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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
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Interaction Of Internal Waves And Mean Flow Observed Near A Coast, Pijush K. Kundu, Richard E. Thomson, Barbara M. Hickey, Paul H. Leblond
Interaction Of Internal Waves And Mean Flow Observed Near A Coast, Pijush K. Kundu, Richard E. Thomson, Barbara M. Hickey, Paul H. Leblond
Journal of Marine Research
Vortex stretching has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which internal waves can extract energy from the mean flow. Relationships between the slowly varying (ω < 0.25 cpd) and rapidly varying (0.13 cph < ω < 0.5 cph) components of the flow have been examined in a 4-month-long data set taken off the coast of British Columbia. The rapidly varying component of horizontal velocity generally rotates clockwise, and is in rough agreement with internal wave dynamics. It is horizontally incoherent within a distance of 10 km and is vertically coherent across the water column with a nearly 180° phase change. Scatter plots show that the wavefield is anisotropic, with the Reynolds stresses generally obeying uv < 0, vw < 0 and uw > 0, where (u, v, w) are the fluctuating velocity components in the (onshore, alongshore, upward) directions. Instances have been found in which time variations of uv and the mean horizontal shear rate Vx are negatively correlated, with an implied horizontal viscosity of VH ∼ (3 ± 2) × 105 cm2/s. No correlation of vw and the mean vertical shear V …
A Numerical Investigation Of The Somali Current During The Southwest Monsoon, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Pijush K. Kundu
A Numerical Investigation Of The Somali Current During The Southwest Monsoon, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Pijush K. Kundu
Journal of Marine Research
The dynamics of the Somali Current system during the Southwest Monsoon are investigated using a 2½-layer numerical model that includes entrainment of cool water into the upper layer. Entrainment cools the upper layer, provides interfacial drag, and prevents the interface from surfacing in regions of strong coastal upwelling. Solutions are forced by a variety of wind stress fields in ocean basins with western boundaries oriented either meridionally or at a 45° angle. Solutions forced by southern hemisphere easterlies develop a strong coastal current south of the equator. When the western boundary is slanted, this current bends offshore at the equator …
A Numerical Model Study Of Internal Tides On The Australian Northwest Shelf, Peter D. Craig
A Numerical Model Study Of Internal Tides On The Australian Northwest Shelf, Peter D. Craig
Journal of Marine Research
Models of internal tides have been difficult to apply to realistic ocean situations because of restrictive assumptions on the form of either the bottom topography or the vertical density structure. A numerical model, based on the analytic model of Craig (1987a), is applied to a section through the Australian Northwest Shelf, and the results compared with data collected at the North Rankin location. The model simulates accurately the amplitude and phase structure of the internal tide. The predicted temperature and current amplitudes are within one-third of those observed, but the phase relationship between the temperature and surface tide is different …
Multiple Thermoclines Are Barriers To Vertical Exchange In The Subarctic Pacific During Super, May 1984, K. L. Denman, A. E. Gargett
Multiple Thermoclines Are Barriers To Vertical Exchange In The Subarctic Pacific During Super, May 1984, K. L. Denman, A. E. Gargett
Journal of Marine Research
As part of the Subarctic Pacific Ecosystem Research program, we made observations of upper ocean physical and biological properties at 50N; 145W during 12–21 May 1984 from a drifting buoy, instrumented with a thermistor chain and meteorological sensors; a CTD/rosette bottle profiler; a shipboard solar radiometer; and a microstructure profiler equipped with a fast response thermistor and two airfoil velocity probes. At that time, the ocean above the seasonal thermocline was divided by a shallow thermocline step (∼0.5°C) into two layers with different turbulence characteristics and dynamics. The surface layer thermal structure (even in wind speeds up to 14 m …
Response Of Capelin To Wind-Induced Thermal Events In The Southern Labrador Current, David C. Schneider, David A. Methven
Response Of Capelin To Wind-Induced Thermal Events In The Southern Labrador Current, David C. Schneider, David A. Methven
Journal of Marine Research
The response of schooling fish (Capelin Mallotus villosus Müller) to coastal upwelling events in the southern Labrador Current was investigated during the summer of 1984 and 1987. Theoretical calculations showed that summer wind events, which prevail from the southwest, were capable of inducing upwelling along the western boundary of the Avalon Channel. Significant drops in the temperature of subsurface water near the coast occurred in response to longshore wind stress. Coherence of longshore winds and thermal fluctuations was significantly greater than zero at periods between 3.8 to 6.1 days at two exposed locations along the coast. Regression of temperature on …
Cross-Phyletic Patterns Of Particle Selection By Deposit Feeders, Robert F. L. Self, Peter A. Jumars
Cross-Phyletic Patterns Of Particle Selection By Deposit Feeders, Robert F. L. Self, Peter A. Jumars
Journal of Marine Research
In controlled laboratory experiments using a wide array of exotic sediments of known characteristics (glass and plastic beads) we studied the mechanical, evolutionarily-fixed component of particle selection for ingestion in 5 surface and 6 subsurface deposit feeders, from 3 phyla (Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda). Three species were nonselective within all or part of the 3-324 μm particle size range tested, while the remaining 8 species exhibited unimodal patterns of size selection, peaking near 6 μm. In addition, the surface deposit feeders displayed a strong preference for particles of low specific gravity. Particle selection in tube construction by the polychaetes …
Copepods In Fram Strait In Summer: Distribution, Feeding And Metabolism, Sharon L. Smith
Copepods In Fram Strait In Summer: Distribution, Feeding And Metabolism, Sharon L. Smith
Journal of Marine Research
A summer study of zooplankton in the Fram Strait area of the Greenland Sea showed elevated abundances of herbivorous copepods in the marginal ice zone or ice-edge compared with copepod communities under the pack ice cover. Several physical factors contributed to this, including the large-scale current systems which deliver both North Atlantic and Arctic plankton to the ice-edge and the effect of melting ice and eddies in increasing primary productivity and standing stocks of phytoplankton. The potential importance of the ice-edge in secondary production was observed directly as increased numbers of juvenile copepods. Indirectly, it can be inferred from observations …
Organic Geochemistry Of Particulate Matter In The Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean: Implications For Particle Dynamics, Stuart G. Wakeham, Elizabeth A. Canuel
Organic Geochemistry Of Particulate Matter In The Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean: Implications For Particle Dynamics, Stuart G. Wakeham, Elizabeth A. Canuel
Journal of Marine Research
Samples of marine particulate matter were collected in sediment traps and by in-situ filtration to depths of 1500 m during VERTEX II and III cruises in the eastern tropical North Pacific. Wax esters, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, sterols and steroidal ketones were analyzed in these samples to compare the compositions of organic matter associated with large sinking particulate aggregates sampled by sediment traps and with fine suspended material obtained by in-situ filtration. Distributions of specific compounds indicated that the organic chemical composition of large sinking particles and small suspended particles both in the euphotic zone and at mid-depth result from very …
On The Surface Drift Of The Southern Ocean, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, L. V. Shannon, L. J. Beekman
On The Surface Drift Of The Southern Ocean, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, L. V. Shannon, L. J. Beekman
Journal of Marine Research
Drift rates of the sea surface have been calculated for the South Atlantic and South Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean using drift cards and FGGE buoys. Drift patterns and drift rates, based on results from 40,000 plastic drift cards placed from 1978 to 1981, indicate significant equatorward surface exchange between the Southern Ocean and subtropical ocean gyres. Card drift rates increase with latitude up to the 40-45S zone. Average zonal drift rates lie between 10.3 cm/s and 16.4 cm/s. Zonally averaged drift rates of FGGE buoys are also at a maximum between 40 and 45S but are 15% …
Buoyancy Driven Planetary Flows, A. Colin De Verdière
Buoyancy Driven Planetary Flows, A. Colin De Verdière
Journal of Marine Research
The large scale flow patterns driven by surface buoyancy flux are obtained as numerical solutions of the planetary geostrophic equations to which dissipation and diffusion have been appended. Within a cartesian β plane, square box geometry, the solution is made of gyres of the largest possible size with western and northern intensification, anticyclonic above the main thermocline, cyclonic below. Within regions of heat gain, the classical equilibrium between downward eddy diffusion and vertical upwelling is approximately observed in the main thermocline. As a consequence the abyssal circulation (southern interior and western boundary current) behave according to the early Stommel-Arons' ideas. …
Seasonal Variability Of Meridional Temperature Fluxes In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Lothar Stramma, Hans-Jörg Isemer
Seasonal Variability Of Meridional Temperature Fluxes In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Lothar Stramma, Hans-Jörg Isemer
Journal of Marine Research
Seasonal meridional ocean temperature fluxes were computed in a regional study of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean east of 30°30′W between 12°30′N and 39°30′N for the upper 1500 m of the ocean. Historical oceanographic and meteorological measurements are the data base for the direct method of computing temperature fluxes. Seasonal changes in temperature fluxes caused by the seasonality of Ekman transport and geostrophic transport are strongly dependent on latitude. Between 19N and 25N the meridional temperature flux shows low seasonality. In this area the permanent subtropical gyre and the stable trade-winds result in low seasonal changes. North of 25N the …
Recent Moored Current Meter And Sofar Float Observations In The Eastern Atlantic Near 32n, William J. Schmitz Jr., James F. Price, Philip L. Richardson
Recent Moored Current Meter And Sofar Float Observations In The Eastern Atlantic Near 32n, William J. Schmitz Jr., James F. Price, Philip L. Richardson
Journal of Marine Research
Basic flow statistics from the two-year deployment of a mooring in the vicinity of 32N and 24W are presented, along with intercomparisons between SOFAR float results concurrent with the first year of moored instrument data. Current-temperature meters were deployed in the main thermocline (∼500 m depth), in Mediterranean Water (1000–1100 m depth) along with the SOFAR floats, and at an abyssal (∼3000 m) level. The float and current meter averages over a common time interval are at least roughly the same, with eddy field intercomparisons being better than those for mean flow. Strong year-to-year variability in the time-averaged flow and …
Microbial-Meiofaunal Interrelationships In Some Tropical Intertidal Sediments, Daniel M. Alongi
Microbial-Meiofaunal Interrelationships In Some Tropical Intertidal Sediments, Daniel M. Alongi
Journal of Marine Research
Interrelationships among microbial and meiofaunal communities were examined for one year at four intertidal mangrove and sandflat habitats in tropical northeastern Australia. None of the microbial and meiofaunal communities correlated with physical factors over the year as densities of most microbial and meiofaunal groups, bacterial productivity and specific growth rates (μ) of bacteria fluctuated significantly over time at each habitat with no distinct seasonality. However, over a tidal cycle, bacterial growth rates were significantly affected by tidal flooding and exposure on the sandflat; bacterial growth rates increased with increasing sediment temperatures upon exposure during daylight. Protozoan and meiofaunal …
Cold-Seep Benthic Communities In The Japan Subduction Zones: Geological Control Of Community Development, Myriam Sibuet, S. Kim Juniper, Guy Pautot
Cold-Seep Benthic Communities In The Japan Subduction Zones: Geological Control Of Community Development, Myriam Sibuet, S. Kim Juniper, Guy Pautot
Journal of Marine Research
A large number of Calyptogena-dominated benthic communities, apparently chemosynthetically-based, were discovered at methane-rich pore-water seeps in the Japan subduction zones (3850–6000 m depth). Photographic and video surveys from four submersible dives were analyzed to study the influence of faulting, topography and substratum on exploitation of cold seeps by megafauna. Pore-water seepage occurred in a variety of geological settings, including subduction-erosion and accretionary prism formation, always in association with major faults which likely facilitated upward migration of fluids from a deep high-pressure zone. Sediment cover and manganese crusts on the seafloor appeared to block pore-water discharge, except where interrupted by …
A Shelf/Slope Frontal Filament Off The Northeast Spanish Coast, Dong-Ping Wang, Mário E. C. Vieira, Jordi Salat, Joaquim Tintoré, Paul E. La Violette
A Shelf/Slope Frontal Filament Off The Northeast Spanish Coast, Dong-Ping Wang, Mário E. C. Vieira, Jordi Salat, Joaquim Tintoré, Paul E. La Violette
Journal of Marine Research
A frontal filament on the shelf break in the Balearic Sea was examined using hydrographic, drifter and satellite sensor measurements. The filament was a tongue of low-salinity shelf water marked by a sharp frontal boundary. During the four-day study period, the filament moved across the shelf break with a speed of about 20 cm/s. While drifters generally followed this movement, there were large relative motions between drifters and the filament. Particle velocities in the filament generally were larger than the advancing speed of the filament. This resulted in a strong flow convergence near the head of the filament. The hydrographic …
Phytoplankton Species Composition And Abundance In A Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring. I. Changes Over A Five Month Period, Richard W. Gould Jr., Greta A. Fryxell
Phytoplankton Species Composition And Abundance In A Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring. I. Changes Over A Five Month Period, Richard W. Gould Jr., Greta A. Fryxell
Journal of Marine Research
During the spring and summer of 1982, Gulf Stream warm core ring (WCR) 82B was sampled during four cruises from April to August to investigate the changes in the phytoplankton flora with time. Discrete water samples from 28 stations were collected for identification and enumeration of phytoplankton. The spring increase in WCR 828 occurred from late April to mid-May and was multiphasic; early periods were dominated by the diatoms Minidiscus trioculatus (4–5 μm diam.) and a small Thalassiosira, possibly T. bulbosa, while later periods were dominated by a small (2–3 μm) biflagellate. In June, another diatom …
The Coupling Of Wave Drift And Wind Velocity Profiles, John A. T. Bye
The Coupling Of Wave Drift And Wind Velocity Profiles, John A. T. Bye
Journal of Marine Research
The Stokes drift velocity profile due to Toba's equilibrium wave spectrum is shown to consist of a surface constant shear layer, an intermediate logarithmic layer and a deep exponentially decaying tail. On identifying the logarithmic layer with a wall boundary layer (which is justified a posteriori by showing that the major part of the energy dissipation by wave breaking occurs in the roughness sublayer), for a range of directionality (p) of the wave spectrum ½–2, Toba's constant (α) lies in the range 0.12–0.10 in good agreement with data. The roughness length for water (z0 …
A Provisional Diagenetic Model For Ph In Anoxic Porewaters: Application To The Foam Site, Bernard P. Boudreau, Donald E. Canfield
A Provisional Diagenetic Model For Ph In Anoxic Porewaters: Application To The Foam Site, Bernard P. Boudreau, Donald E. Canfield
Journal of Marine Research
This paper presents a diffusion-advection-reaction model for the pH of anoxic porewaters in nonirrigated sediments. Because of the couplings demanded by the organic-matter decay reaction, various acid-base interconversions, dissolved-iron generation, and CaCO3 and FeS precipitation, the model does not consider H+ alone, but deals simultaneously with 17 dissolved species. The complex and largely unknown kinetics of some of the processes affecting these species have been approximated by simple ad hoc formulations. For this reason, the model must be considered provisional. We have also made extensive use of the local (partial) equilibrium assumption to circumvent the computational problems generated …
Phytoplankton Species Composition And Abundance In A Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring. Ii. Distributional Patterns, Richard W. Gould Jr., Greta A. Fryxell
Phytoplankton Species Composition And Abundance In A Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring. Ii. Distributional Patterns, Richard W. Gould Jr., Greta A. Fryxell
Journal of Marine Research
During the spring and summer of 1982, Gulf Stream warm core ring (WCR) 82B was sampled during four cruises from April to August to investigate phytoplankton distributional patterns. Discrete water samples from 28 stations were collected for identification and enumeration of phytoplankton. In April, when the water column was well mixed to 350 m, quantitative samples clustered by station when the 100 most frequently observed taxa were used as variables, indicating fairly unique assemblages at each station that were consistent with depth. Two transects across the ring in June showed a symmetrical diatom abundance maximum, dominated by Chaetoceros cf. vixvisibilis …
Convectively Driven Coastal Currents In A Rotating Basin, Scott A. Condie, Gregory N. Ivey
Convectively Driven Coastal Currents In A Rotating Basin, Scott A. Condie, Gregory N. Ivey
Journal of Marine Research
Density driven coastal currents were produced in the laboratory by differentially heating and cooling the end walls of a rotating rectangular cavity. After turning on the heat flux, intrusions propagated along the side walls of the cavity under an inertial buoyancy balance, with a geostrophic cross-stream balance. These boundary currents were internally stratified in temperature, while the environment during the early stages of development of the flow was isothermal. Rotational instabilities developed on the edge of the currents and broke to form cyclone-anticyclone eddy pairs. Measurements were made of the intrusion velocity, the temporal development of the width of the …
Tide Gauge Response To Tsunamis: Measurements At 40 Tide Gauge Stations In Japan, Kenji Satake, Masami Okada, Kuniaki Abe
Tide Gauge Response To Tsunamis: Measurements At 40 Tide Gauge Stations In Japan, Kenji Satake, Masami Okada, Kuniaki Abe
Journal of Marine Research
The responses of tide gauges to tsunamis are examined by in situ measurements at 40 stations in northeastern Japan. Recovery of water level in the tide well is measured after the water is drained or added to create a water level difference between the inside and outside of the wells. The recovery times for a 1 m water level difference, estimated from the observations, vary from station to station and range from 65 to 1300 sec. Tsunami waveforms on tide gauge records from the 1983 Japan Sea earthquake are corrected for the observed response. For those stations with the observed …
Eddy-Wall Interactions, Doron Nof
Eddy-Wall Interactions, Doron Nof
Journal of Marine Research
A nonlinear one and a half-layer model is considered to examine the collision of isolated eddies with vertical walls. The round undisturbed eddies are allowed to have relatively large amplitudes; they are bounded by a free streamline beyond which the ocean is stagnant. The inviscid interaction is examined by, conceptually, “cutting” the eddies with a straight vertical wall. The resulting events are studied using a perturbation expansion in ε, the nondimensional penetration of the wall into the vortices, i.e., “weak” interactions are examined. Two class of eddies are considered. The first consists of linear quasi-geostrophic eddies (i.e., small amplitude …
Mesoscale Heterogeneity Of The Wind-Driven Mixed Layer: Influence Of A Quasigeostrophic Flow, Patrice Klein, Bach Lien Hua
Mesoscale Heterogeneity Of The Wind-Driven Mixed Layer: Influence Of A Quasigeostrophic Flow, Patrice Klein, Bach Lien Hua
Journal of Marine Research
Weller (1982) and Kunze (1985) have shown that the presence of a geostrophic flow may be responsible for a large part of the observed mesoscale heterogeneity and intermittency of inertial oscillations. In this paper, the effects of this influence on the dynamics of the wind-driven mixed-layer (ML), in particular on entrainment and ML depth evolution, are analytically derived. A simple ML model including these effects is coupled with the quasigeostrophic numerical model of Hua and Haidvogel (1986) in order to investigate and characterize the specific effects of a quasigeostrophic flow on the ML spatial heterogeneity. Numerical results clearly show that …
Field Assessment Of Sediment Trap Efficiency Under Varying Flow Conditions, Edward T. Baker, Hugh B. Milburn, David A. Tennant
Field Assessment Of Sediment Trap Efficiency Under Varying Flow Conditions, Edward T. Baker, Hugh B. Milburn, David A. Tennant
Journal of Marine Research
Knowledge of the collection efficiency of sediment traps, particularly under conditions of varying current speed, is presently more a matter of hope than confidence. We report here on a field experiment designed to determine, for a particular trap geometry, the effect of current speed and particle fall velocity on the collection efficiency of a moored trap relative to the presumably unbiased efficiency of an identical drifting trap. The experiment was performed in a deep estuarine tidal passage where a smoothly varying unidirectional flow and a spatially homogenous particle population mimicked laboratory flume conditions. A multiple-sample sediment trap integrated to a …
Functional Response Of The Euphausiid Thysanoessa Raschii Grazing On Small Diatoms And Toxic Dinoflagellates, Sam Mcclatchie
Functional Response Of The Euphausiid Thysanoessa Raschii Grazing On Small Diatoms And Toxic Dinoflagellates, Sam Mcclatchie
Journal of Marine Research
The functional response of T. raschii feeding on monocultures of small phytoplankton at 0.4–14 μg pigment liter–1 was determined using a time-series method in a large volume flow-through grazing system. A model-free robust regression procedure aided by graphical and statistical methods was used to compare Ivlev, Michaelis-Menten, linear, Disk equation and Holling type III models. Ivlev, Michaelis-Menten and Disk equation models were less preferable to a linear model because their parameters were highly correlated and could not be uniquely determined, although they appear to fit the data graphically. Holling type III model did not fit the data. A …
Oscillations Of Macrobenthos In Shallow Waters Of The Peruvian Central Coast Induced By Ei Niño 1982-83, Juan Tarazona, Horst Salzwedel, Wolf Arntz
Oscillations Of Macrobenthos In Shallow Waters Of The Peruvian Central Coast Induced By Ei Niño 1982-83, Juan Tarazona, Horst Salzwedel, Wolf Arntz
Journal of Marine Research
Macrozoobenthos was sampled at 15 m (January 1982–October 1984) and 34 m depth (September 1981–September 1984) in the Bay of Ancón, north of Lima. Fluctuations in density, biomass, species composition and diversity of the fauna as well as oscillations in the density of several dominant species were studied in relation to temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. El Niño (EN) 1982–83 induced marked positive effects at both depths. Some of these changes prevailed in 1984 due to the increase of oxygen close to the seafloor and the persistence of higher O2 values during and after the phenomenon. The number of …
Response Of Small Motile Epifauna To Complexity Of Epiphytic Algae On Seagrass Blades, Margaret O. Hall, Susan S. Bell
Response Of Small Motile Epifauna To Complexity Of Epiphytic Algae On Seagrass Blades, Margaret O. Hall, Susan S. Bell
Journal of Marine Research
Field collections and experiments were performed to examine the relationship between the biomass of epiphytic algae (= habitat complexity) on Thalassia testudinum blades and the density of associated motile epifauna. Samples collected at Egmont Key, Florida indicated a significant positive association between the density of harpacticoid copepods, the most numerous taxon on seagrass blades, and biomass of the dominant epiphyte, Giffordia mitchelliae. Similar results were noted for nematodes, amphipods, and crustacean nauplii. Seagrass blades with large amounts of epiphytic algae are often older than blades with lesser amounts of algae, and have had a longer time to be colonized by …
The Northern Limit Of Spawning By Atlantic Eels (Anguilla Spp.) In The Sargasso Sea In Relation To Thermal Fronts And Surface Water Masses, Robert C. Kleckner, James D. Mccleave
The Northern Limit Of Spawning By Atlantic Eels (Anguilla Spp.) In The Sargasso Sea In Relation To Thermal Fronts And Surface Water Masses, Robert C. Kleckner, James D. Mccleave
Journal of Marine Research
American and European eels (Anguilla rostrata and A. anguilla) spawn in a large poorly defined area east of the Bahamas between about longitude 50W and 75W in the Sargasso Sea. We use the distribution of tiny Anguilla larvae taken in ichthyoplankton collections and associated characterizations of hydrography to test two hypotheses concerning distribution of water masses and the northern limit of spawning by both species. Data are presented from four transects of closely spaced stations conducted during February and April 1983 which refute our hypothesis that a positive correlation exists between the distribution of the Subtropical Underwater and …
The Comparison Of Macrobenthic Recolonization Patterns Near And Away From Crab Burrows On A Sublittoral Sand Flat, Simon F. Thrush
The Comparison Of Macrobenthic Recolonization Patterns Near And Away From Crab Burrows On A Sublittoral Sand Flat, Simon F. Thrush
Journal of Marine Research
This study assessed the influence of crab burrows (Macrophthalmus hirtipes) on localized patterns of macrobenthic colonization on a sand flat at 6 m depth in Otago Harbor, New Zealand. 150 m2 of surface sediments were artifically disturbed to simulate a storm and core samples were collected 2, 4, and 30 days later. At each time, samples were randomly collected near and away from crab burrows. A general pattern of high abundances away from burrows was apparent for most common taxa, number of taxa, number of individuals, and dominant polychaete feeding guilds. The differences in abundance near and …
Temperature Structure And Mixed Layer In The Kuroshio Region Over The Izu Ridge, Kimio Hanawa, Izumi Hoshino
Temperature Structure And Mixed Layer In The Kuroshio Region Over The Izu Ridge, Kimio Hanawa, Izumi Hoshino
Journal of Marine Research
Temperature data taken over the Izu Ridge during 1964–1986 were analyzed to present the mean temperature structure and the mixed layer in the Kuroshio Region. Since the Kuroshio radically changes its position over the Izu Ridge, in order to construct the rational mean fields, we made composite analyses of the data using a coordinate with its origin at the Kuroshio axis. In the southern part of the Kuroshio axis, the 15 and 12°C isotherms lie at depths of about 400 and 550 m, respectively, in all months analyzed. These depths are shallower by 250 m than those of the Gulf …