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An Extension Of The Dimensional Comparison Theory: A Test Of Emotional Intelligence Self-Concepts., Caitlin J. Spencer

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

According to the Dimensional Comparison Theory (DCT), individuals’ self-concepts of abilities are influenced not only by external sources of evaluation within the same domain, but also internal comparisons of abilities across different domains, resulting in negative contrast effects for self-concepts in dissimilar domains and positive assimilation effects for self-concepts in similar domains. These dimensional comparisons have been primarily tested with academic domains to date, yet social-emotional learning is an important complement to academic learning. The present study sought to extend the DCT to Emotional Intelligence (EI) self-concepts in a sample of 1,069 Canadian children and adolescents, aged 9-18 years. Using …

Averting The Foul Taste Of Pediatric Medicines Improves Adherence And Can Be Lifesaving - Pheburane® (Sodium Phenylbutyrate), Gideon Koren, Michael J. Rieder, Yona Amitai

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Children’s aversions to poor and mostly bitter tastes and their inability to swallow tablets and capsules are major challenges in pediatric medicine. Sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) is a lifesaving waste nitrogen, alternative to urea nitrogen, for individuals suffering from urea cycle disorders. A major issue in the use of NaPB is its highly foul taste, which often leads to children being unable to consume it, resulting in ineffective treatment, or alternatively, necessitating the application of the drug through a nasogastric tube or gastrostomy. Methods: This study reviews the published data on a novel formulation of NaPB, Pheburane® granules, which begin …

Predictors Of Language Outcome For Children In The Ontario Infant Hearing Program, Olivia M. Daub

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Ontario Infant Hearing Program (OIHP) provides early interventions (i.e., hearing aids) to children who are hard of hearing (CHH) because research consistently demonstrates their benefit to language outcomes. The impact of pre-fitting language abilities on these outcomes are not well understood.

This retrospective cohort analysis examined the performance of OIHP children on the Preschool Language Scale-4 at the time of (n=47), and after (n=19), initial hearing aid intervention. Regression analyses revealed that, before amplification, hearing loss severity predicted language abilities. However, after amplification, severity of hearing loss did not uniquely predict language achievement, but rather …

An Exploration Of The Knowledge, Skills, And Attitudes Of Ontario Elementary School Teachers Regarding Concussion Within The School Environment, Sarah J. Jorgensen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

For young people, concussion can be a significant injury impacting all aspects of life including attendance and participation at school. As of January 30, 2015, the Ontario Ministry of Education expected that all school boards have in place a fully implemented concussion policy. The purpose of this study was to explore teacher’s current knowledge, skills, and attitudes of concussion, in comparison with the knowledge expected of them by the Ministry of Education. Results suggest that teachers, regardless of the current level of implementation of policy, have a basic understanding of what concussion is, what some of the signs and symptoms …

Impact Of Registration On Clinical Trials On Infection Risk In Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia, David Dix, Richard Aplenc, Lynette Bowes, Sonia Cellot, Marie Chantal Ethier, Jim Feusner, Biljana Gillmeister, Donna L. Johnston, Victor Lewis, Bruno Michon, David Mitchell, Carol Portwine, Victoria Price, Mariana Silva, Kent Stobart, Rochelle Yanofsky, Shayna Zelcer, Joseph Beyene, Lillian Sung

Paediatrics Publications

Little is known about the impact of enrollment on therapeutic clinical trials on adverse event rates. Primary objective was to describe the impact of clinical trial registration on sterile site microbiologically documented infection for children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted a multicenter cohort study that included children aged ≤18 years with de novo AML. Primary outcome was microbiologically documented sterile site infection. Infection rates were compared between those registered and not registered on clinical trials. Five hundred seventy-four children with AML were included of which 198 (34.5%) were registered on a therapeutic clinical trial. Overall, 400 …

Free Range Kids? Using Gps-Derived Activity Spaces To Examine Children’S Neighborhood Activity And Mobility, Janet E. Loebach, Jason A. Gilliland

Human Environments Analysis Lab (HEAL)

This study examines the neighborhood activity spaces (NAS) of 9- to 13-year-old children (n = 143) from seven schools in London, Canada. Data from Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers worn for 7 days were used to isolate and test measures for children’s pedestrian-based neighborhood activity: the maximum distance traveled from home and relative time spent in neighborhood settings. Descriptive and linear regression analyses examined the influence of individual, perceptual, and environmental factors on neighborhood use and travel. Participants spent a large portion of their out-of-school time (75%) in their NAS. Although traveling far from home on occasion, 94.5% of …

Children's Physical Activity And The Built Environment: The Impact Of Neighbourhood Opportunities And Contextual Environmental Exposure, Christine A. Mitchell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically since 1981, in part due to decreased physical activity (PA) levels. Research suggests that PA is influenced in part by an individual’s exposure to and engagement with their built environment. Using a multi-tool protocol, this thesis examines how (a) neighbourhood opportunities facilitate or constrain children’s moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and (b) contextual environmental exposure facilitates or constrains children’s MVPA. Results suggest that children’s MVPA is influenced by their built environment, but more so by the contextual environments that they are directly exposed to rather than their overall neighbourhood settings. Children are mobile and unlikely to …

Neighbourhood Play On The Endangered: Examining Patterns In Children’S Local Activity And Mobility Using Gps Monitoring And Qualitative Gis, Janet E. Loebach, Jason A. Gilliland

Human Environments Analysis Lab (HEAL)

Children's time and freedom for independent neighbourhood activity is severely declining, which may be adversely impacting their healthy development. This study integrates GPS activity monitoring and environmental analysis in a geographic information system with activity diaries, annotated maps, surveys, and map-enhanced interviews to conduct a deep pattern analysis of children's habitual neighbourhood behaviour (n = 23; aged 9–13 years) from each an urban and suburban school neighbourhood within London, Canada. Patterns in children's primary activities and settings, independent mobility (IM) levels, and perception and use of neighbourhood affordances are examined. Participants note a diverse range of local independent destinations, …

Design And Conduct Of Early Phase Drug Studies In Children: Challenges And Opportunities, Michael Rieder, Daniel Hawcutt

Paediatrics Publications

It has historically been very difficult to conduct early phase drug studies in children for a number of reasons related to ethics, acceptability, rarity, standardization, end points, safety, dosing and feasibility. Over the past decade there have been a number of developments including novel clinical trial design, in silico pharmacology and microdosing that have significantly enhanced the ability of investigators to conduct early phase drug studies in children. While the evolution of drug therapy is creating a series of new challenges, there has never been a better time for conducting drug studies in children.