by women in Romantic and Victorian England imbued an intentional brand of English national identity based on Protestant moralism in their readers. It specifically focuses on conversational histories, or texts structured around historical description followed by prescribed “conversations” between teacher and listener, which both anticipated potential questions from young readers and provided a scripted narrative for answering them in a way that fit the larger didactic …
From Classroom To Community: Cultivating Critical Consciousness In K-12 Ethnic Studies For Civic And Community Engagement, Edward Flores
From Classroom To Community: Cultivating Critical Consciousness In K-12 Ethnic Studies For Civic And Community Engagement, Edward Flores
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The institutionalization of K-12 Ethnic Studies in California Public Schools is the culmination of decades of grassroots community organizing to address inequities between students of color and their advantaged peers. Empirical evidence suggests that K-12 Ethnic Studies courses have positive academic and social outcomes for historically marginalized students, yet limited research documents the pedagogical practices that occur in these courses to develop students' critical consciousness and academic achievement tied to civic and community engagement. Mainstream curricula continue to perpetuate race-neutral pedagogy that does not acknowledge the racialized experiences of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, making it necessary to …
The Identity Harmony Model Of Inclusion: Development And Test Of A New Theory, Anne Brafford
The Identity Harmony Model Of Inclusion: Development And Test Of A New Theory, Anne Brafford
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The concept of inclusion holds unrealized potential as a guiding framework for supporting employees of all identities in achieving their potential at work and improving organizational diversity. The underdevelopment of the concept’s definition, theoretical foundation, measures, and expected outcomes has hindered its positive impact. For example, scholarly attention has focused primarily on social identity theories to define inclusion at the group level, leaving other identity types and theories underexplored. To help address these issues, Article One of this two-article dissertation synthesizes identity, self-determination theory (SDT), and inclusion literature to provide a theoretical basis for the new identity harmony model of …
Examining Course Achievement In An Undergraduate Psychology Statistics Course Through The Lens Of Machine Learning Techniques, Sunny Nguyet Le
Examining Course Achievement In An Undergraduate Psychology Statistics Course Through The Lens Of Machine Learning Techniques, Sunny Nguyet Le
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The Introductory to Psychology Statistics course stands as a notable challenge for psychology majors, often acting as a gatekeeper course. This study embarks on two primary objectives using machine learning techniques: (1) to identify the determinants of overall course achievement, specifically course grade, and (2) to investigate the influence of statistics anxiety and statistics self-efficacy, when both are present, on overall course grade. Employing a machine-learning approach, both objectives were effectively addressed. The study involved the development of a self-reported questionnaire consisting of perceptions of statistics anxiety and statistics self-efficacy, along with other demographic and academic background variables. Conducted at …
Richard Wright, Native Son, And The Rhetorical Framing Of The Black American Experience, Malcolm Oliver Ii
Richard Wright, Native Son, And The Rhetorical Framing Of The Black American Experience, Malcolm Oliver Ii
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This dissertation is an exploration into Richard Wright’s rhetorical framing of the black American experience to further understand the impact and influence of language on black Americans within the progression of society. If we revisit 20 th century black American protest literature with a critical view through the lens of Perceivable Rhetoric, my original contribution to the field, we can further understand the messaging and implications within the genre that help us understand why the 21 st century black American experience mirrors much of what was written during the 20 th century. With respect to the aforementioned, Native Son, the …
Where’S My Teacher? Factors Influencing Teacher Retention/Attrition In A Post-Covid Landscape, Kyle Robinson
Where’S My Teacher? Factors Influencing Teacher Retention/Attrition In A Post-Covid Landscape, Kyle Robinson
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event in modern educational history that resulted in a dramatic upheaval of the traditional school system. The shift from brick-and-mortar to virtual instruction resulted in profound anxiety and demand (Kush et al., 2021). As the quarantine ended, the return to the physical classroom brought with it new, unanticipated stressors such as COVID-19 safety protocols, shifts in student behavior, and pronounced learning gaps from virtual instruction. Coupled with existing tensions, many educators who had previously identified as career teachers became “likely pandemic leavers” as they departed the profession (Steiner, 2021). While there is ample research …
Do Women Have An Advantage When Leading Across Groups? An Examination Of Gender, Self-Construals, And Intergroup Leadership, Jackie Shaib
Do Women Have An Advantage When Leading Across Groups? An Examination Of Gender, Self-Construals, And Intergroup Leadership, Jackie Shaib
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Intergroup leadership, self-construals, and gender are relatively well researched. However, there has been limited research that has looked at the interplay between these areas of research. For example, past research has shown women’s tendency towards an interdependent self-construal (Cross & Madson, 1997), the various challenges women face in pursuit of leadership roles (Eagly, 1987; Schein, 1973), as well as which style of intergroup leadership is most effective in various scenarios of subgroup relations (Hogg & Rast, 2022; Hogg et al., 2012; Rast et al., 2018). Although real world leadership situations often combine all these phenomena, research has yet to catch …
Answering The “Now What?”: The Development Of A Transdisciplinary Breast Cancer Survivorship Nonprofit Organization, Vir-Iaesta Maniquiz Vergel De Dios
Answering The “Now What?”: The Development Of A Transdisciplinary Breast Cancer Survivorship Nonprofit Organization, Vir-Iaesta Maniquiz Vergel De Dios
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Although patients are living longer or are surviving breast cancer, the side effects of treatment still leave patients struggling with quality-of-life issues. The lack of whole-person care leaves patients unequipped after treatment is complete, searching for answers and a way to survive on their own. The unintended consequence becomes a dramatic shift from the weekly/daily medical appointments during active treatment to a silence that can be daunting for many to navigate. Living Your Truth Empowered, shortened to LYTE Foundation, is an antiauthoritarian minded and anti-hierarchal nonprofit created to address the needs of the growing breast cancer survivor population. LYTE is …
Technology Affordances And Curriculum Flexibility In Higher Education Blended Learning, Clement Chimezie Aladi
Technology Affordances And Curriculum Flexibility In Higher Education Blended Learning, Clement Chimezie Aladi
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This dissertation explores technological affordances in blended learning, their influence on the flexibility of statistics and data science curricula, and students' satisfaction with learning. While blended learning is often perceived as a flexible learning approach, its correlation with flexibility lacks substantial evidence in existing literature. This study contends that technological affordances significantly impact curriculum flexibility in blended learning, an aspect currently underrepresented in blended learning educational literature. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Technology Affordance and Constraint Theory (TACT) and Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK), this research investigated six hypotheses to elucidate how technological affordances and the teacher's technology …
Cartographies Of Black Diaspora And Foster Care Diaspora: Arguments Toward Abolition In The Aftermath Of Partus Sequitur Ventrem, Alicia Boyce
CGU Theses & Dissertations
In this dissertation I argue that global foster care and adoption systems should be abolished because they are trauma inducing and grief producing state apparatuses that cyclically act to destabilize Black and “Other” subaltern populations from one generation to the next. Global foster care and adoption systems have become as common sensical as enslavement and chattel slavery all were as these systems are considered widely socially acceptable, common modes of domination and methods for controlling Black and “Other” populations. I coin a diaspora of community and cultural destabilization called the foster care diaspora (FCD), a theory and framing device that …
Culture And Community: The Importance Of Black Spaces In Community Colleges, La Quirshia Fennell
Culture And Community: The Importance Of Black Spaces In Community Colleges, La Quirshia Fennell
CGU Theses & Dissertations
At present, California community colleges serve a large proportion of Black students, but these students are not adequately supported to reach their educational goals (The Campaign for College Opportunity, 2019; National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 2022; Cross & Carman, 2022 Simpson, J., & Bista, K., 2021). Extensive research documents the importance of culturally engaging campuses and student sense of belonging to academic success (Museus, 2014; Museus et al., 2017; Harper et al., 2009; Strayhorn et al., 2010; Sanders, 2016; Tichavakunda, 2020). A puzzle remains in understanding why these aspects of campus support may be falling short for Black students. I …
Exploring The Interpretation And Implementation Of Migrant Programs: A Migrant Director’S Perspective, Lavanya Jawaharlal
Exploring The Interpretation And Implementation Of Migrant Programs: A Migrant Director’S Perspective, Lavanya Jawaharlal
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Against the backdrop of American agriculture, a significant educational challenge persists: the academic attainment of migrant children. Each year, an estimated 850,000 young migrants accompany their families, constituting a crucial workforce responsible for 75% of our nation's agricultural output. Despite their indispensable role, migrant students confront profound educational disparities, with only 51% managing to graduate from high school, a figure notably lower than the national average of 85%. This educational gap underscores the pressing need to address the unique academic hurdles encountered by migrant children. This dissertation investigates the interpretation and implementation of policies within the Migrant Education Program (MEP), …
Mentoring Latinas On Doctoral Journeys: Testimonios Of Cultural And Gender Identity, Jacqueline Rangel
Mentoring Latinas On Doctoral Journeys: Testimonios Of Cultural And Gender Identity, Jacqueline Rangel
CGU Theses & Dissertations
In the United States, Latinas are underrepresented in obtaining PhDs that lead to high level professional careers and academia. This may be due, in part, to patriarchal academic institutions and approaches that have historically devalued the cultural experiences and identities of marginalized populations, including Latinas in higher education. However, research suggests that mentorship can support Latinas in successfully obtaining PhDs and disrupt institutional norms and practices. Framed by LatCrit, Mestiza Consciousness, and Mujerista Mentoring, this study sheds light on the experiences of twenty-four Latinas who earned PhDs-with or without mentors during their doctoral journeys. As such, the purpose of this …
The Narrative Journeys Of Women Of Color High-Level Educational Leaders, Alyda R. Mir
The Narrative Journeys Of Women Of Color High-Level Educational Leaders, Alyda R. Mir
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Although their numbers are growing in the field of education, women of color are highly underrepresented in high-level leadership positions such as superintendent of schools. The purpose of this narrative research study was to explore the experiences, facilitators, and barriers of 20 women of color high-level educational leaders, including district superintendents and assistant/associate superintendents in California. Framed by the concepts of the Leadership Labyrinth, Critical Race Theory, and Intersectionality Theory, this study aimed to elevate the voices of a marginalized group of educators who earned high-level leadership positions in public educational organizations. This study shed light on the experiences, trajectories, …
The High Maintenance Black Girl: Black Female College Students’ Experiences With Intraracial Stereotypes, Alexis Thrower
The High Maintenance Black Girl: Black Female College Students’ Experiences With Intraracial Stereotypes, Alexis Thrower
CGU Theses & Dissertations
While existing literature has extensively documented interracial stereotypes faced by Black individuals, this study delved into the lesser-explored realm of stereotypes emanating from within the Black community itself. This dissertation explored the experiences of Black female college students in predominantly white educational environments, focusing on the pervasive influence of intraracial stereotypes. Grounded in phenomenological inquiry and guided by Black Feminist Critique, the research investigated the impact of these intraracial stereotypes on relationships, sense of belonging, and coping strategies among Black female college students. Four research questions guided this dissertation: What are the intraracial stereotypes experienced by Black female college students? …
Prospects For Professional Art And Stem Collaborations To Create Steam Programs And Projects, Darius K. Hines
Prospects For Professional Art And Stem Collaborations To Create Steam Programs And Projects, Darius K. Hines
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Would STEAM project and program resources be better utilized through collaboration between STEM and Arts professionals or from creating STEAM from within the Arts and STEM disciplines organically? Four hundred nineteen STEM and Arts professionals from academia and industry were surveyed for their thoughts and opinions regarding STEAM, creating a unique data set. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the inferential methods T-test, Chi-Squared and Multivariate Regression. Respondents reported a very small number of STEM (11%) and Arts (18.9%) professionals they know studied both STEM and Arts perform both equally in their careers. The majority of the STEM …
#Juccostruggle: A Critical Examination Into The Lived Experiences Of Black Male Community College Athletes, Terry James Sivers
#Juccostruggle: A Critical Examination Into The Lived Experiences Of Black Male Community College Athletes, Terry James Sivers
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Claremont Graduate University and San Diego State University: 2022This study investigated the lived experiences of Black male student-athletes (BMSAs) participating in football and basketball at a community college. Their psycho-social-emotional experiences and development were emphasized before, during, and after college. The study deployed Afropessimism to frame the experiences of BMSAs; as such, I assumed that the continued violence against Black people was a physical projection of a psychic and emotional web sustained by the othering of Blackness or anti-Blackness. This study was informed by the primary research question: How does anti-Blackness produce itself in community college athletics? Prior research on …
Communal Appropriation: Considerations Of Heritage And Cultural Preservation, Nikia Chaney
Communal Appropriation: Considerations Of Heritage And Cultural Preservation, Nikia Chaney
CGU Theses & Dissertations
While cultural appropriation is widely taken as a negative phenomenon that should be avoided, aspects of cultural appropriation are desirable for cultural preservation and heritage. These aspects can expand upon a museum's function by fostering an authentic connection to the community that would enhance the exhibition of cultural artifacts with authenticity, sustainability, diversity, and accessibility. This paper interprets auto-ethnographical visits to two sites, the Watts Tower Community Center in Los Angeles, CA, and the Fairfield House in Bath, England as a way of understanding community appropriation. Both the Watts Tower Community Center and the Fairfield House are inhabited by black …
Black Girl Black Girl Holla And Let Em’ Hear You: An Autoethnographic Exploration Of My Experiences From Black Girlhood To Black Womanhood, Ashá S. Jones
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This critical autoethnographic study examined my experiences navigating educational institutions from young adulthood to adulthood, as seen through the eyes of a Black girl growing up to become a Black woman. Specifically, this study included an examination of 10 critical incidents with a combination of the past 7 years of my life that explain the negative and positive interactions that shaped my experiences with the educational system and society while explaining how music, self-reflective writing, and other “parent figures’’ (mentors) were all elements that contributed to my educational success. Drawing on Critical Race Theory, Critical Mentoring, Black Feminist Thought, and …
Multidisciplinary Approach To Civil Conflict: Political, Economic, And Social Determinants Of Violence, Zhamilia Klycheva
Multidisciplinary Approach To Civil Conflict: Political, Economic, And Social Determinants Of Violence, Zhamilia Klycheva
CGU Theses & Dissertations
More abundant and less severe than interstate war, civil conflict has filled the news headlines worldwide, especially with nonviolent domestic instability. To this day, no single theoretical framework can fully explain this complex phenomenon. Scholars have often focused on one domain area as a precursor of violence. While such approaches are valuable, they need to grasp the whole picture, as addressing the problem from a single-domain perspective yields weak findings. This dissertation explores specific political, social, and economic factors that impact the onset, severity, and duration of civil conflict and the frequency of nonviolent conflict. It adopts a unified transdisciplinary …
Is Wide-Area Persistent Surveillance By State And Local Governments Constitutional?, Joseph Lake
Is Wide-Area Persistent Surveillance By State And Local Governments Constitutional?, Joseph Lake
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This dissertation addresses the following question: “Can wide-area persistent surveillance (WAPS) developed by the United States military and employed abroad as a tool in the Global War on Terror be employed domestically as a law enforcement tool without violating the US Constitution’s Fourth Amendment?” The most likely and controversial application of WAPS by state and local governments is for law enforcement. Aircraft will loiter over a city persistently taking high-definition photographs to capture locations of unidentified persons with the intent to identify persons and areas of interest for criminal investigations. Based on the Flyover Cases, aerial surveillance has few constitutional …
Certain That I Belong In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math (Stem): Women's Authentic Belonging And Men's Inclusion Actions Through Job Crafting, Cecelia Lee (Dotzler) Corson
Certain That I Belong In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math (Stem): Women's Authentic Belonging And Men's Inclusion Actions Through Job Crafting, Cecelia Lee (Dotzler) Corson
CGU Theses & Dissertations
As of 2022, the total number of Nobel Prizes granted in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields was roughly 614 and of those, only 24 have been awarded to women. STEM fields have historically excluded women at all levels with increasing impact at the higher levels of the career ladder (NSF, 2010). To address the stark gender gap in many organizational spaces including STEM, organizations have turned to diversity training with undetermined effectiveness (Devine & Ash, 2022). This dissertation research seeks to understand women’s authentic belonging in STEM fields and to develop an intervention to aid men in including …
Evil No More: The Image Of The Witch And Women In The United States From Seventeenth And Twentieth Centuries, Morgan Taylor Peacha
Evil No More: The Image Of The Witch And Women In The United States From Seventeenth And Twentieth Centuries, Morgan Taylor Peacha
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Women in both colonial America and the twentieth century United States were impacted by the notions of witches and witchcraft. There was an integral change in witchcraft during the era of growing feminism and equality in political status. In the colonial period, what was once a disguise for women's oppression, has become a tool for women's liberation.
More Moments With Others Matter For Emotion Regulation And Well-Being: A Study Of First-Year College Students’ Daily Life During Covid-19, Jaymes Paolo Delas Armas Rombaoa
More Moments With Others Matter For Emotion Regulation And Well-Being: A Study Of First-Year College Students’ Daily Life During Covid-19, Jaymes Paolo Delas Armas Rombaoa
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted emerging adult, first-year college students’ daily lives and well-being. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) recognizes that effective and adaptive emotion regulation can be improved by training skills for managing contextual (ABC) and physiological (PLEASE) factors. An ecological momentary assessment study collected 1,796 data points from 76 first-year students' daily usage of emotion regulation (ER) skills and momentary experiences of well-being (PERMA; Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, Accomplishment) during COVID-19 in Spring 2020. Research questions explored: (a) Is usage of ER skills associated with elements of momentary PERMA above and beyond trait-level PERMA?; (b) Are lifestyle factors (e.g., …
Experiences Of Lgbtq Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Implementation Of The Mckinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, Jonathan Carter Lee
Experiences Of Lgbtq Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Implementation Of The Mckinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, Jonathan Carter Lee
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The hearts and minds among U.S. legislators need to change about homelessness. While homelessness is certainly a big current issue that many Americans feel that needs to be addressed by our elected leaders, in reality, there are still many debates in Congress about who should be included to receive such funding. Among them, there is bipartisan support in the U.S. Congress for homeless veterans. However, when it comes to LGBTQ youth experiencing homelessness, the bills are introduced by the most progressive left and is quickly defeated. A large body of existing literature exist about LGBTQ youth experiencing homelessness. However, few …
California Community College Presidents’ Leadership: Serving Latinx Students At Hispanic Serving Institutions, Christina Joy Ryan Rodríguez
California Community College Presidents’ Leadership: Serving Latinx Students At Hispanic Serving Institutions, Christina Joy Ryan Rodríguez
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This qualitative case study examined how California Community College Presidents (CCCPs) make meaning of leading a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) to evaluate how CCCPs respond to Latinx student success gaps and support initiatives at their campuses. Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) have been more visible within community college literature, but what remains unclear is specifically how leaders at HSIs enact their leadership and direct their efforts to serve Latinx students. This dissertation addressed the gap in MSI scholarship to explicitly focus on the role of CCCPs at HSIs and their service to Latinx students. The study applied Eddy’s Multidimensional Leadership Model …
Saftey Of Covid-19 Vaccines In Real World Studies, Khawla Amar Mohamed Gammudi
Saftey Of Covid-19 Vaccines In Real World Studies, Khawla Amar Mohamed Gammudi
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been present since its outbreak in 2019. Despite global efforts to fully halt its spread, new strains are emerging daily. Various efforts have been undertaken to slow down the infection's spread by implementing different restrictive measures and policies, such as lockdowns, social distancing, and mask-wearing. However, the most effective approach to controlling this disease is through vaccinations (Chen, 2021). Substantial efforts have been dedicated to encouraging people in the United States to receive COVID-19 vaccines and booster doses. As of December 7, 2022, approximately 68.5% of the world's …
Essays In Behavioral Economics: Lying And Deception, Shanshan Zhang
Essays In Behavioral Economics: Lying And Deception, Shanshan Zhang
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The U.S. economy loses hundreds of millions of dollars in tax revenues, wages, and investment dollars, as well as hundreds of thousands of jobs each year due to dishonest behavior (Mazar and Ariely, 2006; Griffin et al., 2022). Thus, understanding dishonest behavior and finding mechanism to effectively reduce dishonest behavior are of great relevance to policy makers and the economy in general. This dissertation studies deceptive behavior and the relevant factors using online experiment, observational data, and field experiment in three chapters, respectively. Chapter 1 studies the effect of interaction with a machine (voicebot) on dishonest reporting. We conducted an …
The Value Of Mentoring In Living Out Your Calling, Megan Benzing
The Value Of Mentoring In Living Out Your Calling, Megan Benzing
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the way people think about the role that their job plays in their life. There is a greater desire for purposeful work and engaging in a role that positively impacts society, or more simply, to perceive and live a calling. One perceives a calling when they know the occupation that they were destined for or that fits with their values, where their strengths and passions are leveraged, and the job is prosocial in nature. However, perceiving this calling is only a piece of it, as one needs to work in a role where they actively …