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Theses/Dissertations

2021

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Multidrug-Resistance, Antibiotic-Associated Acute Kidney Injury, And Poor Disease Prognosis In Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Adeniyi J. Idigo Jan 2021

Multidrug-Resistance, Antibiotic-Associated Acute Kidney Injury, And Poor Disease Prognosis In Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Adeniyi J. Idigo

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In this dissertation research, I examined the challenges of treating patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with the purpose of identifying risk factors linked with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas, treatment toxicity, and poor disease prognosis. I used a retrospective cohort study design to explore a clinical cohort of patients admitted to the University of Alabama at Birmingham hospital network who had bacterial pneumonia diagnosis assessed to be from community transmission between January 2013-December 2019. Electronic medical records were accessed for socio-demographic and clinical information. First, I examined the local prevalence/incidence of Pseudomonas CAP and MDR Pseudomonas CAP, and the relationship between …


The Association Between Medicaid Expansion, Medicaid Disproportionate Share Payments And The Financial Performance Of Safety Net Hospitals, Jon Law Jan 2021

The Association Between Medicaid Expansion, Medicaid Disproportionate Share Payments And The Financial Performance Of Safety Net Hospitals, Jon Law

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Safety Net Hospitals (SNHs) provide necessary emergency and acute care to all individuals, regardless of their ability to pay for health care. Medicaid Expansion and Disproportionate Share (DSH) payments are two Medicaid programs that may mitigate the financial vulnerability of SNH’s. Some assert that Medicaid Expansion, as part of the Patient and Affordable Care Act (ACA), may provide financial relief for SNHs. It offers payment mechanisms for millions of uninsured individuals. DSH expenditures per capita for each state vary widely. There is some likelihood that SNHs in some states may benefit greater than others. The study was framed within the …


The Psychological, Social, And Bioinformatic Considerations For The Return Of Continental Genetic Ancestry Estimates And Other Secondary Sequencing Results, Jaimie Leighan Richards Jan 2021

The Psychological, Social, And Bioinformatic Considerations For The Return Of Continental Genetic Ancestry Estimates And Other Secondary Sequencing Results, Jaimie Leighan Richards

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With recent advances in sequencing technologies, large scale genome wide sequencing has advanced our understanding of disease risk and etiology. These tests, however, often provide secondary data beyond the scope of the original sequencing objectives, and our understanding of how and if participants want to receive these secondary results is important as clinical and research-based sequencing becomes commonplace. To address this, we completed a systematic review of quantitative research that measures attitudes and preferences on the return of genomic sequencing results. Based on that review, we studied the return of genetic ancestry since these results, popularized in direct-to-consumer sequencing companies …


Glycoprotein 340 Expression In Dry Eye Disease And Ocular Surface Infection, Kwaku Antwi Osei Jan 2021

Glycoprotein 340 Expression In Dry Eye Disease And Ocular Surface Infection, Kwaku Antwi Osei

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Glycoprotein 340 (Gp340) is a 340-kDa multi-domain pattern recognition receptor (PRR) belonging to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily of proteins. On the ocular surface, Gp340 is expressed in the tear film, lacrimal gland, cornea, and conjunctiva. By their nature, PRRs detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on microbial organisms and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from injured, stressed, necrotic, and apoptotic cells. This, in turn, induces the expression of nuclear factor-κB- and the interferon regulatory factor-dependent expression proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, eliciting both innate and adaptive immune response activation. Thus, as a PRR, Gp340 has the potential to modulate microbial infection …


Glycolytic Myeloid Cells Protect The Host In Tuberculosis, Hayden Thomas Pacl Jan 2021

Glycolytic Myeloid Cells Protect The Host In Tuberculosis, Hayden Thomas Pacl

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Despite curative treatment, tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death around the world. As such, there is great interest in novel therapeutic approaches to treat this disease. One such approach aims to enhance the efficacy of host immune cells in responding to the pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis—so called host-directed therapies. The metabolism of immune cells has been a central focus in the search for hostdirected therapies, and the role of glycolysis in myeloid cells, in particular, has received much attention. However, the role of glycolysis in myeloid cells in the context of tuberculosis has not yet been made clear. Here we …


Cubic Symmetric Laminations, Sandeep Chowdary Vejandla Jan 2021

Cubic Symmetric Laminations, Sandeep Chowdary Vejandla

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To study the \emph{parameter space of all polynomials of degree $d$} with connected Julia sets, Thurston proposed studying the space of all \emph{$\sigma_d$-invariant laminations}, where $\sigma_d:\mathbb S\to\mathbb S$ is the degree $d$ covering map of the unit circle defined by $\sigma_d(z)=z^d$. A lamination is a family of chords in the unit disk satisfying the following property. No two chords in a lamination intersect inside the disk. Thurston built a topological model for the space of quadratic polynomials $f(z) = z^2 +\lambda$ using a parametrization of the space of quadratic invariant laminations. He completed this approach for the space of quadratic …


Maxillary And Mandibular Expansion Treatment With Invisalign First: A Retrospective Study Of Virtual Prediction Versus Clinical Outcomes, Laura Constanza Rey Londono Jan 2021

Maxillary And Mandibular Expansion Treatment With Invisalign First: A Retrospective Study Of Virtual Prediction Versus Clinical Outcomes, Laura Constanza Rey Londono

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Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the maxillary and mandibular expansion achieved with Invisalign First (Align Technology, San Jose, CA) in growing children. Methods: Clinical stereolithography (STL) models of 32 patients in the mixed dentition stage, treated with the Invisalign First, were extracted from the ClinCheck software and analyzed in Dolphin imaging (version 11.95 Premium, Chatsworth, Calif) at three timepoints: T1 (initial records), T2 (virtual outcome prediction), and T3 (achieved outcome). The recorded measurements included: upper and lower primary intercanine and permanent intermolar width, upper and lower primary intercanine and permanent intermolar gingival width, upper arch …


Review Of Inmate Litigation Challenging The Constitutionality Of Solitary Confinement, Kaelyn Little Jan 2021

Review Of Inmate Litigation Challenging The Constitutionality Of Solitary Confinement, Kaelyn Little

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Inmate litigation has evolved since the 1960s, and little is known about the state of inmate litigation since the enactment of the Prisoner Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) in 1996. Additionally, the current conditions of solitary confinement are largely unknown, and correctional facilities operate with little accountability. This study provides an analysis of Section 1983 lawsuits across six states and decided from 2015 to 2020. All cases included in the study involved inmates filing a Section 1983 lawsuit due to a constitutional violation experienced during their time spent in solitary confinement. The findings showed that most lawsuits were unsuccessful due to …


Comprehensive Review And A Comparison Of Compliance Based Topology Optimization For Simply Supported Beams, Nicholas Yaw Asare Okai Jan 2021

Comprehensive Review And A Comparison Of Compliance Based Topology Optimization For Simply Supported Beams, Nicholas Yaw Asare Okai

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Traditional structures consume large amounts of raw materials including cementitiouscomposites and steel, which subsequently contribute to the increase in greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the recycling process of construction materials is challenging due to high cost and complex processes that involve crushing of concrete and melting of steel to the required composition. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the materials used as well as the structural geometry to achieve maximum efficiency (i.e., demand/capacity) and decrease the carbon footprint of structures. The development of sustainable structures and eco-friendly infrastructures aims to minimize materials and energy consumption without impeding the overall performance. Also, an …


Mothering Ourselves To Wholeness: Employing Black Feminist Criticism & Critical Narrative Methods To Trace Black Maternal Archetypes & Restory The Praxas Of Socio-Politically Engaged Black Mothers In Rural, Suburban, & Urban Contexts, Martez D. Files Jan 2021

Mothering Ourselves To Wholeness: Employing Black Feminist Criticism & Critical Narrative Methods To Trace Black Maternal Archetypes & Restory The Praxas Of Socio-Politically Engaged Black Mothers In Rural, Suburban, & Urban Contexts, Martez D. Files

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Mothering Ourselves to Wholeness: Employing Black Feminist Criticism & Critical Narrative Methods to Trace Black Maternal Archetypes & Restory the Praxes of Socio-Politically Engaged Black Mothers,” is a project that seeks to uncover the myriad ways Black mothers in diverse geographic spaces in Alabama and in select works of Black literature have forged communal wholeness, protected the most vulnerable, and healed harm outside and within communities. Black Mothering Praxis constellates the communal practices that counter exploitation, center care, accountability, and foster wholeness in a world that breaks and fragments Black bodies and beings. The research begins with identifying the various …


Functions Of Drosophila Hp1 Proteins In Transcriptional Regulation, John Schoelz Jan 2021

Functions Of Drosophila Hp1 Proteins In Transcriptional Regulation, John Schoelz

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The Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) family are a group of non-histone chromosomal proteins with functions in many essential DNA processes. The HP1 family is highly conserved, and many eukaryotic genomes contain multiple HP1 genes. Individual paralogs specialize in specific functions, although they do have overlapping roles in some processes. In Drosophila, there are three HP1 paralogs expressed in somatic cells: HP1a, HP1B and HP1C. All three of these proteins have previously been implicated in both the positive and negative regulation of transcription. Furthermore, the three proteins share binding sites and colocalize broadly throughout the Drosophila genome. Here, we investigate individual …


A Stress Process Approach To Assessing Caregiver Burden, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life: The Role Of Attachment In Adult Relationships, Ghislaine Celine Atkins Jan 2021

A Stress Process Approach To Assessing Caregiver Burden, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life: The Role Of Attachment In Adult Relationships, Ghislaine Celine Atkins

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Aging adults (65 years and older) are projected to be the largest age group in the United States by around the year 2030. Importantly, the population of aging adults is expected to outnumber their adult children for the first time by the year 2033. The extant literature posits that the majority of carer-care-recipient relationships are between adult children/in law and their aging parent or a spouse/partner. Familial carers dealing with these multiple stressors are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, have higher appraisals of stress and have worse quality of life. This dissertation project utilized sociologist Pearlin’s Stress Process Model …


Kink-Resistant Vascular Grafts With Integrated Capacitance-Based Hemodynamic Monitoring System, Kiran Raj Adhikari Jan 2021

Kink-Resistant Vascular Grafts With Integrated Capacitance-Based Hemodynamic Monitoring System, Kiran Raj Adhikari

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death in the United State and the number of cases is ever so increasing. The rises in the number of CVD patients are due to the increasingly hostile cardiovascular environments, indicated by poor diet, lack of exercise, socioeconomic and other stresses. The treatment often requires the replacement of blood vessels in the patients. For smaller diameter vascular grafts, the failure rate is high and the patency of these replaced grafts decreases significantly over the years. This failure is mostly due to a mismatch of the various properties between the native …


Structural Changes To Desmosomal Architecture During Assembly And Maturation, Reena R. Beggs Jan 2021

Structural Changes To Desmosomal Architecture During Assembly And Maturation, Reena R. Beggs

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Desmosomes are macromolecular junctions important in adhesion and resisting mechanical stress in epithelial and cardiac tissue. Desmosomes have a complex architecture with transmembrane cadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins, constituting the adhesive interface and plaque proteins, including plakoglobin and desmoplakin, binding the cadherin tails and integrating with intermediate filaments. Dysregulation of desmosomes occurs in many disease states, such as cardiomyopathies, skin diseases, and various cancers. While mature desmosomes' structure is generally understood, less is known about desmosome architecture during assembly and recycling. Desmosomes are dynamic, biochemically intractable, and diffraction-limited, making them challenging to study. To overcome these obstacles, I applied the super-resolution …


Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles Jan 2021

Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles

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While several studies have shown that caregiving duties are correlated with poor mental health outcomes, little is known about this association and how it varies by the type of care provided, as well as the other types of social roles that the caregiver occupies. Furthermore, the nature of these associations amongst caregivers who have been diagnosed with a chronic condition themselves is also unclear. Role Strain theory offers a foundation by which we can begin to understand the level of burden that results from occupying multiple social roles including that of caregiving. Using dating from the WHO Study on Global …


Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega Jan 2021

Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega

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This narrative ethnographic research study focused on the personal and schooling stories and counter-stories of three Latina teachers living and teaching in the Deep South. Using three contemporary young adult literature texts written by Latina authors, this three-month short term narrative ethnographic study sought to explore the lived experiences of three Latina teachers in the Deep South by way of testimonios (Espino, Munoz, and Kiyama, 2010) imbued with muxerista portraiture (Flores, 2017). The theoretical frameworks of LatCrit in education (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001) and Chicana/Latina Feminism guided every aspect of this study, which occurred during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Both …


The Hocl Response Of Escherichia Coli., Rhea Marie Derke Jan 2021

The Hocl Response Of Escherichia Coli., Rhea Marie Derke

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), like Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect millions of people worldwide. There are limited treatment options available for these diseases because their direct causes are unknown. IBDs are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli, bloom to high levels in the gut during inflammation and contribute to the pathology of IBDs. E. coli must tolerate high levels of antimicrobial compounds produced by the immune system to survive during persistent inflammation. A large proportion of such compounds are reactive oxygen and reactive chlorine …


Alternative Splicing Of Anxa7 Dictates Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Fates In Glioblastoma, Sindhu Nair Jan 2021

Alternative Splicing Of Anxa7 Dictates Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Fates In Glioblastoma, Sindhu Nair

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Alternative splicing (AS) is a tightly regulated process essential for lineage specification in complex tissues like the brain. Dysregulated splicing in glioblastoma (GBM) is a mechanism exploited by tumor cells to retain or splice out exons consequently rewiring isoform-specific protein interactions to sustain tumor phenotypes. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) amplifications are frequent events in GBM driving tumor growth and progression and are key targets for chemotherapy. However, RTK targeting in GBM has achieved limited success predominantly due to adaptive mechanisms of resistance in a constantly evolving tumor microenvironment. Clonal populations and crosstalk between RTKs sustain heterogeneity within a tumor leading …


Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels Jan 2021

Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels

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Urban schools face the enormous task of providing a wide range of support to students. These supports include academics, socio-emotional learning, health, nourishment, and even clothing. Students arrive with challenges that make it difficult to concentrate on their academic studies. The community education model can supply students in urban schools with needed resources so that they may prioritize their academics. A community education model is a holistic approach to providing support to students. With this in mind, the urban school leader must find a way to provide comprehensive support to students, both through community education and in consideration of essentialist …


Characterization Of Color Centers In Diamond For Laser Applications, Shova Devi Subedi Jan 2021

Characterization Of Color Centers In Diamond For Laser Applications, Shova Devi Subedi

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Diamond has been gaining a lot of interest in the field of photonics such as quantum optics, nano-photonics, quantum computation, magnetometry, sensing, laser development, and color center physics as it provides a remarkable platform to combine its non-linear optical properties in conjunction with the unique optical and spin properties of its color centers. Besides that, energetic pulsed lasers operating in the visible to near IR spectral range are mostly obtained from non-linear frequency conversion which is less efficient, expensive, and requires nonlinear crystal with excellent optical quality, a special cut to meet the perfect phase-matching condition. Another alternative is dye …


Service Profiles In Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Role Of Institutional And Organizational Factors, Reena Joseph Kelly Jan 2021

Service Profiles In Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Role Of Institutional And Organizational Factors, Reena Joseph Kelly

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Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing crisis globally and in the US, and place an enormous health, social, and financial burden on the nation. To address the complex nature of SUDs, treatment typically involves a combination of different types of services to address the medical, behavioral and social needs of the patient and care is often delivered by specialized SUD treatment facilities. Despite recommendations for a broad suite of services, individual facilities vary in the specific services that they offer. This study examined whether and why systematic differences exist between treatment facilities based on their service mix and whether …


A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Histomorphometric And Clinical Outcomes Of Soft Tissue Augmentation At The Time Of Lateral Ridge Augmentation Procedures, Kenneth Liu Jan 2021

A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Histomorphometric And Clinical Outcomes Of Soft Tissue Augmentation At The Time Of Lateral Ridge Augmentation Procedures, Kenneth Liu

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Guided bone regeneration (GBR) can be used to augment deficient alveolar ridges in preparation for dental implant placement. Mucogingival deformities can result from the periosteal releasing incision during GBR. This can be addressed by additional soft tissue augmentation procedures to increase the width of keratinized tissue and vertical soft tissue thickness, both of which have demonstrated clinical benefits around implants. The drawbacks of soft tissue augmentation following ridge augmentation include an additional procedure, increased patient morbidity, and less patient acceptance of treatment. In general, soft tissue augmentation can be performed at various time points throughout treatment, but literature on soft …


Keller-Segel Type Chemotaxis Model: Asymptotic Behavior Of The Small Data Solution, Jean D. Rugamba Jan 2021

Keller-Segel Type Chemotaxis Model: Asymptotic Behavior Of The Small Data Solution, Jean D. Rugamba

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This dissertation’s work is on asymptotic behavior of a Keller- Segel type chemotaxismodel with logarithmic sensitivity and logistic growth. The logarithmic singularity in the system is removed via the inverse Hopf-Cole transformation. Then, for the transformed system, we study the Green’s function of the corresponding linear system, linearized around a constant equilibrium solution, and the results give us a detailed point-wise description of the Greens function, which, itself, is significant in linear theory. Next, with the results on the Green’s function, we study small data solution to the nonlinear system by making use of Duhamel’s principle. This provides a descriptive …


Tensor Completion And Total Variation Denoising And Deblurring In Tensor Spaces, Fatoumata Sanogo Jan 2021

Tensor Completion And Total Variation Denoising And Deblurring In Tensor Spaces, Fatoumata Sanogo

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Tensor completion is a higher-order generalization of matrix completion where the goal is to recover a low-rank tensor from a partially observed tensor. Here we work on a numerical method to reconstructs a tensor (matrix) with missing entries by finding the optimal factors through linear least squares and the singular vector through a proximal algorithm of soft thresholding. The performance of our algorithm is tested on color images and surveillance videos.In addition, we continued working on those algorithm to get an optimal way of finding the regularization parameter to improve the quality of our output. For this purpose we used …


Evaluating The Regulation And Effect Of Innate Immune Gene Expression On Melanocyte Biology, Alex D. Dawson Jan 2021

Evaluating The Regulation And Effect Of Innate Immune Gene Expression On Melanocyte Biology, Alex D. Dawson

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Anecdotally, humans can experience loss of hair color or hair graying after infection or vaccination yet our understanding of how melanocyte biology and the innate immune system interact is incomplete. Mouse models of hair graying have been used to reveal numerous mechanisms that adversely affect the melanocyte system within the hair follicle, and one such mouse model highlights a molecular link between the transcription factor SOX10, melanogenesis and innate immune dysregulation. SOX10 is a transcription factor critical for neural crest development and melanogenesis, and when overexpressed in the Tg(Dct-Sox10)CF1-10 mouse line causes a sensitivity to viral mimic Poly(I:C) that results …


Japonisme And Modernity In Thirty-Six Views Of The Eiffel Tower By Henri Riviere, Yen-Hua Liu Jan 2021

Japonisme And Modernity In Thirty-Six Views Of The Eiffel Tower By Henri Riviere, Yen-Hua Liu

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This thesis examines the intersection of Japonisme and modernity in Henri Rivière’s lithographic album, Thirty-Six Views of the Eiffel Tower (1902). While paying homage to Hokusai’s Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji, Rivière represents thirty-six lithographs of modernized Paris. Rivière’s concept of modernity in the album goes beyond simply depicting the modern cityscape with the recently-built Eiffel Tower. His choice of lithography, usage of photographs, and innovative visual strategies indicate that the album is also a representation of modern life in the last decade of the nineteenth century.Modernity in this album operates on multiple levels. In addition to embodying changing fashions …


Investigating Pathological Features Of Tdp-43 In Neurodegeneration, Joshua Mathew Marcus Jan 2021

Investigating Pathological Features Of Tdp-43 In Neurodegeneration, Joshua Mathew Marcus

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Transactivation response element (TAR) DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is an essential RNA-binding protein required for coordinating multiple aspects of RNA metabolism. TDP-43 is multifunctional in both nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular compartments and shuttling in and out of the nucleus is an integral part of TDP-43 function. Nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, aggregation of TDP-43 within inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm, and aberrant post-translational modifications and truncation of TDP-43 are all common pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Localization of TDP-43 is connected to essential …


Modification Of N95 Respirators: Allaying Deficits In Respiratory Protection Below 300 Nanometers, Adam Nored Jan 2021

Modification Of N95 Respirators: Allaying Deficits In Respiratory Protection Below 300 Nanometers, Adam Nored

All ETDs from UAB

The current growth rate of nanomaterials being used in everyday materials as well as in construction materials is quite large. While this in itself could be quite promising, there is a lack of information known about the risks that materials in the nano size range may have attached to their use. Until a full-scale risk analysis of the nanomaterials is used in the construction industry there is a need for personal protection to be implemented. A known issue with the current PPE exists, in that the N95 personal respirator has some particle collection efficiency issues below 300 nm. Modifications to …


An Investigation Of Endogenous Pain Modulation And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain, Demario Overstreet Jan 2021

An Investigation Of Endogenous Pain Modulation And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain, Demario Overstreet

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ABSTRACT Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the most common disabling conditions in the world, and is one of the leading contributors to medical care seeking in adults. The worldwide prevalence of activity-limiting (acute and chronic) low back pain is about 12%, which equates to approximately 933 million people globally suffering with low back pain at any given time. Despite the prevalence and frequency of medical intervention, sustained pain relief and functional restoration are rarely achieved for those with cLBP. The vast majority of cLBP is “non-specific” with no identifiable pathology of the spine or related tissues. Without …


Efficacy Of Lower Incisor Intrusion Using Clear Aligners, Cason Roberson Jan 2021

Efficacy Of Lower Incisor Intrusion Using Clear Aligners, Cason Roberson

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Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate pre and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs on patients treated with Invisalign by the same orthodontist where lower incisor intrusion was prescribed and to determine the amount of true lower incisor intrusion achieved during treatment. Methods: This retrospective case series study included 48 patients with an overbite exceeding 2mm, who were treated with Invisalign clear aligner therapy, and whose Clincheck treatment plan included lower incisor intrusion. The mean age of the study group was 27 years with 14 (29%) of the subjects being male and 35 (71%) being female. The mean …