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Human Factors Considerations For Urban Air Mobility, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Meredith Carroll
Human Factors Considerations For Urban Air Mobility, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Meredith Carroll
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Before urban air mobility (UAM) flights are safely integrated into the current airspace system, it is necessary to identify and address human factors issues associated with UAM. Various industry and academic institutions are currently exploring a range of different aspects of UAM, such as vehicle concepts, airspace integration, and ground infrastructure, all of which have human factors implications. These human factors issues, which will heavily influence how UAM operations will evolve with growth in demand and autonomous technology, are in need of research. Potential human factors issues include UAM pilot’s trust in automation, situational awareness, visual scanning, decision-making capabilities, as …
An Analysis Of Information Requirements For Passengers Of (Autonomous) Urban Air Mobility Vehicles, Dennis B. Beringer
An Analysis Of Information Requirements For Passengers Of (Autonomous) Urban Air Mobility Vehicles, Dennis B. Beringer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Much effort has been put into examining control/monitoring strategies for semiautonomous/autonomous urban air mobility vehicles (UAMVs). Less has been done to define information requirements for passengers to facilitate their cognitive comfort. Similarities and differences between driverless automobiles (and transport-category aircraft) and UAMVs will both affect what information is needed and what operational factors influence that need, including; perceived locus of control, shared fate, ambient visibility, familiarity with the area to be traversed, and operational status of the vehicle. Information impacted includes route/progress (location, estimated time of arrival), phase of flight, and system status as well as communications between passenger and …
Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving, Tyler N. Morrison, Richard J. Jagacinski, Jordan Petrov
Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving, Tyler N. Morrison, Richard J. Jagacinski, Jordan Petrov
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Participants used a position control system to track the center of a simulated winding roadway with preview that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 s. Participants’ spatial distributions of attention were measured by perturbing the roadway with different frequency sinusoids at different roadway positions and then measuring the degree to which those frequencies were present in their tracking movements. Participants exhibited a continuous range of attention, and it lengthened with the amount of displayed preview. When preview disappeared for 5 s, longer time to regress to feedback control was strongly correlated with the amount of preview that was withdrawn. During preview …
Observing On-Demand Aircrew Transitioning From Paper To Electronic, Charla L. Long, Kevin M. Gildea
Observing On-Demand Aircrew Transitioning From Paper To Electronic, Charla L. Long, Kevin M. Gildea
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The introduction of electronic flight bags (EFBs) for flight crew use has reduced the overall workload, except in some situations if not designed properly or employed effectively. Researchers from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) undertook an observational study combined with crew interviews to assess overall flight crew operations including flight demands, procedures, and the methods the crews used to integrate EFBs into all aspects of their flights from preflight planning to postflight debrief. The researchers also examined the EFB applications (apps) themselves for general usability and developed some recommendations for ways EFB use in operations could be improved. General …
Viewing Air Battle Management Through The Lens Of Interdependence, Jordan E. Peterson, John M. Mcguirl, Michael E. Miller, Danielle Bales, Brianna Sternitzky
Viewing Air Battle Management Through The Lens Of Interdependence, Jordan E. Peterson, John M. Mcguirl, Michael E. Miller, Danielle Bales, Brianna Sternitzky
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Recent work has shown the importance of understanding and supporting interdependence relationships among agents engaging in complex, joint activities. Building on the Coactive Design Method of Johnson, the goal of this research was to determine the impact of providing operators with real-time information of team interdependencies. It was hypothesized that allowing operators to focus on maximizing the opportunities for team synergy would result in better planning in a dynamic environment. Operators in the Air Battle Management field used a decision aid that provided information on team interdependence during three combat scenarios. Effectiveness of the decision aid was measured by expert …
Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?, Christine M. Talker
Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?, Christine M. Talker
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Dealing successfully with unforeseen safety-critical situations is a prerequisite for save pilot performance. Studies applying new attention-based training approaches have revealed positive effects on emotion regulation and on concentration abilities. Hence, the question arises to what extent attention training would facilitate cognitive adaptation processes, thereby attenuating emotional stress responses and reducing performance decrements in unforeseen flight situations. Twenty-four pilots will be randomly assigned to two groups and will either be trained in attention regulation or in relaxation techniques. “Home training” will be followed by training in the flight simulator. Performance ratings, video and audio recordings, subjective data, and EDA data …
A Model Of Space Operator Training Motivation Using Serious Games, Foster E. Davis, Michael E. Miller
A Model Of Space Operator Training Motivation Using Serious Games, Foster E. Davis, Michael E. Miller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Services provided by spacecraft, including communications and global positioning, are integral to small businesses, multinational corporations, and the United States Department of Defense. United States rivals recognize the advantage provided by the space domain and are exploring ways to degrade these services in their warfare doctrine. In response, the United States requires space systems suited to counter these threats and personnel who are trained to respond to the newly contested environment. Training research has shown that trainee characteristics, including motivation, can significantly impact training outcomes. Beyond the training literature, guidelines have been developed for motivating game play which might apply …
Toward Modeling Pilot Workload In A Cognitive Architecture, Christopher Stevens, Christopher R. Fisher, Megan B. Morris
Toward Modeling Pilot Workload In A Cognitive Architecture, Christopher Stevens, Christopher R. Fisher, Megan B. Morris
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Characterizing and predicting pilot cognitive workload remains a formidable challenge, especially in tasks with a high perceptual/motor demand like aerial refueling. Cognitive models are useful tools for this, as they offer the potential to derive both performance and workload simulations before a test is conducted. We conducted a task analysis of a C-17 aerial refueling mission and developed a low-fidelity Atomic Components of Thought – Rational (ACT-R) model and environment to simulate the task. ACT-R models have been successful in predicting workload in other domains, such as menu navigation and problem solving. Eight aerial maneuvers were examined, including takeoff, climb, …
Knowns And Unknowns In Air Traffic Controller Safety Reports: Developing A New Method, Paul Krois, Julia Pounds
Knowns And Unknowns In Air Traffic Controller Safety Reports: Developing A New Method, Paul Krois, Julia Pounds
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Air traffic controllers in the Federal Aviation Administration can submit voluntary safety reports when significant safety concerns and potential safety events are encountered during their everyday operations. We tested two questions: Can safety reports be classified according to whether the risk was known or unknown to the controller or the system; and would classifying reports in this manner yield useful safety information? A sample of 36 reports was assessed using this known-unknown method. 55% of the reports were classified as risks known to the controller but unknown to the system. 17% of the reports were scored as known to both …
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction, Sarah Hubbard, Bryan Hubbard, Joseph Sobieralski
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction, Sarah Hubbard, Bryan Hubbard, Joseph Sobieralski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Airfield infrastructure projects are critical to ensure facilities are safe, in good condition and meet current standards. However, these airfield construction and reconstruction activities are usually conducted on an active airfield, which impose operational and human factors challenges for all users, including pilots, air traffic controllers, airport operations personnel, construction workers, and emergency responders. FAA recognizes the potential safety challenges, and provides supporting guidance and regulation as described in AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. While this guidance is valuable and enhances safety, there remain human factors issues that are worthy of investigation and discussion.
Informing Aviation Security Workforce Assessment And Selection Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic, Stephen R. Mitroff, Benjamin Sharpe
Informing Aviation Security Workforce Assessment And Selection Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic, Stephen R. Mitroff, Benjamin Sharpe
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the aviation security industry with short-and long-term challenges relating to workforce assessment that require thoughtful responses. In the short-term, the pandemic has made it difficult to administer typical assessment methods. In the long-term, as the pandemic’s impact lessens and travel regains pre-pandemic levels, organizations will need to decide how best to allocate current employees and onboard new employees. While the pandemic has created both selection and assessment challenges, it now opens the door for innovations to support organizations to be better prepared to support the traveling public. The current paper discusses a tool, XRAY Screener, …
Assessment Of A Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy In Utilizing An Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis, Michael E. Miller, Eric E. Geiselman, David W. Dommett, Brent T. Langhals, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, Julie A. Jackson
Assessment Of A Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy In Utilizing An Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis, Michael E. Miller, Eric E. Geiselman, David W. Dommett, Brent T. Langhals, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, Julie A. Jackson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This study examined how visual field performance asymmetries affect visual processing of complex, meaningful visual stimuli, such as the Arc-Segmented Attitude Reference (ASAR). Participants’ performance was collected in their recall and report of attitude information after briefly presented ASAR symbology within the peripheral visual field. Visual processing of the ASAR was assessed when making coordinate and categorical judgments at cardinal display locations for each of several flight contexts (roll left/right, climb, and dive). Primarily in coordinate tasking, performance trends were consistent with the horizontal-vertical anisotropy literature—performance is better on the horizontal meridian over the vertical meridian in the field of …
A Passive Electroencephalography Brain-Computer Interface Predicts Mental Workload During Flight Simulation, Adam Fraser, Kathleen Van Benthem, Chris M. Herdman
A Passive Electroencephalography Brain-Computer Interface Predicts Mental Workload During Flight Simulation, Adam Fraser, Kathleen Van Benthem, Chris M. Herdman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The objective of the present research was to investigate an electroencephalography (EEG) brain-computer interface (BCI) for monitoring realistic variations in mental workload during virtual reality (VR) flight simulation. Many aviation accidents are related to pilot cognition and a mismatch between task demands and cognitive resources. Real-time neurophysiological monitoring offers an approach to identifying high-workload mental states by obtaining continuous, objective measurements without adding to the workload of the pilot. Workload was manipulated by varying navigational difficulty and communication tasks during VR flight simulation. EEG data collected during simulated flight was analyzed to evaluate performance of passive BCI for classification of …
Measuring Motivation In Pilot Training Applicants, John D. Trent, Mark R. Rose
Measuring Motivation In Pilot Training Applicants, John D. Trent, Mark R. Rose
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
This study evaluated applicant motivation in pilot selection. Traditional measures of motivation have moderate to low predictive validity in flight training and often show large subgroup differences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a self-report measure of motivation by examining 1) dimensionality, 2) reliability, 3) predictive validity, 4) construct validity, 5) validity based on known groups, and
Pilot Situation Awareness And Risk Of Critical Incidents Using A Novel Online Flight Simulation Tool, Kirsten Brightman, Kathleen Van Benthem, Chris M. Herdman
Pilot Situation Awareness And Risk Of Critical Incidents Using A Novel Online Flight Simulation Tool, Kirsten Brightman, Kathleen Van Benthem, Chris M. Herdman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Pilot situation awareness (SA) is a critical influence on decision making and an important element in maintaining the safe control of an aircraft. The present research investigated whether measures of pilot SA, gathered via an online computer-based cognitive screening tool for pilots, could be used to predict pilot’s likelihood of real-world critical incidents. A risk score for each pilot was developed based on their self-reported critical incidents from their actual flight history. It was hypothesized that individuals with lower SA scores would have higher risk scores. The impact of age and pilot experience were also considered, as these factors are …
How To Teach College Aviation Students About Situation Awareness In A Virtual Classroom Setting, Andrew R. Dattel, Hui Wang, Nathaniel Booker, Andrei Matveev, Syaza R M Harris, Hanzi Xie, Zihao Zhang
How To Teach College Aviation Students About Situation Awareness In A Virtual Classroom Setting, Andrew R. Dattel, Hui Wang, Nathaniel Booker, Andrei Matveev, Syaza R M Harris, Hanzi Xie, Zihao Zhang
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Creating a group class project to demonstrate situation awareness (SA) can be an effective pedagogical approach. By engaging students in such projects, they can understand the meaning of SA — comprehension of relevant information in a dynamic environment (Durso et al., 2007). In an SA class taught at an aeronautical university during the past several years, students engaged in observational and interactive projects. However, COVID-19 has prohibited in-person activities. In lieu of such in-person activities, students enrolled in a virtual SA class during summer 2020 utilized online road cameras found at traffic intersections in Madrid, New York, and Tokyo. This …
Organizational Safety In Airline Operations, Esa Rantanen, Erik-Jan Hujibrechts
Organizational Safety In Airline Operations, Esa Rantanen, Erik-Jan Hujibrechts
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Organizational accidents is a category of accidents caused by organizational factors. They are rare but have widespread consequences, many defenses and multiple causes, they are associated with judging and deciding, and have a long “history”. Organizational accidents are also associated with highly regulated industries, such as aviation. There are several other constructs related to organizational factors undermining safety. Aviation is unfortunately closely associated with the traditional “Safety I” thinking, where adverse outcomes can be found at the end of causal chain and treating, and preferably eliminating, the causes will increase safety by preventing future accidents. An alternative view is “Safety …
Assessing The Relationships Between Organizational Management Factors (4ps) And A Resilient Safety Culture In A Collegiate Aviation Program With A Safety Management Systems (Sms), Daniel Kwasi Adjekum
Assessing The Relationships Between Organizational Management Factors (4ps) And A Resilient Safety Culture In A Collegiate Aviation Program With A Safety Management Systems (Sms), Daniel Kwasi Adjekum
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Resilient safety culture is a key factor in sustaining safety management systems (SMS) in a U.S. collegiate aviation program. The relationships between four organizational management factors (Principles, Policy, Procedures, Practices) and a resilient safety culture model based on Reason’s concept was assessed using an online survey instrument. Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique were used to assess measurement models of factors underlying a resilient safety culture. All four management factors had significant predictive relationship with resilient safety culture. Practices had the weakest predictive relationship with resilient safety culture and Policy had the highest. Procedures strongly mediated path between Policies and Practices …
The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment, M M Rene Van Paassen, Jelmer R. Reitsma, Erik_Jan A M Hujibrechts, Clark Borst, Annemarie Landman, Max Mulder
The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment, M M Rene Van Paassen, Jelmer R. Reitsma, Erik_Jan A M Hujibrechts, Clark Borst, Annemarie Landman, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In the analysis of human performance and human error, considerable attention is given to the cognitive processes of actors involved in error or success scenarios. Even with awareness of hindsight bias, it takes effort to understand the actions of agents in later inspection of error scenarios. One such topic of heated discussion was the perceived poor performance of pilots in the two 737 MAX MCAS-related crashes in applying the “memory item” checklist pertaining to a runaway trim. In this paper, we argue that it is not so much the reproduction of the checklist that was lacking in these scenarios, but …
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors, Shagun Gupta
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors, Shagun Gupta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Introduction-International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) SHELL model was designed to study and investigate the way the pilot interacted with the various dimensions of the model. Aim-The present study aimed to explore psychological aspects while flying using the dimensions of ICAO’s SHELL model of aviation. Methods-The study followed the qualitative research paradigm. The sample consisted of 9 (Males =4, Female =5) student trainee pilots in the age range of 18 – 21 years. They were subjected to in-depth interviews which lasted for around 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using the thematic network of analysis. Results-The results show that in the …
Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality, Ziho Kang, Jerry Crutchfield, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal
Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality, Ziho Kang, Jerry Crutchfield, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
If we could discover the visual scanning patterns of expert air traffic control operators (ATCOs), we could use those findings to better train novices. One critical issue is that visual scan paths can be complex even for a short period of time, therefore, a systematic approach is required to obtain clear and meaningful visual scanning patterns. We transformed the raw eye movement data of expert ATCOs into visual scanning patterns by using the collapsed eye movement sequences that occurred on important areas of interest, then visualized them based on accumulated time frames. We collected and subsequently analyzed controller eye movements …
Loss Of Situational Awareness During Commercial Flight Over Colombian Mountains, Oscar Sarmiento Mejia
Loss Of Situational Awareness During Commercial Flight Over Colombian Mountains, Oscar Sarmiento Mejia
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
No abstract provided.
The Effect To Human Performance And Wellbeing Of Air Traffic Management Operational Staff Through The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nathan Vink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The Covid-19 pandemic reduced air traffic levels in Europe by up to 95% and the system had to respond quickly to preserve safety, maintain efficiency and performance. Operators were significantly affected both in terms of individual and team performance, as well as the longer-term impact to skills and attitudes. Human Performance data from Operators has been collected through this period. The impact to safety risk due to underloading of human performance, as well as the longer-term impact to wellbeing and competencies of operators was analysed. The largest impact to staff was reduced performance because of anxiety and uncertainty around the …
Covid-19 Impacts On Collegiate Aviation Training, Xiaoyu O. Wu, Jacob J. Shila
Covid-19 Impacts On Collegiate Aviation Training, Xiaoyu O. Wu, Jacob J. Shila
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the aviation industry. The regular day-to-day fight training routines have been altered for several reasons, including physical distancing requirements, disrupted training schedule, and the increased level of concern. Aviation educators will likely need to adapt their programs to optimize the learning experience, maintain effective safety delivery, and ensure competent graduates. The impact of the month-long break in fight training on the airmanship skills is also unaccounted for. This study surveyed collegiate aviation students to identify the COVID-19 shut down impacts on both their fight skill developments and the over-all …
Reports Of Resilient Performance: Investigating Operators’ Descriptions Of Safety-Producing Behaviors In The Aviation Safety Reporting System, Jolene Feldman, Immanuel Barshi, Brian Smith, Bryan Matthews
Reports Of Resilient Performance: Investigating Operators’ Descriptions Of Safety-Producing Behaviors In The Aviation Safety Reporting System, Jolene Feldman, Immanuel Barshi, Brian Smith, Bryan Matthews
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
While many existing taxonomies and frameworks provide a common vocabulary for describing how human operators fail in the context of sociotechnical systems, at present, there is no common vocabulary to describe how humans succeed. Such a framework would facilitate systematically collecting and analyzing data on how human performance can produce safety, not just how it can reduce safety. One potentially rich source of currently available information for exploring desired performance is the reports submitted to NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). These de-identified, confidential, and voluntary narrative reports are submitted by pilots, controllers, ground operators, and others within aviation operations. …
The Role Of A Group Assessment Centre In The Selection Of Ab Initio Air Traffic Controllers, Jennifer Eaglestone, Alexander W J Arnold
The Role Of A Group Assessment Centre In The Selection Of Ab Initio Air Traffic Controllers, Jennifer Eaglestone, Alexander W J Arnold
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The selection of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) is known to be extensive and highly selective. Air Traffic Control the Netherlands (LVNL) has a six-stage procedure for ab initio applicants. It includes two rounds of cognitive ability testing, personality testing, two job sample tests, an interview, and an assessment centre (AC). This study examines the construct-and predictive validity of the AC using 15 dimension-scores as predictor variables, with the final score on a high-fidelity job sample test as the dependent variable (criterion). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the 15 dimension-scores resulted in two components, one (inter)personal behaviour component and one …
Evaluating The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulator Research Methods To Study Airline Flight Crew Resilience, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel, Daniel Kiggins, Kathryn Ballard, Jon Holbrook
Evaluating The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulator Research Methods To Study Airline Flight Crew Resilience, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel, Daniel Kiggins, Kathryn Ballard, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
As it evolves, aviation will continue to require integration of a wide range of safety systems and practices, some of which are already in place and others that are yet to be developed. New concepts in system safety thinking have emerged to consider not only what may go wrong, but also what can be learned when things go right during commercial flight operations. Taken together, these complementary perspectives form a more comprehensive approach to system safety thinking that can help to recognize and preserve the resilient performance capabilities currently provided by humans. A need exists, however, for research methods to …
The Impacts On The Flight Crew With The Implementation Of The Airborne Image Recorder System (Airs) In The Cockpit, Tatiana Lícia Da Silva Rangel, Marcelo Fernandes Da Costa
The Impacts On The Flight Crew With The Implementation Of The Airborne Image Recorder System (Airs) In The Cockpit, Tatiana Lícia Da Silva Rangel, Marcelo Fernandes Da Costa
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The technological resources used in aviation are widely used in the occurrence investigations process. However, they present technical-operational limitations, mainly regarding the reliable reproduction of the information that the flight crew really has. The implantation proposal of the Airborne Image Recording System (AIRs) arises to overcome these technical limitations presented by other technologies. Thus, this study aimed to verify if the implantation of AIRs in the cockpit could affect the pilot’s perception, behavior and performance during flight. Preliminary results with ten volunteer pilots performing in a flight simulator in Brazil pointed to a series of behavioral and performance changes when …
Using A Perceptual Speed Test To Predict Flight Training Performance: New Findings, Diane L. Damos, Alvah C. Bittner, Mary Niemczyk
Using A Perceptual Speed Test To Predict Flight Training Performance: New Findings, Diane L. Damos, Alvah C. Bittner, Mary Niemczyk
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Using a Perceptual Speed Test to Predict Flight Training Performance: New Findings
Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf), Karunakarar Thevaki, Lim Yuhan, Christopher De Roza, Janine Loi En Qi, Grace Yip Kam Luen
Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf), Karunakarar Thevaki, Lim Yuhan, Christopher De Roza, Janine Loi En Qi, Grace Yip Kam Luen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The study examined the predictive validity of the Computerised Aptitude Selection System (COMPASS) that was set up to support the RSAF in its selection of pilots and other vocations. COMPASS measures cognitive abilities theoretically identified to be relevant to the vocation and was introduced for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pilot selection since 2003. With fast changing technological advancement of the UAVs, it is important that validation studies are regularly conducted to improve the effectiveness of the test suite in predicting training success. 219 UAV Pilot applicants’ COMPASS scores were analysed against their actual training outcomes to determine a theoretically and …