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All ETDs from UAB

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2016

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Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Of Two-Dimensional Electron Gasses At High Magnetic Fields, Jeremy Alan Curtis Jan 2016

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Of Two-Dimensional Electron Gasses At High Magnetic Fields, Jeremy Alan Curtis

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This dissertation covers two projects that were in the logical path to studying decoherence in a high mobility GaAs two–dimensional electron gas at high magnetic fields. The first project is the ultrafast non–degenerate pump–probe spectroscopic study of bulk GaAs in the Split Florida Helix at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University. This project was undertaken as a proof of concept that ultrafast optics could be done in the Split Florida Helix so that we might study a high mobility two dimensional electron gas using THz time–domain spectroscopy at high magnetic fields, which is a much more …

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Admixture Mapping Of Subclinical And Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Among African Americans, Aditi Shendre Jan 2016

Admixture Mapping Of Subclinical And Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Among African Americans, Aditi Shendre

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The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the association of local European ancestry (LEA) with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) among African Americans in three prospective cohorts from the United States. CVD burden is higher among African Americans compared to other racial/ethnic groups and prevention efforts have led to the evaluation of subclinical measures of CVD such as carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), and risk factors including the underlying genetic component of the disease. Admixed populations such as African Americans may have increased risk of disease as a result of the increased prevalence of a disease among …

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Neurobiological Consequences Of Perinatal Ssri Exposure, Matthew Edward Glover Jan 2016

Neurobiological Consequences Of Perinatal Ssri Exposure, Matthew Edward Glover

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been a mainstay pharmacological treatment for women experiencing depression during pregnancy and postpartum for nearly three decades. Recently, though, growing evidence indicates that early-life SSRI exposure triggers long-lasting behavioral abnormalities. Clinically, children exposed to SSRIs in early life exhibit increased internalizing behavior, reduced social behavior, and increased risk for depression in adolescence. Similarly, in rodents, perinatal SSRI exposure leads to increased traits of anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Interestingly, certain individuals are more susceptible to early-life SSRI exposure than others, suggesting that perinatal SSRI exposure poses greater risks for negative outcome within certain populations; however, …

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The Matricellular Protein Ccn1 Potentiates Fibrogenic Responses To Lung Injury, Ashish Kurundkar Jan 2016

The Matricellular Protein Ccn1 Potentiates Fibrogenic Responses To Lung Injury, Ashish Kurundkar

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Normal wound healing is a well-coordinated reparative response to injury aimed at restoring the normal tissue function. The dynamic interactions between cells and ex-tracellular matrix (ECM) regulate and dictate the fate of tissue repair process. Fibrosis is a dysregulated wound healing with excessive deposition of ECM and loss of tissue func-tion. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic disease of lung with no cure. Matricellular proteins are non-structural matrix proteins which regulates the cellular functions by directly binding to cell surface integrins and/or indirectly modulating growth factor signaling. Matricellular proteins are emerging as critical mediators of tissue injury …

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14-3-3 Proteins Regulate Mutant Lrrk2 Kinase Activity And Neurite Shortening, Nicholas Lavalley Jan 2016

14-3-3 Proteins Regulate Mutant Lrrk2 Kinase Activity And Neurite Shortening, Nicholas Lavalley

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Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common known cause of inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD), and LRRK2 is a risk factor for idiopathic PD. How LRRK2 function is regulated is not well understood. Recently, the highly-conserved 14-3-3 proteins, which play a key role in many cellular functions including cell death, have been shown to interact with LRRK2. In this study, we investigated whether 14-3-3s can regulate mutant LRRK2-induced neurite shortening and kinase activity. In the presence of 14-3-3θ overexpression, neurite length of primary neurons from BAC transgenic G2019S-LRRK2 mice returned back to wildtype levels. Similarly, 14-3-3θ overexpression …

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Trustworthy And Efficient Digital Forensics In The Cloud, D M Shams Zawoad Jan 2016

Trustworthy And Efficient Digital Forensics In The Cloud, D M Shams Zawoad

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The rise of cloud computing has changed the way of using computing services and resources. However, the black-box nature of clouds and the multi-tenant cloud models have brought new security risks, especially in terms of digital forensics. Current cloud computing architectures often lack support for digital forensic investigations since many of the assumptions that are valid for traditional computing environment are invalid in clouds. Current digital forensics tools and procedures rely on the physical access to the evidence. In clouds, computing and storage resources are no longer local and these resources are also shared between multiple cloud users. Hence, even …

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The Role Of Ppar-Delta In Regulating Cardiomyocyte Proliferation And Angiogenesis In Post-Myocardial Infarction Adult Heart, Yishu Ding Jan 2016

The Role Of Ppar-Delta In Regulating Cardiomyocyte Proliferation And Angiogenesis In Post-Myocardial Infarction Adult Heart, Yishu Ding

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Limited regeneration capacity is the main cause of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) in adult mammals. Emerging evidence supports that adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and myocardial angiogenesis could be enhanced, especially under MI condition. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is a key transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant defense in the heart. PPARδ signaling is involved in cell proliferation in many cell types. However, whether PPARδ is also determined cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis in the heart is unknown. Based on a high-through-put screening hit on cultured cardiomyocytes conducted by our collaborator, I have focused on establishing …

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Three-Dimensional Age-Related Changes Of The Adult Male Face, Catherine Haynie Haynie Jan 2016

Three-Dimensional Age-Related Changes Of The Adult Male Face, Catherine Haynie Haynie

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Objectives: The adult population is a fast growing subgroup of orthodontic practices. The facial soft tissues of adults are different from adolescents, and there is significant sexual dimorphism in the aging of facial soft tissue. It is imperative for the orthodontist to understand how aging effects the soft tissues of the face, and to know how male and females differ in this process. The objectives of this study include: 1.) Identification of trends in facial aging among a Caucasian male and African American male sample utilizing three-dimensional surface imaging technology. 2.) Comparison of the aging effects between the Caucasian and …

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Iterative Weighted Average Diffusion As A Novel External Force In The Active Contour Model, Ilya Sergeyevich Mirov Jan 2016

Iterative Weighted Average Diffusion As A Novel External Force In The Active Contour Model, Ilya Sergeyevich Mirov

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The active contour model has good performance in boundary extraction for medical images; particularly, Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) active contour model shows good performance at concavity convergence and insensitivity to initialization, yet it is susceptible to edge leaking, deep and narrow concavities, and has some issues handling noisy images. This paper proposes a novel external force, called Iterative Weighted Average Diffusion (IWAD), which used in tandem with parametric active contours, provides superior performance in images with high values of concavity. The image gradient is first turned into an edge image, smoothed, and modified with enhanced corner detection, then the IWAD …

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Patient Engagement Functionalities Facilitated By Health Information Technology: An Examination Of The Adoption Rate And Financial Performance Among U.S. Hospitals, Oghale Elijah Asagbra Jan 2016

Patient Engagement Functionalities Facilitated By Health Information Technology: An Examination Of The Adoption Rate And Financial Performance Among U.S. Hospitals, Oghale Elijah Asagbra

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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) meaningful use requirement, as well as documented evidence suggest that health information technology (HIT) has the potential to promote patient engagement and consequently improve quality and reduce cost. This prompts a better understanding of hospital adoption of HIT for patient engagement. The purpose of the three papers presented in this dissertation is to examine hospital adoption of health information technology (HIT) to facilitate patient engagement. Emphasis is placed on the functionalities (i.e., functions or capabilities) offered by these technologies that have been determined to allow patients be more involved in their care because …

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Exploring Bacteriophage P22 As A Selective Molecular Scaffold And Molecular Sensor, Gregory Joseph Bedwell Jan 2016

Exploring Bacteriophage P22 As A Selective Molecular Scaffold And Molecular Sensor, Gregory Joseph Bedwell

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The virus capsids of many dsDNA bacteriophage are finely tuned macromolecular machines. Their functionality begins at assembly, when their capsids are built under the guidance of a class of proteins referred to as scaffolding proteins. The scaffolding protein of bacteriophage P22 is a flexible, highly elongated protein that binds to the interior surface of the P22 procapsid via its C-terminal domain. The finding that N-terminus is dispensable for procapsid binding prompted the development of chimeric scaffolding protein molecules, wherein N-terminal residues of scaffold are replaced with a variety of different peptide sequences or functional proteins that are then encapsidated within …

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Andy Loves Richard: The Revelations Of Vote Mcgovern (1972), Amelia Hobson Jan 2016

Andy Loves Richard: The Revelations Of Vote Mcgovern (1972), Amelia Hobson

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In 1972, Pop artist Andy Warhol was asked by the Democratic National Convention to design a poster for the campaign of George McGovern in his race against presidential incumbent Richard Nixon. The final print was produced in an edition of 250 prints and sold at auction with the proceeds donated to McGovern’s campaign. The work commands almost immediate attention as it depicts not George McGovern, as might be expected, but his opponent President Richard Nixon. Nixon’s head consumes the greater portion of the print and looms over the scrawled text, “VOTE MCGOVERN.” Nixon’s eyes are yellow and his face green …

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Retention Of Cad/Cam Crowns Luted With A Novel Biomimetic Cement, Nan Xiang Jan 2016

Retention Of Cad/Cam Crowns Luted With A Novel Biomimetic Cement, Nan Xiang

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Objectives: To measure the tensile strength of e.max copings cemented with resin, calcium silicate and calcium phosphate cements following thermocycling. Methods: 40 extracted non-carious mandibular premolar teeth were examined and selected using Keyence microscope for no carious cracks etc.were mounted in acrylic. The teeth were placed in a lathe and prepared to uniform dimensions (22° total taper) using a flat-end tapered diamond bur (846.11.025HP, Brasseler) and a 3mm preparation height. The surface area of the prepared surface was calculated with digital microscopy. The teeth were scanned with a Cerec 3 (Sirona) digital scanner. E.max crowns were milled using Cerec 3 …

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Studies In New Materials For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Alex Skinner Jan 2016

Studies In New Materials For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Alex Skinner

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Ceramic materials have historically been of interest for their thermal and mechanical properties. However, certain ceramic materials can have very interesting electrical, magnetic and optical properties, leading to a new subclass, the electroceramics. Perovskites, in particular, have become the subject of intense research in this field. Specifically, doped barium zirconates have shown high proton conductivity in the intermediate temperature range (600 – 800°C), making them advantageous for use in solid oxide fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electricity using ion-conducting oxide ceramics as electrolytes. The anode component of the cell is …

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How Does Principal Leadership Influence Improved Graduation Rates In Urban High Schools In The Greater Metropolitan Area Of Birmingham, Alabama?, Chris Aaron Trawick Jan 2016

How Does Principal Leadership Influence Improved Graduation Rates In Urban High Schools In The Greater Metropolitan Area Of Birmingham, Alabama?, Chris Aaron Trawick

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HOW DOES PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP INFLUENCE IMPROVED GRADUATION RATES IN URBAN HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE GREATER METROPOITAN AREA OF BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA? CHRIS TRAWICK EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT Principals of urban high schools are under extraordinary pressure to improve graduation rates of high school seniors (Zepeda, 2013). According to Layton (2014), urban high schools graduate approximately 55% of students, which is well below the national average of 80%. Greater expectations have been placed on principals to improve student achievement. Marzano, Sims, and Warrick (2014) noted that principals are required to improve student achievement. Zepeda (2013) described the role of principal as the instructional …

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Examining The Impact Of Emergency Department (Ed) Registered Nurse (Rn) Staffing On Ed Patient Experience, Deana L. Nelson Jan 2016

Examining The Impact Of Emergency Department (Ed) Registered Nurse (Rn) Staffing On Ed Patient Experience, Deana L. Nelson

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EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) REGISTERED NURSE (RN) STAFFING ON ED PATIENT EXPERIENCE DEANA NELSON DOCTOR OF SCIENCE IN HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT Patient experience ratings are important to healthcare organizations from both a clinical and financial perspective. Studies examining the relationship between patient experience and nurse staffing are prevalent in the inpatient setting, but not as much is known about how staffing affects these ratings in the Emergency Department (ED). This study examined the relationships between ED RN staffing, patient expectations and patient experience ratings, using a conceptual framework adapted from Donabedian’s structure/process/outcome model, and expectancy disconfirmation …

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The Administrative Roles And Experiences Of School Principals In Implementing The 'Educate Alabama Teacher Evaluation System': A Phenomenological Study Of The Perspectives Of Alabama School Principals, Etheldia Reynolds Jan 2016

The Administrative Roles And Experiences Of School Principals In Implementing The 'Educate Alabama Teacher Evaluation System': A Phenomenological Study Of The Perspectives Of Alabama School Principals, Etheldia Reynolds

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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perspectives of Alabama school principals’ administrative roles and experiences in implementing the Educate Alabama Teacher Evaluation System. School principals are second only to teachers in improving students’ academic achievement. In many cases, policy makers have made student performance a central aspect of teacher evaluation (Donaldson, 2012; Everson, Feinauer, & Sudweeks, 2013). Principals are faced with reflecting on practices that impact teaching behaviors and student achievement. In 2009, the Alabama Department of Education developed the Educate Alabama Teacher Evaluation System as a formative assessment tool to guide teacher’s professional growth and …

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A Framework For Collaborative Knowledge Management: Using Distributed Mentoring, Ramaraju Rudraraju Jan 2016

A Framework For Collaborative Knowledge Management: Using Distributed Mentoring, Ramaraju Rudraraju

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Knowledge management consists of four key processes, generation, distribution, storage, and application. Today, with the simultaneous growth of World Wide Web and usage of computing devices, including smart phones, tablets, and laptops, knowledge is also being generated and modified by knowledge-contributors, labeled mentors. Output of this process makes its way into various sources, such as wikis, blogs, and Question- and-answer websites. New storage technologies are continuously being evolved in order to efficiently handle huge volumes of this kind of unstructured data. However, distribu-tion of knowledge to knowledge-consumers, labeled mentees, has not been evolved to keep up with the exponential growth …

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Altering Metabolism In The Tumor Microenvironment To Enhance Anti-Tumor Immunity For Lung Cancer, Cara Schafer Jan 2016

Altering Metabolism In The Tumor Microenvironment To Enhance Anti-Tumor Immunity For Lung Cancer, Cara Schafer

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Overcoming cancer cell immune escape represents a fundamental obstacle in the treatment of cancer. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to induce oxidative stress and alter amino acid metabolism within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The tryptophan (Trp)-catabolizing action of IDO not only promotes T cell tolerance and evasion but is also associated with impaired quality of life in cancer patients. We have previously demonstrated that a novel combination therapy, consisting of MDSC-depleting gemcitabine and a superoxide dismutase mimetic, prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice by enhancing CD8+ memory T cell metabolism. We identify that combination therapy inhibits IDO …

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The Spinning Thread, Halley Marie Cotton Jan 2016

The Spinning Thread, Halley Marie Cotton

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The poems comprised within this collection reimagine the Southern culture and identity. As a whole these poems explore themes such as family, craftsmanship, folklore, and the tension between humanity and nature. The overarching narrative revolves around the idea of transformation. Here, the speaker transforms from the mundane to the mythological and natural elements are acted upon to produce a shift in their physical state. These poems examine several inter- and intra- personal relationships typically in a state of recollection or unrest. Memory and a harkening to ancestral roots tend to inform the speaker’s thoughts and actions. While many of these …

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The Role Of Glutamate In Immune Cell Infiltration And Excitotoxic Mechanisms In Autoimmune Demyelination, Kirsten Scarlett Evonuk Jan 2016

The Role Of Glutamate In Immune Cell Infiltration And Excitotoxic Mechanisms In Autoimmune Demyelination, Kirsten Scarlett Evonuk

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Multiple sclerosis is the most common neurological disorder in young adults. Current treatments modulate the immune system, but no treatments prevent central nervous system damage. Inflammation occurs even during disease remission, contributing to ongoing damage and resulting in disease progression. The lack of neuroprotective treatments despite continued inflammatory onslaught in the central nervous system indicates the need for therapeutic discovery in this area. One potential therapeutic target is glutamate, whose dysregulation in multiple sclerosis has been implicated in excitotoxic cellular death. Herein we describe the roles of glutamate in multiple sclerosis and explore the blockade of a source of excitotoxic …

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Symbols Of Independence, Love, And Sorrow: Georgia O'Keeffe's Skyscraper Series, Kelly Allen Gentry Jan 2016

Symbols Of Independence, Love, And Sorrow: Georgia O'Keeffe's Skyscraper Series, Kelly Allen Gentry

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Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986) became known as one of the first and most prolific American modern artists of the twentieth century. Her expansive oeuvre, which spans over six decades, is primarily comprised of pure abstractions, large-scale flower paintings, and series of landscapes, crosses, and bones from the southwestern landscape of New Mexico, where she spent the latter half of her life. In the mid-1920s however, O’Keeffe created approximately twenty images of the skyscrapers of New York City, her home from 1918 to 1949. This thesis argues that within this skyscraper series, O’Keeffe fully realized her uniquely personal and recognizable language. This …

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The (Non)Tragic Passing Of Rena Walden: Black Female Agency In Charles Chesnutt's The House Behind The Cedars, Sarah Emily Goggans Jan 2016

The (Non)Tragic Passing Of Rena Walden: Black Female Agency In Charles Chesnutt's The House Behind The Cedars, Sarah Emily Goggans

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This project analyzes Charles W. Chesnutt’s The House Behind the Cedars in an attempt to accredit Chesnutt as a forerunner of Critical Race Theory (CRT). Secondly, this project argues that Rena gains agency solely through her black ancestry in her ability to read and write both cultural and written texts. I will also argue in that creating a metanarrative form for his novel, Chesnutt is able to provide a radically feminist text through his representation of the power of Rena’s literacy, and furthermore, that Chesnutt is able to critique the laws and customs of normative white society. Lastly, this project …

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Comparing The Quality Of End Of Life Cancer Care In The Medicare Population Prior To And After The Enactment Of The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement And Modernization Act Of 2003, Rene Jooste Jan 2016

Comparing The Quality Of End Of Life Cancer Care In The Medicare Population Prior To And After The Enactment Of The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement And Modernization Act Of 2003, Rene Jooste

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Reimbursement for chemotherapy could account for two thirds of the income for oncologists in private practice. The Medicare prescription drug improvement and modernization act of 2003 (MMA) brought about a dramatic change in the way physicians were reimbursed for delivering chemotherapy in an attempt to slow the skyrocketing costs of drugs and Medicare costs for covering these drugs . The MMA reduced Medicare reimbursements for covered outpatient prescription drugs from 95% to 85% of the average wholesale price. In 2005, a new payment system was instituted that reimbursed fee-for-service providers for drugs at the national average sales price plus 6%. …

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Modeling And Analysis Of Systems Using The Least Action Principle In Information Theory, Serkan Guldal Jan 2016

Modeling And Analysis Of Systems Using The Least Action Principle In Information Theory, Serkan Guldal

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The Least Action Principle (LAP) is widely applied to search for solutions to problems of classical mechanics. It claims that if an infinitesimal change does not affect the action of a system, that action would be the least action. In classical mechanics, if a particle moves from point A to point B, it will search for the path that requires the least energy consumption. Modeling physical phenomena utilizing LAP helps to predict an equation of motion and this principle is applicable for all known systems. In this dissertation, we use the maximum independent set from graph theory as a guiding …

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Increasing Accuracy Of Dietary Assessments By Regular-Shape Recognition And Photogrammetry, Ihsan K. Hakima Jan 2016

Increasing Accuracy Of Dietary Assessments By Regular-Shape Recognition And Photogrammetry, Ihsan K. Hakima

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There is interest in determining the amount of food consumed during dietary studies using technology. Interviews of patients and/or participants can result in inaccuracies in reported food intake. Using food journals or diaries can be more accurate, but depends on participants' motivation to record food intake during meals. Technology can make it easier to record food intake. Previous work utilizing technology has included using single images and a virtual model for food estimation, projecting a circular light on the image to use as a reference, and using a device with a laser to determine distance. Another method uses a wearable …

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Laboratory-Scale Investigations Of Low-Permeability Porous Media By Analysis Of Transient Pressure Measurements, Michael Joseph Hannon Jr Jan 2016

Laboratory-Scale Investigations Of Low-Permeability Porous Media By Analysis Of Transient Pressure Measurements, Michael Joseph Hannon Jr

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To provide a greater understanding of critical parameters of ultra-tight geologic formations such as shales, this report considers alternative approaches to the laboratory-scale pressure-pulse-decay permeametry method. These include new analytical models with which to analyze data from the principal rapid pulse-decay variants used in professional laboratories today. Novel revisions to the pulse-decay method are suggested and compared, in theory, against existing technologies. A new experimental procedure for the assessment of whole-core cylindrical samples is proposed that simultaneously determines the porosity and apparent permeabilities parallel and perpendicular to the native bedding plane from a single test on a single cylindrical core …

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High-Intensity Interval Training With Energy Restriction Preserves Lean Tissue And Improves Glucose Tolerance In Obesity, Rachel Ann Harley Jan 2016

High-Intensity Interval Training With Energy Restriction Preserves Lean Tissue And Improves Glucose Tolerance In Obesity, Rachel Ann Harley

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Calorie restriction (CR) reduces body weight (BW) and adiposity, but is often less than expected due to hypometabolism produced by reductions in lean body mass (LBM). A comparable energy deficit created by combining CR and exercise energy expenditure (EE) has been shown to attenuate the reduction in EE produced by CR. Continuous moderate-intensity training (MIT) is commonly used to sustain energy balance or expedite weight loss, but high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may produce greater results. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if HIIT preserves LBM and improves energy metabolism to a greater extent than MIT in the presence …

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Two-Phase Forced Convection Heat Transfer In Triple-Concentric Tube Heat Exchangers, Milad Majdi Jan 2016

Two-Phase Forced Convection Heat Transfer In Triple-Concentric Tube Heat Exchangers, Milad Majdi

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Heat exchangers are vital devices and are used in many specific applications such as air conditioning, power production, and waste heat recovery. Throughout the year, a large amount of energy is wasted in air conditioning and refrigeration systems in residential and commercial sectors. At the same time, a huge amount of energy (natural gas and electricity) is used in order for water heating to be supplied to our buildings. The present research project is heat transfer analysis of triple-concentric tube heat exchanger as a component of refrigeration cycle in HVAC systems. This novel design will replace conventional air-cooled condenser and …

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Improving The Scalability Of Directed Model Checking Of Concurrent Java Code Through Hybrid And Distributed Analysis, Reed Morgan Milewicz Jan 2016

Improving The Scalability Of Directed Model Checking Of Concurrent Java Code Through Hybrid And Distributed Analysis, Reed Morgan Milewicz

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Since the widespread adoption of multi-core architectures at the turn of the millennium, parallel and concurrent programming paradigms, such as multi-threaded programming, have been advanced to enable programmers to take advantage of this abundance of computational resources. However, the need for speed has also given new life to ancient evils, namely concurrency bugs. The term concurrency bug, broadly speaking, refers to any bug that arises due to improper or inadequate synchronization of threads in their use of shared resources. These include deadlocks, race conditions, and atomicity violations. Model checking has proven to be a powerful and versatile approach to the …

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