Digital Commons Network^™

The Cerebral Response During Subjective Choice With And Without Self-Reference, Sterling C. Johnson, Taylor W. Schmitz, Tisha N. Kawahara-Baccus, Howard A. Rowley, Andrew L. Alexander, Jonghoon Lee, Richard J. Davidson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The anterior medial prefrontal (AMPFC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices are active during self-referential decision-making tasks such as when participants appraise traits and abilities, or current affect. Other appraisal tasks requiring an evaluative decision or mental representation, such as theory of mind and perspective-taking tasks, also involve these regions. In many instances, these types of decisions involve a subjective opinion or preference, but also a degree of ambiguity in the decision, rather than a strictly veridical response. However, this ambiguity is generally not controlled for in studies that examine self-referential decision-making. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 17 healthy …

Development Of The Anxiety Change Expectancy Scale (Aces) And Validation In College, Community, And Clinical Samples., David J A Dozois, Henny A Westra

Psychology Publications

This study investigated the psychometric properties of a newly developed 20-item instrument that assesses one's anticipation of being able to change anxiety: the Anxiety Change Expectancy Scale (ACES). Study 1 evaluated the ACES in undergraduate university students, self-identified as experiencing difficulties with anxiety. Study 2 examined the ACES in a community sample of persons with anxiety difficulties. Study 3 tested the utility of the ACES in predicting treatment change in a group of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder participating in group cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety. Across these samples, the ACES demonstrated excellent internal reliability (coefficient alphas=.89-.92) as well as …

Cortical Regions Associated With Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation During Lower Body Negative Pressure In Humans., Derek S Kimmerly, Deborah D O'Leary, Ravi S Menon, Joseph S Gati, J Kevin Shoemaker

Kinesiology Publications

The purpose of the present study was to determine the cortical structures involved with integrated baroreceptor-mediated modulation of autonomic cardiovascular function in conscious humans independent of changes in arterial blood pressure. We assessed the brain regions associated with lower body negative pressure (LBNP)-induced baroreflex control using functional magnetic resonance imaging with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in eight healthy male volunteer subjects. The levels of LBNP administered were 5, 15 and 35 mmHg. Heart rate (HR; representing the cardiovascular response) and LBNP (representing the baroreceptor activation level) were simultaneously monitored during the scanning period. In addition, estimated central venous pressure …

Carotid Endarterectomy - An Evidence-Based Review: Report Of The Therapeutics And Technology Assessment Subcommittee Of The American Academy Of Neurology, S. Chaturvedi, A. Bruno, T. Feasby, R. Holloway, O. Benavente, S. N. Cohen, R. Cote, D. Hess, J. Saver, J. D. Spence, B. Stern, J. Wilterdink

Department of Medicine Publications

Objective: To assess the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for stroke prevention in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. Additional clinical scenarios, such as use of endarterectomy combined with cardiac surgery, are also reviewed. Methods: The authors selected nine important clinical questions. A systematic search was performed for articles from 1990 (the year of the last statement) until 2001. Additional articles from 2002 through 2004 were included using prespecified criteria. Two reviewers also screened for other relevant articles from 2002 to 2004. Case reports, review articles, technical studies, and single surgeon case series were excluded. Results: For several …

Fostering Interactions: The Networking Needs Of Community Health Nursing Researchers And Decision Makers, Anita Kothari, Nancy Edwards, Susan Brajtman, Barbara Campbell, Nadia Hamel, Frances Legault, Judy Mill, Ruta Valaitis

Health Studies Publications

The purpose of the study on which this article is based was to determine the current extent of linkages among Canadian community health nursing researchers and decision makers and to identify perceptions around the structure and function of potential networks. A qualitative research design was utilised to develop common themes across focus groups, a workshop and key informant interviews. The findings suggest that there is a need for a formal community health network to provide an efficient and timely means to link the expertise required to tackle complex community health policy problems, and to create supports for advancing community health …

Clinical Kidney Transplantation: A 50th Anniversary Review Of The First Reported Series, Vivian Charles Mcalister

Surgery Publications

BACKGROUND: Histories of kidney transplantation rarely mention a series reported by Gordon Murray of Toronto and published by the American Journal of Surgery 50 years ago.

METHODS: The papers and biographies of Gordon Murray were reviewed in the context of knowledge at that time about renal failure management to determine their contribution to transplantation research and to current practice.

RESULTS: Murray proceeded from a unique leadership position in vascular surgery, anticoagulation therapy, and dialysis to undertake a rational series of animal experiments and human trials of kidney transplantation that led him to the practices of graft irrigation, cold storage, pelvic …

Study Of System Parameters And Control Design For A Flexible Manipulator Using Piezoelectric Transducers, Mehrdad Kermani Ph.D., P.Eng., Mehrdad Moallem, Rajni Patel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (Mapk) Blockade Of Bovine Preimplantation Embryogenesis Requires Inhibition Of Both P38 And Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (Erk) Pathways., Pavneesh Madan, Michele D Calder, Andrew J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Blastocyst formation, as a critical period during development, is an effective indicator of embryonic health and reproductive efficiency. Out of a number of mechanisms underlying blastocyst formation, highly conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling has emerged as a major mechanism involved in regulating murine preimplantation embryo development. The objective of our study was to ascertain the role of MAPK signaling in regulating bovine development to the blastocyst stage. Using reverse transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemical staining procedures we have demonstrated that mRNA transcripts and polypeptides encoding p38 MAPK pathway constituents are detectable in preimplantation bovine embryos from the one-cell to the …

Vitamin B12, Homocysteine And Carotid Plaque In The Era Of Folic Acid Fortification Of Enriched Cereal Grain Products, Julie Robertson, Francesco Iemolo, Sally P. Stabler, Robert H. Allen, J. David Spence

Department of Medicine Publications

Background: Carotid plaque area is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. High homocysteine levels, which are associated with plaque formation, can result from inadequate intake of folate and vitamin B12. Now that folic acid fortification is widespread in North America, vitamin B12 has become an important determinant of homocysteine levels. We sought to determine the prevalence of low serum levels of vitamin B12, and their relation to homocysteine levels and carotid plaque area among patients referred for treatment of vascular disease since folic acid fortification of enriched grain products. Methods: We evaluated 421 consecutive new patients with complete data whom …

Investigating The Causes Of Low Birth Weight In Contrasting Ovine Paradigms., J M Wallace, Timothy Regnault, S W Limesand, W W Hay, R V Anthony

Paediatrics Publications

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) still accounts for a large incidence of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many of the circulatory and transport properties of the sheep placenta are similar to those of the human placenta and as such, the pregnant sheep offers an excellent model in which to study the development of IUGR. Two natural models of ovine IUGR are those of hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy, and adolescent overfeeding, also during pregnancy. Both models yield significantly reduced placental weights and an asymmetrically growth-restricted fetus, and display altered maternal hormone concentrations, indicative of an impaired trophoblast capacity. Additionally, impaired placental angiogenesis …

Glutamate Receptors In Perirhinal Cortex Mediate Encoding, Retrieval, And Consolidation Of Object Recognition Memory., Boyer D Winters, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Object recognition is consistently impaired in human amnesia and animal models thereof. Results from subjects with permanent brain damage have revealed the importance of the perirhinal cortex to object recognition memory. Here, we report evidence from rats for interdependent but distinct stages in object recognition memory (encoding, retrieval, and consolidation), which require glutamate receptor activity within perirhinal cortex. Transient blockade of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission within perirhinal cortex disrupted encoding for short- and long-term memory as well as retrieval and consolidation. In contrast, transient NMDA receptor blockade during encoding affected only long-term object recognition memory; NMDA receptor activity was also …

Environmental Issues, N.A,

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.

The Definition Of "Gender" In The Rome Statute Of The International Criminal Court: A Step Forward Or Back For International Criminal Justice?, Valerie Oosterveld

Law Publications

No abstract provided.

Stage At Diagnosis And Cancer Survival For Indigenous Australians In The Northern Territory, John R. Condon, Tony Barnes, Bruce K. Armstrong, Sid Selva-Nayagam, J. Mark Elwood

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objective: To investigate whether Indigenous Australians with cancer have more advanced disease at diagnosis than other Australians, and whether late diagnosis explains lower Indigenous cancer survival rates. Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting and participants: Indigenous and non-Indigenous people diagnosed with cancers of the colon and rectum, lung, breast or cervix and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1991–2000. Main outcome measures: SEER summary stage of cancer at diagnosis (local, regional or distant spread), cause-specific cancer survival rates and relative risk of cancer death.

Results: Diagnosis with advanced disease (regional or distant spread) was more common for Indigenous …

Leveraging Knowledge Assets: Can Law Reform Help?, Margaret Ann Wilkinson, Mark Perry

Law Publications

No abstract provided.

“Can Con” On The Www, Keith Chapman, Lisa Rae Philpott

Western Libraries Presentations

No abstract provided.

Transient Inactivation Of Perirhinal Cortex Disrupts Encoding, Retrieval, And Consolidation Of Object Recognition Memory., Boyer D Winters, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Damage to perirhinal cortex (PRh) impairs object recognition memory in humans, monkeys, and rats when tested in tasks such as delayed nonmatching to sample, visual paired comparison, and its rodent analog, the spontaneous object recognition task. In the present study, we have capitalized on the discrete one-trial nature of the spontaneous object recognition task to investigate the role of PRh in several distinct stages of object recognition memory. In a series of experiments, transient inactivation of PRh was accomplished with bilateral infusions of lidocaine directly into PRh immediately before the sample phase (encoding), immediately before the choice phase (retrieval), or …

Building An Ethical Architecture: Habitat And The Shape Of Radical Humanism, Kim Solga

Department of English Publications

No abstract provided.

Testing Theory And Debunking Stereotypes: Lawyers' Views On The Practice Of Law, Margaret Ann Wilkinson, Christina Walker, Peter Mercer

Law Publications

This article is the final report of a study of legal ethics and professionalism involving in depth interviews about problem solving conducted with nearly two hundred lawyers practicing in various settings: in different sizes of firms, in different sizes of communities, in private practice and in in-house or corporate counsel positions. Previously published findings of this research project having established that lawyers rarely turn to their ethical codes to solve problems, preferring instead to rely upon informal information gleaned from within their own offices (although lawyers from smaller firms remain more often comfortable with information drawn from beyond the firm …

Gender-Sensitive Justice And The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda: Lessons Learned For The International Criminal Court, Valerie Oosterveld

Law Publications

No abstract provided.

Canadian Federalism, The Privy Council And The Supreme Court: Reflections On The Debate About Canadian Federalism, Wade Wright, Peter Hogg

Law Publications

No abstract provided.

Opportunities For Video Lottery Terminal Gambling In Montréal: An Environmental Analysis, Jason A. Gilliland, Nancy A. Ross

Geography & Environment Publications

Background: In the province of Québec, video lottery terminal (VLT) gambling has proliferated under government control since 1 993. The aims of this study were to describe the spatial distribution of video lottery terminals (VLTs) in the municipalities of Montréal and Laval and to identify neighbourhood socio-economic conditions associated with their distribution.

Method: Locations of all establishments holding VLT licences in Montréal and Laval (n=834) were geocoded by their street address. Boroughs (n=49) were characterized by socio-economic indicators (unemployment, educational attainment, lone parenthood), a neighbourhood distress index, and measures of VLT prevalence, VLT adoption and VLT density.

Results: VLT prevalence, …

Information Provision For Informed Prenatal Decision Making, Jacquelyn Burkell, Pamela J. Mckenzie

FIMS Presentations

Abstract: In decision making in maternity care, midwives provide information to support clientcentred decisions. Although midwives are expected to maintain neutrality, a variety of concerns limit nondirectiveness. The impact of these concerns is explored through qualitative analysis of midwife-client interactions. The results provide insight into what counts as “information” in these interactions. Résumé : Lors de la prise de décision dans les soins de maternité, les sages-femmes offrent des informations pour soutenir les décisions de leurs patientes. Bien que l’on suppose que les sages-femmes doivent conserver une certaine neutralité, de nombreuses préoccupations limitent le manque de directives. L’impact de ces …

Y: New Component-Based Software Life Cycle Model, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

With the need to produce ever larger and more complex software systems, the use of reusable components has become increasingly imperative. Of the many existing and proposed techniques for software development, it seems clear that component-based software development will be at the forefront of new approaches to the production of software systems and holds the promise of substantially enhancing the software production and maintenance process. Attempts to rationalize component-based development have to recognize that the construction of a software system is a complex multifaceted activity that involves domain engineering, frame working, assembling, archiving and design of software components. These activities, …

Aboriginal Pastoralism, Social Embeddedness, And Cultural Continuity In Central Australia, Nicholas Gill

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Aboriginal people are involved in pastoral enterprises throughout the inland and north of Australia. This has generated difficulties as landowners and policymakers struggled with conflicts between Aboriginal social structures and the demands of running commercial businesses. Problems often arose due to imposition of nonindigenous norms regarding land use. It has been suggested that pastoralism can generate social and cultural benefits for Aboriginal landowners, but these have not been investigated in any detail. Drawing on the concept of social embeddedness and fieldwork with Aboriginal pastoralists, this article identifies, describes, and ranks sociocultural benefits arising from Aboriginal pastoralism. Pastoralism fulfilled uniquely Aboriginal …

Country: Being And Belonging On Aboriginal Lands, Melissa Lucashenko

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.

A Child Welfare Course For Aboriginal And Non- Aboriginal Students: Pedagogical And Technical Challenges, Jacquie Rice-Green, Gary C. Dumbrill

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

This chapter describes the development of a Web-based undergraduate child welfare course for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal learners. Rather than simply incorporate an Aboriginal perspective into Eurocentric pedagogies and course structures, the authors disrupt the dominance of Western ways of knowing in education by designing the course to situate Western knowledge as a way of knowing rather than the way of knowing and the frame from which all other perspectives are understood. In this research the authors describe the differences between Aboriginal and European thought and reveal how Web-based courses can be designed in ways that do not perpetuate Eurocentrism.

The Experience Of Urban Aboriginals With Health Care Services In Canada, Ron Levin, Margot Herbert

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

This exploratory study investigates the experience of Cana- dian Urban Aboriginal persons as consumers of health care services. Re- sults highlight significant gaps in the training, skills, and knowledge of health care providers to optimally serve their Aboriginal patients. Also, sev- eral programs which are potentially most problematic for Aboriginal pa- tients are identified. The discussion outlines important roles for hospital social workers in improving the care provided to urban Aboriginal patients.

Assimilation Of The Sami - Implementation And Consequences, Henry Minde

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

In May 2002 the Norwegian Sami Parliament discussed a motion put forward by the government of establishing a Sami people's fund as an act of reconciliation; to compensate for the state's former policy of norwe- gianisation [assimilation]. In conjunction with this case, the present article was originally written as a background paper to depict the present state of knowledge about the minority policy toward the Sami (1850- 1980). The paper shows that on one hand great efforts have been made to clarify the political aspects of norwegianisation towards the Sami and the Kven. One can conclude that the state's efforts …

‘Improving Their Lives.’ State Policies And San Resistance In Botswana, Sidsel Saugestad

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

A court case raised by a group of San (former) hunter-gatherers, protesting against relocation from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, has attracted considerable international attention. The Government of Botswana argues that the relocation was done in order to ‘improve the lives’ of the residents, and that it was in their own best interest. The residents plead their right to stay in their traditional territories, a right increasingly acknowledged in international law, and claim that they did not relocate voluntarily. The case started in 2004 and will, due to long interspersed adjournments, go on into 2006.

This article traces the events …