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Cross-Sectional Morphology And Mechanical Loading In Plio-Pleistocene Hominins: Implications For Locomotion And Taxonomy, Michele M. Bleuze Ms.

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study explores locomotion and locomotor variability in Plio-Pleistocene hominins by examining cross-sectional properties and mechanical loading patterns in the proximal and midshaft femur of Paranthropus, fossil Homo sp. and H. erectus. Modern human and Pan models are used for comparative purposes. Cross-sectional properties in the proximal and midshaft femur of fossil hominins are examined to test the hypothesis that members of the same genus should exhibit similar locomotor behavior. In the proximal femur, fossil Homo sp. cluster with modern humans to the exclusion of Paranthropus, and East and South African Paranthropus cluster together. Group differences are primarily due to …

The Contribution Of The Capitellum And Capitellar Implants To Elbow Biomechanics, Marlis Tamara Sabo

Digitized Theses

Pathologies affecting the humeral capitellum include osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), fracture, and arthrosis. This work assessed the capitellum's role in elbow kinematics and stability to help guide clinical treatment decisions. The effects of OCD lesions and coronal shear distal humeral fractures were examined using a cadaveric model in an elbow simulator. Capitellar OCD lesions did not cause significant kinematic alterations, while fractures involving the trochlea did. The trochlea is a critical stabilizer whereas the capitellum is not in the setting of intact ligaments. However, given the capitellum's other functions, a detailed anthropometric analysis of the capitellum was undertaken and spherical and …

Design, Development, And Biomechanical Testing Of A Novel Prosthetic Replacement For The Coronoid Process, Alia Brianne Gray

Digitized Theses

The coronoid process is considered an integral structure for maintaining the stability of the elbow joint. While most fractures of the coronoid are successfully treated with open reduction and internal fixation, there is currently no reliable method to manage severely comminuted fractures. A prosthetic device is required to replace the coronoid in the setting of unreconstructable fractures. The stabilizing effect of a coronoid prosthesis, designed based on an anthropometric characterization of the proximal ulna, was investigated in an elbow joint motion

simulator. The prosthesis was found to effectively restore stability to the coronoid deficient elbow. Additionally, a biomechanical investigation was …