Digital Commons Network^™

Air Pre-Heat System Optimization For Flash Dryers, Sophia Louden

Honors Theses

Primient, a leading producer of food and industrial ingredients made from plant-based, renewable sources is the industrial sponsor for this project. The company is currently using Plate & Frame Heat exchangers to heat up a 40% by-weight glycol and water solution that is then used to preheat the incoming ambient air. Glycol is being added to reduce the risks of freezing in the system during the winter season. It is important to highlight that this fact affects the heat transfer properties of the liquid overall. Since air heating is a highly energy-demanding process, an outlet stream of hot water produced …

Cellulose Based Separator For High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries, Akshit Vaidya

Masters Theses

During the past two decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained great success in the field of portable devices, and currently, are penetrating to the market of vehicles. Compared to the fast development of LIBs, little efforts have been dedicated to the separator, which is one of the most important components of LIBs. Primarily, the lithium-ion battery separator has two functions, one is to prevent direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes, and the other is to provide a path for effective ionic transportation. Currently, the separator market of LIBs is dominated by polyolefin materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and …

Soy- Based Flexographic Ink For Linerboard Printing, Rahul Ramchandra Pingale

Masters Theses

Many printing inks use volatile solvents in the formulation, which are hazardous to the environment from emission of VOC’s and at the same time, synthetic resins in these inks are not biodegradable. These problems with the fluctuating and rising price of petroleum are main reasons to look for new resources for making more environmentally friendly printing inks. The majority of the commercially available water based inks are formulated based on using acrylic resins, synthetic colorants, solvents/water and additives, which are the common main components for formulating printing inks. In this research, soy proteins were tested for their suitability to partially …

Papermaking Factors Affecting Lateral Web Position During Commercial Heat Set Web Offset Printing, George W. Shields

Masters Theses

The interaction of water with paper plays a role in web handling characteristics during commercial heat set web offset printing. Water absorption leads to lower web tension for a given strain.

This research investigates paper properties and their role in preventing lateral web movement from cross machine air flows in the drying section during normal printing operations. Tensile properties of sheets are measured at various moisture contents and then used to determine the equilibrium stress-strain relationship for papers at moisture contents typical of heat set web offset printing. Permeability, fiber orientation and tensile stiffness are evaluated against lateral web movement …

Fate Of Conductive Ink Pigments During Recycling And Landfill Deposition Of Paper-Based Printed Electronics, James Edward Atkinson

Dissertations

Printed electronics (PE) are being developed as an alternative to traditional electronics, due to the more efficient use of materials and lower cost of production. The overall goal of this study was to understand how metallic pigments in conductive inks in PE are partitioned during landfill disposal and paper recycling conditions. The purpose is to assess the potential environmental impacts of PE landfilling in terms of metal leaching and to help develop new strategies for sequestering metallic ink components while paper-based PE are subjected to conventional paper recycling methods. The objective of this research is to study the fate of …

Study Of Metamerism And Inconstancy Of Basic Color System Used In Wood Grain Laminates, Awadhoot Vijaykant Shendye

Masters Theses

In product gravure printing, many spot color inks are used. Because the use of spot colors tends to be customer specific, they are typically mixed in house by the gravure printer to satisfy the requirements of a specific customer order. Printers are often concerned about the best utilization of inks, and their recyclability, if possible, to make the production more sustainable. Spot colors may exhibit metameric behavior. This tendency causes problems in color matching, as these products are viewed in a standardized environment, using light source D₅₀ or D₆₅ , but are viewed under fluorescent lighting at the …

Effect Of Calendering Of Flexographically Printed Silver Flake Ink, Sujay Pandkar

Masters Theses

Interest in the printed electronics is increasing on a day-to-day basis. To utilize the concept of printed electronics on a wider range, printed circuit needs to perform more and more efficiently. The simplest printed circuit components include conductive traces, which can function as interconnects or contact electrodes. There are still some limitations to the conductivity of printed traces. Previous results showed an improvement in the conductivity of printed traces with a post cure treatment of 4 hours at 105°C. The present research explores a different approach towards improving conductivity using a post calendering treatment on-line.

The effects of calendering temperature, …

The Possibility Of Producing Biodiesel Fuel From Wood Pulping By Products, Yan Pu

Masters Theses

Biodiesel fuel produced from biomass material is a renewable and promising substitute fuel for petroleum diesel fuel, and it is relatively environmentally friendly. The Pulping process involves a huge amount of lignocellulosic materials. There may be a great potential of combining this fact with the biodiesel production, as well as the present biodiesel technologies.

This thesis focuses on the esterification reaction behavior of three main components of tall oil fatty acids, which are byproducts of paper manufacture. They are stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Three levels of both catalyst and methanol were employed in the esterification for each …

Effect Of High Temperature Drying Of Paper On Heat Transfer Rates And Sheet Properties, Dania Awni Al-Said

Masters Theses

The objective of this research is to study the effect of high temperature on paper drying rates and properties of both virgin pulp and recycled paper. Process variables as shell temperature, moisture content, refining, basis weight and fiber recycling can affect the drying rate and paper properties. In addition, high surface temperature can affect the heat transfer rates from the dryer shell to the paper. The Gas Heated Paper Dryer (GHPD) is a high temperature dryer where internal shell temperature can reach 300° C, which significantly increases the drying rate. However, there are many concerns about the effect of this …

Cross Platforms Display Calibration And Profiling Mac Os And Windows, Reem El Asaleh

Masters Theses

The monitor is an important part in many digital applications including graphic design, digital photography and prepress proofing. In fact, designers and prepress personnel rely on their monitor for good color decision for a printed job.

The aim of this research is to achieve a consistent color across platform using the same hardware (CPU, monitor video controller, etc.). Also to describe the main issue that affects the accuracy of monitor profiles. ICC profiles were generated for monitor in Windows and Mac OS platform using GretagMacbeth ProfileMaker Pro version 5.0 and X-Rite MonacoPROFILER ICC profiling softwares. In the laboratory environment, we …

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Deinking And Dew Waxing, Suraboon Hoontrakool

Masters Theses

The main purpose of this project is to study how the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) fluid can be used to extract sticky compounds and commercial printing inks. This study will focus on the upscale unit operation that Western Michigan University had recently installed supercritical fluid extraction system. This also includes determination of extraction efficiency, optimizing operating condition, the effect of ScCO₂ on the fiber tensile strength for recycling paper after the sticky compounds are removed and the effect of ScCO₂ to the fiber physical strength property at different temperatures.

The investigation of supercritical fluid extraction equipment …

Borate Autocasting: Kinetics Model And Effect Of Carbon Dioxide On Reaction Rate, Ali Zuhair Fadhel

Masters Theses

Borate autocausticizing is a promising approach to the operational and environmental improvement of Kraft pulping and its chemical recovery. Its advantages include partial or total elimination of the lime cycle, pulp strength improvement, and energy savings. Borate autocausticizing involves the use of an amphoteric salt, sodium metaborate, to de-carbonize sodium carbonate and produces trisodium borate, the reaction occurs at high temperatures. Tran and Cameron (1999) suggest that the reaction follows the path below.

NaBO₂ + Na₂CO₃ → Na₃BO₃ + CO₂

This thesis systematically analyzes the reaction kinetics of borate autocausticizing. The uniqueness …

Enhanced Print Performance Of Water-Based Rotogravure Inks Through Rheological Balance, Rurou Mai

Masters Theses

Water-based inks have been of more and more interest to the printing and ink industry. Compared with solvent-based inks, water-based inks have more complex formulations because of their higher surface tensions, lower drying speed, foaming problems, pH balance, and different rheological properties. This work explores the significant effects of various rheology modifiers, including non-associative and associative thickeners, on the rheological properties of a water-based rotogravure ink system. Particular emphasis is given to thickening efficiency, pH stability, particle size, system compatibility, temperature stability, and printability on vinyl substrates. Wire-wound lab rods and a Moser Sheet-fed Gravure Proofing Press were employed to …

Surface Topography Contribution To Rfid’S Tags Efficiency Related To Resistivity, Mario A. Cruz

Masters Theses

The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the new technologies with more vision and acceptance oriented to the distribution and storage industries. The RFID is a technology that can be used to identify, track and store information about groups of products, individual items, or product components, using radio waves. The RFID device needs an antenna in order to receive a signal and transmit information. The stamping process applied today to produce the RFID antenna works with foil or copper. These etched metal RFID tags offer good benefits, but the production cost is too high to achieve a widespread implementation. …

Caustic Treatment Of The Pulp: Caustic Recovery By Reverse Osmosis, Miroslav Suchy

Masters Theses

The benefit of caustic treatment on changing cellulose properties has long been known. When the treated pulp is later intended for use in personal or in health care product industries, it is important that all residual chemicals are removed and that the pure cellulose or carbohydrate portion of the pulp remains. The removal is usually facilitated by washing. Due to the low caustic concentration in the washing filtrates the removal of the excess water by standard techniques such as evaporation would not be economical.

The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the concept of using reverse osmosis for …

Paper Substrates For Electronic Printing, Laura K. Wood

Masters Theses

Printed Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) labels utilize conductive inks to provide the means for wireless flow of electronic signals. An RFID label is an identification label with an integrated circuit and antenna that transmits data via radio waves to a reader, which sends the data to a computer for processing. RFID labels allow manufacturers and retailers to accurately track their inventory more efficiently than previously possible with bar codes. However, etched metal RFID labels are too expensive for widespread implementation. The key to reducing the cost of RFID technology is replacing etched metal tags with tags printed with conducting ink. …

Use Of Borate In Semi-Chemical Pulping, Promodh K. Veguru

Masters Theses

The original Neutral Sulfite Semi-Chemical (NSSC) pulping process used sodium sulfite as the principle cooking chemical and had the disadvantage of sulfur emission problems. Considerable research was conducted to investigate the use of other chemicals including sodium hydroxide, but was not completely satisfactory. Several mills adapted a sodium carbonate based process but experienced slower pulping and reduced physical properties. The objective of this research is to study the use of borate as a pulping chemical in sodium carbonate semi-chemical pulping. The experimental plan included digester cooks; controls with pure sodium carbonate, and the other with partially borate autocausticized sodium carbonate. …

Computer Integrated Print Production And Jdf, Deepak-Kumar Mohan-Kumar

Masters Theses

In the graphic arts industry, the need for the unification of mechanized and automated systems has seen a great increase in the last few years. This very need has led to various specification formats like, Adobe's PJTF and CIP3's PPF and the latest one of them all, CIP4's JDF. Earlier specification formats that had inherent limitations with proprietary architecture have paved the way to JDF. JDF is an open, extensible, XML based job ticket format that has been a proposed standard to achieve end-to-end job ticket specifications along with message interchange protocol and message description standard.

This thesis research has …

3d Simulation Of Layer Mixing In A Three-Layer Stratified Headbox, Jatetana Kunsriluksakul

Masters Theses

In this research, the commercially available software called FLUENT is used to simulate and visualize behaviors of flow in a three-layer stratified headbox of a paper machine. A two-phase model, "volume of fluid", is employed to simulate turbulences in a free jet. The information obtained from the simulations, in terms of velocity profiles, Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and macro scale of turbulence, are used to assess and characterize the effect of free jet length, vane length, vane thickness, nozzle angle, and slice opening on fiber layer mixing. Importantly, the simulation results demonstrated that the macro scale of turbulence in …

The Effects Of Various Types And Percentages Of Fillers With The Mechanical Properties Of Latex Saturated Paper, Jeffrey Alan Kuehn

Masters Theses

This study examined how the percentage of mineral fillers and their various types, when added to the base paper, affects the mechanical characteristics of latex impregnated paper.

A series of model handsheets were produced and subjected to physical property tests. The basis weight of these handsheets was held constant, as various types and percentages of filler were added. This base paper was then impregnated with a known acrylic emulsion. All variables with the impregnation process were held constant during the impregnation process. Physical properties were tested on the handsheets before and after impregnation. All physical tests on the handsheet samples …

Determining Differences In Quality Between The Gravure And Flexographic Process On Films, Pete Welther

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Quality is the goal of every printing company. Every day printing companies spend money trying to find ways to improve the quality of their product. Type of paper, ink, and even the types of printing processes are all characteristics looked at when determining the quality of a printed product.

In today's printing industry, there are two printing processes that have arguably jumped to the front in terms of the highest quality printing ability. The flexographic process and the gravure process have both risen to meet the standards of high quality. The gravure process has always been at the top. For …

Strengthening Of Corrugated Boards By Chemical Impregnation, Rajesh Premnarayansingh

Masters Theses

Linerboards are used for making corrugated boards. The paperboards can be strengthened by adding strength additives at the wet-end of the paper machine and also by sizing them. Impregnation is another effective approach of strengthening the paperboards, mostly offline. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the performance of the modified Dixon coater and check the operating conditions with various chemicals used for impregnating 42 lb/1000 sq.ft grammage linerboard.

The major conclusions of the research were that the edge compression strength increases markedly validating the usage of impregnation for linerboards. Also, the stiffness of linerboard increases and the voids …

Study Of Trisodium Borate Formation And Its Reaction With Green Liquor In Partial Autocausticizing, Pasupathy Rajan Subbaiyan

Masters Theses

This thesis investigates a new development of autocausticizing the green liquor with trisodium borate. Sodium metaborate (NaBO₂) reacts with the sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) in the char bed at 850°C in the recovery furnace to form trisodium borate (Na₃BO₃) which in tum, when dissolved in water produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) regenerating sodium metaborate (NaBO₂). The main objective of this research is to study the formation of trisodium borate from the reaction of sodium metaborate with sodium carbonate at different molar ratios of carbonate to borate and to determine the …

Effect Of Partial Borate Autocausticizing On Causticizing Rate And Equilibrium, Murugavel Anbalagan

Masters Theses

Borate autocausticizing can replace - total autocausticizing, or supplement the kraft lime cycle- partial autocausticizing. Partial autocausticizing is undergoing trials in several mills and has been recently commercialized in one mill. One common observation in the on-going trials is that the causticizing efficiency increases. The primary objectives of this research are to study the effect of metaborate on the causticizing rate, equilibrium and rate controlling parameters such as the temperature, concentration and sulfidity. The aim is to define the conditions that resulted in the increase of the causticizing efficiency.

The major findings of the research are that when the causticizing …

Generating Icc Output Profiles For Different Printing Devices: Application To A Shinohara Offset Press, Tektronix And Hp Designjet, Srinivasa Raju Alluri

Masters Theses

The most important issue in the current printing industry is managing the perfect color reproduction. Hence, the importance of color management in the printing industry is increasing day by day. Color management saves time and money for color users. With the help of color management, benefits such as accurate onscreen color, output device simulation, gamut checking, and color consistency between devices will reduce the amount of time and materials required to complete color production tasks.

The main purpose of this thesis is to develop ICC profiles and to compare the print quality of ICC profiles generated for different printing devices, …

Generating Icc Output Profiles For Different Substrates: Application Too A Shinohara Offset Press & Several Printers, Kailashnath Jaganathrao Pohnerkar

Masters Theses

The International Color Consortium (ICC) was formed to undertake problems in achieving reliable and reproducible color throughout the reproduction process; the ICC Profile Specification offers solutions to color matching and quality. Problems with the ICC Profile relate to tools in the field, output devices, various substrates, profile calculation processes and color accuracy.

A color management system (CMS), developed by International Color Consortium, allows color transformation to be carried out by the operating system in conformity. ICC profiles describe the color range of a device and the way it distorts the color of an image. The profiling software is required to …

Borates As Infrared Drying Agents And Bulking Agents In Paper Coatings, Balarama K. Morla

Masters Theses

In the paper industry, the drying process is the second most energy consuming process after the pulping process; it accounts for around 35% of the total energy consumption. If energy consumption in the drying process can be reduced, the cost of paper production would be decreased considerably. The more recent and wide acceptance of the use of infrared energy for the drying of coated grades has led to many developments and improvements in materials and controls, making IR a practical and safe method for the paper industry. This process is mainly based on the absorption of infrared radiation by paper …

Determine The Effect Of Pulp And Paper Properties Such As Basis Weight, Degree Of Refining On The Drying Proportions Of Both Hardwood And Softwood, Vidit Kumar

Masters Theses

Paper drying is a very important unit operation and a highly energy intensive operation in the paper industry. Various studies have been made to discuss the effect of various variables on the drying behavior of the paper. Extensive efforts have been made to reduce the energy requirement in this operation.

This study tries to find the effect of basis weight, refining level on the drying behavior of the paper of both hardwood and softwood. The basis weight, the degree of refining and type of wood affects significantly the drying rate, the drying time and the contact coefficient between the paper …

Particle Size Analysis Of Commercial Printing Inks And Their Press Stability And Printability, Andrea Frimova

Masters Theses

The particle size of commercially produced printing inks available for each of the printing processes, such as letterpress, lithography, flexography, rotogravure and screen-printing was completed. The study of their stability on the press, as well as the examination of the effect of particle size on printability and color balance was investigated. This was demonstrated on several gravure and flexo printing trials lasting for several hours.

Decrease of rotogravure inks particle size was most obvious in black, while the decrease of particle size in all other colors was rather similar. Differences in color, print density, and specular gloss measured on printed …

Crt Versus Lcd Monitors For Soft Proofing: Quantitative And Visual Considerations, Veronika Chovancova

Masters Theses

Quantitative and visual considerations of accuracy of colors in images displayed on two types of monitors employing a soft proofing system were accomplished in this research work. Soft proofing proposes possible savings in material and time, which are essential issues of current digital and quick turn around workflow. The investigation focuses on the quantitative evaluation process of color monitor profiles along with the color quality of software used to achieve the created profiles. Specific tests are provided to look at the color quality of the monitors and output profiles in greater details. Also, a general comparison of the CRT and …