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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
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Reversible Cooling-Induced Deactivations To Study Cortical Contributions To Obstacle Memory In The Walking Cat, Carmen Wong, Stephen G. Lomber
Reversible Cooling-Induced Deactivations To Study Cortical Contributions To Obstacle Memory In The Walking Cat, Carmen Wong, Stephen G. Lomber
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
On complex, naturalistic terrain, sensory information about an environmental obstacle can be used to rapidly adjust locomotor movements for avoidance. For example, in the cat, visual information about an impending obstacle can modulate stepping for avoidance. Locomotor adaptation can also occur independent of vision, as sudden tactile inputs to the leg by an expected obstacle can modify the stepping of all four legs for avoidance. Such complex locomotor coordination involves supraspinal structures, such as the parietal cortex. This protocol describes the use of reversible, cooling-induced cortical deactivation to assess parietal cortex contributions to memory-guided obstacle locomotion in the cat. Small …
Higher And Lower Order Factor Analyses Of The Temperament In Middle Childhood Questionnaire., Yuliya Kotelnikova, Thomas M Olino, Daniel N Klein, Sarah V M Mackrell, Elizabeth P Hayden
Higher And Lower Order Factor Analyses Of The Temperament In Middle Childhood Questionnaire., Yuliya Kotelnikova, Thomas M Olino, Daniel N Klein, Sarah V M Mackrell, Elizabeth P Hayden
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) is a widely used parent-report measure of temperament. However, neither its lower nor higher order structures has been tested via a bottom-up, empirically based approach. We conducted higher and lower order exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) of the TMCQ in a large ( N = 654) sample of 9-year-olds. Item-level EFAs identified 92 items as suitable (i.e., with loadings ≥.40) for constructing lower order factors, only half of which resembled a TMCQ scale posited by the measure's authors. Higher order EFAs of the lower order factors showed that a three-factor structure (Impulsivity/Negative Affectivity, Negative …
Hippocampal Gaba Enables Inhibitory Control Over Unwanted Thoughts, Taylor W. Schmitz, Marta M. Correia, Catarina S. Ferreira, Andrew P. Prescot, Michael C. Anderson
Hippocampal Gaba Enables Inhibitory Control Over Unwanted Thoughts, Taylor W. Schmitz, Marta M. Correia, Catarina S. Ferreira, Andrew P. Prescot, Michael C. Anderson
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
© 2017 The Author(s). Intrusive memories, images, and hallucinations are hallmark symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Although often attributed to deficient inhibitory control by the prefrontal cortex, difficulty in controlling intrusive thoughts is also associated with hippocampal hyperactivity, arising from dysfunctional GABAergic interneurons. How hippocampal GABA contributes to stopping unwanted thoughts is unknown. Here we show that GABAergic inhibition of hippocampal retrieval activity forms a key link in a fronto-hippocampal inhibitory control pathway underlying thought suppression. Subjects viewed reminders of unwanted thoughts and tried to suppress retrieval while being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Suppression reduced hippocampal activity and memory …
Dorsal Striatum Mediates Deliberate Decision Making, Not Late-Stage, Stimulus–Response Learning, Nole M. Hiebert, Adrian M. Owen, Ken N. Seergobin, Penny A. Macdonald
Dorsal Striatum Mediates Deliberate Decision Making, Not Late-Stage, Stimulus–Response Learning, Nole M. Hiebert, Adrian M. Owen, Ken N. Seergobin, Penny A. Macdonald
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
We investigated a controversy regarding the role of the dorsal striatum (DS) in deliberate decision-making versus late-stage, stimulus–response learning to the point of automatization. Participants learned to associate abstract images with right or left button presses explicitly before strengthening these associations through stimulus–response trials with (i.e., Session 1) and without (i.e., Session 2) feedback. In Session 1, trials were divided into response-selection and feedback events to separately assess decision versus learning processes. Session 3 evaluated stimulus–response automaticity using a location Stroop task. DS activity correlated with response-selection and not feedback events in Phase 1 (i.e., Blocks 1–3), Session 1. Longer …
Interdisciplinary Complication Management Of Dislodged Lumbar Interbody Spacer In Pulmonary Artery, Stefan Köhler
Interdisciplinary Complication Management Of Dislodged Lumbar Interbody Spacer In Pulmonary Artery, Stefan Köhler
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
We report the case of an intraoperatively dislodged transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion spacer with creation of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula and device migration to the pulmonary artery. Successful minimally invasive angiographic retrieval of the spacer is discussed with special reference to angiographic and surgical treatment strategies and pitfalls.
Generalization Of Perceptual Learning Of Degraded Speech Across Talkers, Julia Jones Huyck, Rachel H. Smith, Sarah Hawkins, Ingrid S. Johnsrude
Generalization Of Perceptual Learning Of Degraded Speech Across Talkers, Julia Jones Huyck, Rachel H. Smith, Sarah Hawkins, Ingrid S. Johnsrude
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Purpose: We investigated whether perceptual learning of noise-vocoded (NV) speech is specific to a particular talker or accent. Method: Four groups of listeners (n = 18 per group) were first trained by listening to 20 NV sentences that had been recorded by a talker with either the same native accent as the listeners or a different regional accent. They then heard 20 novel NV sentences from either the native- or nonnative-accented talker (test), in a 2 × 2 (Training Talker per Accent × Test Talker per Accent) design. Results: Word-report scores at test for participants trained and tested with the …
Spatial Structure Normalises Working Memory Performance In Parkinson's Disease, Sean J. Fallon, Daniel Bor, Adam Hampshire, Roger A. Barker, Adrian M. Owen
Spatial Structure Normalises Working Memory Performance In Parkinson's Disease, Sean J. Fallon, Daniel Bor, Adam Hampshire, Roger A. Barker, Adrian M. Owen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Cognitive deficits are a frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in the domain of spatial working memory (WM). Despite numerous demonstrations of aberrant WM in patients, there is a lack of understanding about how, if at all, their WM is fundamentally altered. Most notably, it is unclear whether span – the yardstick upon which most WM models are built – is compromised by the disease. Moreover, it is also unknown whether WM deficits occur in all patients or only exist in a sub-group who are executively impaired. We assessed the factors that influenced spatial span in medicated patients by …
Individual Differences In Schizophrenia, Edmund T. Rolls, Wenlian Lu, Lin Wan, Hao Yan, Chuanyue Wang, Fude Yang, Yunlong Tan, Lingjiang Li, Hao Yu, Peter F. Liddle, Lena Palaniyappan, Dai Zhang, Weihua Yue, Jianfeng Feng
Individual Differences In Schizophrenia, Edmund T. Rolls, Wenlian Lu, Lin Wan, Hao Yan, Chuanyue Wang, Fude Yang, Yunlong Tan, Lingjiang Li, Hao Yu, Peter F. Liddle, Lena Palaniyappan, Dai Zhang, Weihua Yue, Jianfeng Feng
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Background: Whether there are distinct subtypes of schizophrenia is an important issue to advance understanding and treatment of schizophrenia. Aims: To understand and treat individuals with schizophrenia, the aim was to advance understanding of differences between individuals, whether there are discrete subtypes, and how fist-episode patients (FEP) may differ from multiple episode patients (MEP). Method: These issues were analysed in 687 FEP and 1880 MEP with schizophrenia using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for (PANSS) schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic medication for 6 weeks. Results: The seven Negative Symptoms were correlated with each other and with P2 (conceptual disorganisation), …
The Large-Scale Organization Of Shape Processing In The Ventral And Dorsal Pathways, Erez Freud, Jody C. Culham, David C. Plaut, Marlene Behrmann
The Large-Scale Organization Of Shape Processing In The Ventral And Dorsal Pathways, Erez Freud, Jody C. Culham, David C. Plaut, Marlene Behrmann
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Although shape perception is considered a function of the ventral visual pathway, evidence suggests that the dorsal pathway also derives shape-based representations. In two psychophysics and neuroimaging experiments, we characterized the response properties, topographical organization and perceptual relevance of these representations. In both pathways, shape sensitivity increased from early visual cortex to extrastriate cortex but then decreased in anterior regions. Moreover, the lateral aspect of the ventral pathway and posterior regions of the dorsal pathway were sensitive to the availability of fundamental shape properties, even for unrecognizable images. This apparent representational similarity between the posterior-dorsal and lateral-ventral regions was corroborated …
Symposium Overview: Integrating Cognitive, Motivational, And Sensory Biases Underlying Acoustic- And Multimodal-Based Mate Choice, Kathleen S. Lynch, Scott A. Macdougall-Shackleton
Symposium Overview: Integrating Cognitive, Motivational, And Sensory Biases Underlying Acoustic- And Multimodal-Based Mate Choice, Kathleen S. Lynch, Scott A. Macdougall-Shackleton
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The goal of this symposium "Integrating Cognitive, Motivational and Sensory Biases Underlying Acoustic and Multimodal-Based Mate Choice" was to build a more complete framework in which to understand the mate choice brain. The presentations and papers within this symposium incorporate studies of motivational, cognitive, sensory and salience components of mate choice and highlight future directions that are needed to understand the biological basis of mate choice decision-making.
Vocabulary Learning Benefits From Rem After Slow-Wave Sleep., Laura J Batterink, Carmen E Westerberg, Ken A Paller
Vocabulary Learning Benefits From Rem After Slow-Wave Sleep., Laura J Batterink, Carmen E Westerberg, Ken A Paller
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep (SWS) influences the consolidation of recently acquired knowledge. This reactivation occurs spontaneously during sleep but can also be triggered by presenting learning-related cues, a technique known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Here we examined whether TMR can improve vocabulary learning. Participants learned the meanings of 60 novel words. Auditory cues for half the words were subsequently presented during SWS in an afternoon nap. Memory performance for cued versus uncued words did not differ at the group level but was systematically influenced by REM sleep duration. Participants who obtained relatively greater amounts of REM showed a …
Accumulation Of Non-Numerical Evidence During Nonsymbolic Number Processing In The Brain: An Fmri Study, Tali Leibovich, Daniel Ansari
Accumulation Of Non-Numerical Evidence During Nonsymbolic Number Processing In The Brain: An Fmri Study, Tali Leibovich, Daniel Ansari
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Behavioral evidence has shown that when performing a nonsymbolic number comparison task (e.g., deciding which of two dot arrays contains more dots), participants' responses are sensitive to affected by both numerical (e.g., number of items) and non-numerical magnitudes (i.e., area, density, etc.). Thus far it is unclear what brain circuits support this process of accumulating non-numerical variables during nonsymbolic number processing. To investigate this, 21 adult participants were asked to engage in a dot comparison task. To measure the neural correlates of accumulating numerical and non-numerical variables, we manipulated the number of the non-numerical magnitudes that were congruent (correlated with …
Functional Neuroimaging After Severe Anoxic Brain Injury In Children May Reveal Preserved, Yet Covert, Cognitive Function, Adrian M. Owen
Functional Neuroimaging After Severe Anoxic Brain Injury In Children May Reveal Preserved, Yet Covert, Cognitive Function, Adrian M. Owen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
A growing body of evidence has confirmed that, after severe brain injury in adults, motoric and task-dependent factors that are essential for reliable communication, frequently interfere with an accurate assessment of cognitive status. In the current study, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in children who have sustained an anoxic brain injury following a near drowning incident suggests a similar pattern; preserved cognition amidst severe motoric impairment that effectively precludes accurate clinical diagnosis at the bedside. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4832–4833, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic Online Motor Control Is Intact In Parkinson’S Disease With And Without Perceptual Awareness, Kate E. Merritt, Ken N. Seergobin, Daniel A. Mendonça, Mary E. Jenkins, Melvyn A. Goodale, Penny A. Macdonald
Automatic Online Motor Control Is Intact In Parkinson’S Disease With And Without Perceptual Awareness, Kate E. Merritt, Ken N. Seergobin, Daniel A. Mendonça, Mary E. Jenkins, Melvyn A. Goodale, Penny A. Macdonald
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
In the double-step paradigm, healthy human participants automatically correct reaching movements when targets are displaced. Motor deficits are prominent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In the lone investigation of online motor correction in PD using the double-step task, a recent study found that PD patients performed unconscious adjustments appropriately but seemed impaired for consciously-perceived modifications. Conscious perception of target movement was achieved by linking displacement to movement onset. PD-related bradykinesia disproportionately prolonged preparatory phases for movements to original target locations for patients, potentially accounting for deficits. Eliminating this confound in a double-step task, we evaluated the effect of conscious awareness …
Cooperation Not Competition: Bihemispheric Tdcs And Fmri Show Role For Ipsilateral Hemisphere In Motor Learning, Sheena Waters, Tobias Wiestler, Jörn Diedrichsen
Cooperation Not Competition: Bihemispheric Tdcs And Fmri Show Role For Ipsilateral Hemisphere In Motor Learning, Sheena Waters, Tobias Wiestler, Jörn Diedrichsen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
What is the role of ipsilateral motor and premotor areas in motor learning? One view is that ipsilateral activity suppresses contralateral motor cortex and, accordingly, that inhibiting ipsilateral regions can improve motor learning. Alternatively, the ipsilateral motor cortex may play an active role in the control and/or learning of unilateral hand movements. We approached this question by applying double-blind bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over both contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortex in a between-group design during 4 d of unimanual explicit sequence training in human participants. Independently of whether the anode was placed over contralateral or ipsilateral motor cortex, …
The Importance Of Sustained Attention In Early Alzheimer's Disease, Jonathan D. Huntley, Adam Hampshire, Daniel Bor, Adrian M. Owen, Robert J. Howard
The Importance Of Sustained Attention In Early Alzheimer's Disease, Jonathan D. Huntley, Adam Hampshire, Daniel Bor, Adrian M. Owen, Robert J. Howard
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Introduction: There is conflicting evidence regarding impairment of sustained attention in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examine whether sustained attention is impaired and predicts deficits in other cognitive domains in early AD. Methods: Fifty-one patients with early AD (MMSE > 18) and 15 healthy elderly controls were recruited. The sustained attention to response task (SART) was used to assess sustained attention. A subset of 25 patients also performed tasks assessing general cognitive function (ADAS-Cog), episodic memory (Logical memory scale, Paired Associates Learning), executive function (verbal fluency, grammatical reasoning) and working memory (digit and spatial span). Results: AD patients were significantly impaired …
Normal Aging And Parkinson's Disease Are Associated With The Functional Decline Of Distinct Frontal-Striatal Circuits, Aleksandra Gruszka, Adam Hampshire, Roger A. Barker, Adrian M. Owen
Normal Aging And Parkinson's Disease Are Associated With The Functional Decline Of Distinct Frontal-Striatal Circuits, Aleksandra Gruszka, Adam Hampshire, Roger A. Barker, Adrian M. Owen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Impaired ability to shift attention between stimuli (i.e. shifting attentional ‘set’) is a well-established part of the dysexecutive syndrome in Parkinson's Disease (PD), nevertheless cognitive and neural bases of this deficit remain unclear. In this study, an fMRI-optimised variant of a classic paradigm for assessing attentional control (Hampshire and Owen 2006) was used to contrast activity in dissociable executive circuits in early-stage PD patients and controls. The results demonstrated that the neural basis of the executive performance impairments in PD is accompanied by hypoactivation within the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), and inferior frontal sulcus (IFS) regions. By contrast, in …
Candid: A Framework For Linking Executive Function And Education, Niki H. Kamkar, J. B. Morton
Candid: A Framework For Linking Executive Function And Education, Niki H. Kamkar, J. B. Morton
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The close association between executive functions (EFs) and educational achievement has led to the idea that targeted EF training might facilitate learning and goal-directed behavior in the classroom. The evidence that training interventions have long-lasting and transferable effects is however decidedly mixed (Melby-Lervåg and Hulme, 2013; Simons et al., 2016). The goal of the current paper is to propose a new CanDiD framework for re-thinking EF and its links to education. Based on findings from basic EF research, the proposed CanDiD framework highlights dynamic and contextual influences on EF and emphasizes the importance of development and individual differences for understanding …
Rapid Statistical Learning Supporting Word Extraction From Continuous Speech., Laura J Batterink
Rapid Statistical Learning Supporting Word Extraction From Continuous Speech., Laura J Batterink
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The identification of words in continuous speech, known as speech segmentation, is a critical early step in language acquisition. This process is partially supported by statistical learning, the ability to extract patterns from the environment. Given that speech segmentation represents a potential bottleneck for language acquisition, patterns in speech may be extracted very rapidly, without extensive exposure. This hypothesis was examined by exposing participants to continuous speech streams composed of novel repeating nonsense words. Learning was measured on-line using a reaction time task. After merely one exposure to an embedded novel word, learners demonstrated significant learning effects, as revealed by …
Longitudinal Whole-Brain Atrophy And Ventricular Enlargement In Nondemented Parkinson's Disease, Elijah Mak, Li Su, Guy B. Williams, Michael J. Firbank, Rachael A. Lawson, Alison J. Yarnall, Gordon W. Duncan, Brit Mollenhauer, Adrian M. Owen, Tien K. Khoo, David J. Brooks, James B. Rowe, Roger A. Barker, David J. Burn, John T. O'Brien
Longitudinal Whole-Brain Atrophy And Ventricular Enlargement In Nondemented Parkinson's Disease, Elijah Mak, Li Su, Guy B. Williams, Michael J. Firbank, Rachael A. Lawson, Alison J. Yarnall, Gordon W. Duncan, Brit Mollenhauer, Adrian M. Owen, Tien K. Khoo, David J. Brooks, James B. Rowe, Roger A. Barker, David J. Burn, John T. O'Brien
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
We investigated whole-brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement over 18 months in nondemented Parkinson's disease (PD) and examined their associations with clinical measures and baseline CSF markers. PD subjects (n = 100) were classified at baseline into those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; PD-MCI, n = 36) and no cognitive impairment (PD-NC, n = 64). Percentage of whole-brain volume change (PBVC) and ventricular expansion over 18 months were assessed with FSL-SIENA and ventricular enlargement (VIENA) respectively. PD-MCI showed increased global atrophy (−1.1% ± 0.8%) and ventricular enlargement (6.9 % ± 5.2%) compared with both PD-NC (PBVC: −0.4 ± 0.5, p < 0.01; VIENA: 2.1% ± 4.3%, p < 0.01) and healthy controls. In a subset of 35 PD subjects, CSF levels of tau, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio were correlated with PBVC and ventricular enlargement respectively. The sample size required to demonstrate a 20% reduction in PBVC and VIENA was approximately 1/15th of that required to detect equivalent changes in cognitive decline. These findings suggest that longitudinal MRI measurements have potential to serve as surrogate markers to complement clinical assessments for future disease-modifying trials in PD.
Assessing Capacity In The Elderly: Comparing The Moca With A Novel Computerized Battery Of Executive Function, Megan Brenkel, Kenneth Shulman, Elias Hazan, Nathan Herrmann, Adrian M. Owen
Assessing Capacity In The Elderly: Comparing The Moca With A Novel Computerized Battery Of Executive Function, Megan Brenkel, Kenneth Shulman, Elias Hazan, Nathan Herrmann, Adrian M. Owen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Background/Aims: Clinicians are increasingly being asked to provide their opinion on the decision-making capacity of older adults, while validated and widely available tools are lacking. We sought to identify an online cognitive screening tool for assessing mental capacity through the measurement of executive function. Methods: A mixed elderly sample of 45 individuals, aged 65 years and older, were screened with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the modified Cambridge Brain Sciences Battery. Results: Two computerized tests from the Cambridge Brain Sciences Battery were shown to provide information over and above that obtained with a standard cognitive screening tool, correctly sorting …
Turning The Other Lobe: Directional Biases In Brain Diagrams, Richard Wiseman, Adrian M. Owen
Turning The Other Lobe: Directional Biases In Brain Diagrams, Richard Wiseman, Adrian M. Owen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Past research shows that in drawn or photographic portraits, people are significantly more likely to be posed facing to their right than their left. We examined whether the same type of bias exists among sagittal images of the human brain. An exhaustive search of Google images using the term 'brain sagittal view' yielded 425 images of a left or right facing brain. The direction of each image was coded and revealed that 80% of the brains were right-facing. This bias was present in images that did not contain any representation of a human head. It is argued that the effect …
A Brain Network-Based Grading Of Psychosis Could Resting Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Become A Clinical Tool?, Lena Palaniyappan, Kara Dempster, Qiang Luo
A Brain Network-Based Grading Of Psychosis Could Resting Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Become A Clinical Tool?, Lena Palaniyappan, Kara Dempster, Qiang Luo
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
No abstract provided.
A Brain Network-Based Grading Of Psychosis Could Resting Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Become A Clinical Tool?, Lena Palaniyappan, Kara Dempster, Qiang Luo
A Brain Network-Based Grading Of Psychosis Could Resting Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Become A Clinical Tool?, Lena Palaniyappan, Kara Dempster, Qiang Luo
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
No abstract provided.
Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex Cells Use Multiple Input Pathways For Shape Encoding, Carlos R. Ponce, Stephen G. Lomber, Margaret S. Livingstone
Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex Cells Use Multiple Input Pathways For Shape Encoding, Carlos R. Ponce, Stephen G. Lomber, Margaret S. Livingstone
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
In the macaque monkey brain, posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex cells contribute to visual object recognition. They receive concurrent inputs from visual areas V4, V3, and V2. We asked how these different anatomical pathways shape PIT response properties by deactivating them while monitoring PIT activity in two male macaques. We found that cooling of V4 or V2|3 did not lead to consistent changes in population excitatory drive; however, population pattern analyses showed that V4-based pathways were more important than V2|3-based pathways.Wedid not find any image features that predicted decoding accuracy differences between both interventions. Using the HMAX hierarchical model of …
Representation Of Multiple Body Parts In The Missing-Hand Territory Of Congenital One-Handers., Avital Hahamy, Scott N Macdonald, Fiona Van Den Heiligenberg, Paullina Kieliba, Uzay Emir, Rafael Malach, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Peter Brugger, Jody C Culham, Tamar R Makin
Representation Of Multiple Body Parts In The Missing-Hand Territory Of Congenital One-Handers., Avital Hahamy, Scott N Macdonald, Fiona Van Den Heiligenberg, Paullina Kieliba, Uzay Emir, Rafael Malach, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Peter Brugger, Jody C Culham, Tamar R Makin
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Individuals born without one hand (congenital one-handers) provide a unique model for understanding the relationship between focal reorganization in the sensorimotor cortex and everyday behavior. We previously reported that the missing hand's territory of one-handers becomes utilized by its cortical neighbor (residual arm representation), depending on residual arm usage in daily life to substitute for the missing hand's function [1, 2]. However, the repertoire of compensatory behaviors may involve utilization of other body parts that do not cortically neighbor the hand territory. Accordingly, the pattern of brain reorganization may be more extensive [3]. Here we studied unconstrained compensatory strategies under …
Coordinated Pluralism As A Means To Facilitate Integrative Taxonomies Of Cognition, Jacqueline Anne Sullivan
Coordinated Pluralism As A Means To Facilitate Integrative Taxonomies Of Cognition, Jacqueline Anne Sullivan
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. The past decade has witnessed a growing awareness of conceptual and methodological hurdles within psychology and neuroscience that must be addressed for taxonomic and explanatory progress in understanding psychological functions to be possible. In this paper, I evaluate several recent knowledge-building initiatives aimed at overcoming these obstacles. I argue that while each initiative offers important insights about how to facilitate taxonomic and explanatory progress in psychology and neuroscience, only a “coordinated pluralism” that incorporates positive aspects of each initiative will have the potential for success.
Heroes Of The Engram, Sheena A. Josselyn, Stefan Köhler, Paul W. Frankland
Heroes Of The Engram, Sheena A. Josselyn, Stefan Köhler, Paul W. Frankland
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
In 1904, Richard Semon introduced the term “engram” to describe the neural substrate responsible for (or at least important in) storing and recalling memories (i.e., a memory trace). The recent introduction of a vast array of powerful new tools to probe and manipulate memory function at the cell and neuronal circuit level has spurred an explosion of interest in studying the engram. However, the present “engram renaissance” was not borne in isolation but rather builds on a long tradition of memory research. We believe it is important to acknowledge the debts our current generation of scientists owes to those scientists …
Sensory Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorders And Fragile X Syndrome-From The Clinic To Animal Models., D Sinclair, B Oranje, K A Razak, S J Siegel, S Schmid
Sensory Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorders And Fragile X Syndrome-From The Clinic To Animal Models., D Sinclair, B Oranje, K A Razak, S J Siegel, S Schmid
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Brains are constantly flooded with sensory information that needs to be filtered at the pre-attentional level and integrated into endogenous activity in order to allow for detection of salient information and an appropriate behavioral response. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) are often over- or under-reactive to stimulation, leading to a wide range of behavioral symptoms. This altered sensitivity may be caused by disrupted sensory processing, signal integration and/or gating, and is often being neglected. Here, we review translational experimental approaches that are used to investigate sensory processing in humans with ASD and FXS, and …
Online Neural Monitoring Of Statistical Learning., Laura J Batterink, Ken A Paller
Online Neural Monitoring Of Statistical Learning., Laura J Batterink, Ken A Paller
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The extraction of patterns in the environment plays a critical role in many types of human learning, from motor skills to language acquisition. This process is known as statistical learning. Here we propose that statistical learning has two dissociable components: (1) perceptual binding of individual stimulus units into integrated composites and (2) storing those integrated representations for later use. Statistical learning is typically assessed using post-learning tasks, such that the two components are conflated. Our goal was to characterize the online perceptual component of statistical learning. Participants were exposed to a structured stream of repeating trisyllabic nonsense words and a …