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Research Issues Surrounding Holocaust Survivors: Adaptability And Aging, Benjamin J. Hodgkins, Richard L. Douglass

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The thesis of this article is that, in spite of a large body of literature on the subject, a significant need exists for sociological research on the long-term consequences of the trauma experienced by survivors of Nazi concentration camps. Most of what is known about the adjustment of Holocaust survivors is based upon limited case histories of survivors who sought psychiatric aid, or requested assistance in qualifying for indemnification payments from the German government. The social and psychological dynamics of successful adjustment to life after the traumatic Holocaust experience by the majority of survivors has largely been ignored. Reasons for …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 11, No. 4 (December 1984)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Editor ‘s Introduction to the Special Issue “A Sociology of Survivors: Post-Traumatic Shock Syndrome” - DENNIS L. PECK
• Toward An Understanding of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Historical and Contemporary Perspective - SANGEETA SINGG
• Grief and the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders - CHARLES P. FLYNN, ALEXANDRA TEGUTS
• A Comparative Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome Among Individuals Exposed to Different Stressor Events - JOHN P. WILSON, W. KEN SMITH, SUZANNE K. JOHNSON
• Occupational Stress and Depression Among Vietnam Veterans - CHRISTIAN RITTER
• Post-Traumatic Stress and Attributions Among Incest Family Members - INGER J. SAGATUN
• Post-Traumatic Stress and Life …

Occupational Stress And Depression Among Vietnam Veterans, Christian Ritter

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

An exploratory analysis was conducted to assess the effect of exposure to a distal source of extreme trauma on current levels of depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the nature of the relationships among: (1) exposure to the extreme stressor of combat in Vietnam; (2) persistently difficult life conditions; and (3) psychological distress. The impact of various stressors on current psychological distress is evaluated in light of the mediating influence of personal coping resources. Findings suggest that exposure to combat has neither a direct nor an indirect effect on current levels of depression. Exposure to combat was …

Post-Traumatic Stress And Attributions Among Incest Family Members, Inger J. Sagatun

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper presents a discussion of the relationship between attribution models of self-blame and coping strategies among members of incest families. The findings suggest that incest victims are more likely to experience prolonged post-traumatic stress than are offenders and their spouses. The argument is made that by focusing on individual adjustment, therapy programs may be neglecting the interactive effect of attributions made by other family members, the legal system and outside observers. The author concludes by suggesting that a sociological model in which the relationship between social reactions to incest and attributions is addressed would enhance the effectiveness of self-help …

The Effects Of The Holocaust: Psychiatric, Behavioral, And Survivor Perspectives, Zev Harel, Boaz Kahana, Eva Kahana

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

In this paper the authors review perspectives related to Holocaust victims, limitations of Holocaust studies are discussed, and suggestions for viewing the long-range post-traumatic effects of the Holocaust upon its victims from social and behavioral science perspectives are advanced. The views of survivors toward post-war adjustment, drawn from interviews with Holocaust victims, are also presented.

Toward An Understanding Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Historical And Contemporary Perspective, Sangeeta Singg

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article traces the historical views that led to development of current scientific perspectives of the diagnostical concept post-traumatic stress disorder. Examples of the catastrophic precipitants of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as war, natural and man-made disasters, and rape are presented, and a description of the current clinical perspective is provided. Because post-traumatic stress disorder often involves all aspects of a person's life, the use of multimodal therapy soon after the trauma is experienced is recommended to prevent the symptoms from occurring.

Editor's Introduction To The Special Issue "A Sociology Of Survivors: Post-Traumatic Shock Syndrome", Dennis L. Peck

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

It is estimated that between 500,000 and 1.5 million Vietnam veterans suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the nature of which includes sociological and psychological manifestations. However, despite past research efforts, an adequate understanding of the social consequences of PTSD and its effect upon veterans and their families remains largely unexplored.

Grief And The Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Charles P. Flynn, Alexandra Teguis

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The effects of grief and grief-repression are described as being critical aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Qualitative interview and extant program material are utilized to assess the role of grief in the PTSD syndrome, and a program that incorporates grief-related therapy is described. Implications of grief-related therapy for the treatment of PTSD are also discussed.

A Comparative Analysis Of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome Among Individuals Exposed To Different Stressor Events, John P. Wilson, W. Ken Smith, Suzanne K. Johnson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The purpose of the present study was to compare post-traumatic stress syndrome among persons involved in nine different stressor events: combat in the Vietnam War; rape; serious life-threatening events; divorce; the death of a significant other; critical, near fatal illness of a significant other; family trauma; multiple traumatic events; and no stressful event. To assess the severity of the symptoms which define post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Impact of Event Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Stress Assessment Scale for PTSD from the Vietnam Era Stress Inventory (Wilson & Krauss, 1980) and the Sensation Seeking Scale were administered to the …

Post-Traumatic Stress And Life-Destructive Behavior, Dennis L. Peck

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Results of content analysis of investigative reports and suicide notes illustrating the association between traumatic stress and life-destructive behavior are reported. A breakdown of interpersonal relationships and the inability to adapt to situational arrangements over which they lack control are shown to be factors critical to understanding committers' motivations to suicide.

Holocaust Survivors And Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: The Need For Conceptual Reassessment And Development, Jerome Rosenberg

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The recent interest in various aspects of the Holocaust focus on survivors and their children. One major part of this research has focused on the medical and psychological sequels of the concentration camp and other Holocaust related experiences for which Eitinger (1981) identified seven distinct areas of inquiry. The literature in each of these areas is extensive; however, this work is fraught with problems both at the conceptual and at the treatment levels. This paper is specifically concerned with reviewing research and treatment programs, identifying the major problem areas, and concludes with a suggested conceptual alternative to the prevailing clinical …

Coping Strategies Of Female Holocaust Survivors, Marlene Sway

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper describes how Holocaust survivors learned to help themselves and to reestablish their sense of community and self-worth. Sixteen female survivors were interviewed regarding their post-war adjustment. Data from the interviews revealed three themes which the women employed to cope with their post-war stress. These important factors in the adaptation process include establishing a family, building a community, and using work as therapy.

Monitoring Progress Toward Independent Silent Reading, Lilian H. Franc, Jeannette Hildrebrandt

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

In an effort to gain a greater understanding of how children make the transition from reading word for word orally to becoming independent silent readers this study monitored the development of fluent oral reading of beginning readers, recorded progress related to the children's ability to use a modified cloze procedure as an indication of their perception of reading as a meaning gathering process, charted children's ability to write a complete sentence independently, and observed children as they made voluntary decisions to read a trade book silently.

Approaches And Methods For Reading Specialists: A Continuing Debate, Mark E. Thompson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The power of technology is a challenge to humanistic concerns and forms the basis of the continuing debate, i.e., how should we use our educational technology and how do we keep it under control? There are many examples of raw technical power going haywire. For educators at all levels, technology must be under human control and carefully applied.

Integrating Language Activities Into Reading Instruction, Dixie D. Sanger, Sheldon L. Stick, Una A. Lange

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

This study determines if second grade children, who have been identified as having possible listening comprehension problems and language deficiencies, demonstrate improved reading performance with an integrated reading-language treatment approach. A quasi-experimental design included sixteen children in the experimental group and nineteen subjects in the control group. Six operationally defined language behaviors were studied during eleven weeks of treatment. the data were interpreted to imply that certain aspects of an integrative reading-language approach were effective for reading instruction.

Read Aloud Tutoring: A Program To Enhance Reading Interests, Ora Sterling Anderson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Meaningful reading, to a large extent, depends upon the interaction between the reader and the material read. In order to comprehend what is read and interact with the writer, the reader must bring prior knowledge to bear on the passage (Otto and Smith, 1980; Rumelhart, 1976; Smith, 1978).

In Defense Of A K-12 Reading Perspective, Earl H. Cheek Jr., Jimmy D. Lindsey, Adele D. Rutland, Theresa S. Doyle

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Teaching students to read is a very important goal in the public schools. This objective has been established because professionals believe that "being able to read" facilitates students' chances for future success and happiness. Yet, when definitions of literacy are reviewed and the reading ability of the adult population in the United States is considered, data indicate taht millions of Americans are illiterate. In order to revers this downward spiral, the skill of reading must be viewed as a continuing process. Such a supposition would be adopting and implementing a K-12 perspective.

Teaching Confused Words, Leo M. Schell

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

If a child confuses look-alike words, we can't remediate the situation by relying on "business as usual" methods. Methods used previously may have contributed to the problem in the first place. Therefore, even though confused words are a subset of common sight words, we can't use methodology typically used to teach children sight words; we need to use procedures especially appropriate for the situation. Fortunately, much recent attention has been paid indirectly to this problem.

Enliven History With Books, Karla Hawkins Wendelin

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Students often consider history to be dull and the textbooks difficult. Because of the many trade books available, however, history can be brought to life. These books create characters, both real and fictional, within settings of actual historical events. Not only are authentic details given, but the motivations underlying a chronology of causes and effects are presented in readable fashion that may be quite different from textbook material.

Effects Of Adding Folklore To Basal Reading Programs, Ellen R. Sallee, Renuka R. Sethi

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

For the past several years reading in the elementary schools has been an area of special emphasis and has been reinforced as one of the basics of a good education. In response to this situation, educators are always searching for ways to improve reading instruction.

Developing A Philosophy Of Reading: Piaget And Chomsky, Robert P. Craig

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

As Piaget consistently acknowledges, all learning is an active process. Reading, then, is an activity, a proecess of confrontation between an individual and a text (3). For both Piaget and Chomsky, language is highly strcutured. In Chomsky's terms, there is a linguistic relationship between the surface structure and the phonological aspects of language.

Reading Is Fun: A School Reading Motivation Project, Elene S. Demos

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Elementary teachers and university personnel combined efforts to develop a motivation system that could be implemented within a classroom or school building

Reading Comprehension, Visual Literacy And Picture Book Illustrations, Dee C. Storey

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The books selected for this article demand close inspection of the pictures by readers of varied ages. Children and adults alike will be challenged in the investifations that will lead toward a more comprehensive understanding of illustrations and their value.

Using Observation To Assess Young Children's Reading Attitudes, Olivia N. Saracho

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The checklist presented was derived from a study based on Rowell's (1972) conclusions: (1) the children's behavior indicates their attitudes; (2) an observer can objectively record this behavior with the appropriate instrument; and (3) the format of the instrument should provide the observer with the opportunity to assess the children's reactions to their reading experiences. based on these conclusions, the Preschool Reading Attitudes Observation Checklist (PRAOC) was constructed to assess young children's observable behaviors in reading.

Reading Horizons Vol. 25, No. 1

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete Issue of Reading Horizons volume 25, issue 1.

Professional Retention Of Bsw Social Workers: Planned And Actual Career Choices, Paul R. Raffoul, James G. Mccullagh

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The assumption that BSW students will remain in social work was examined with a survey of 107 current students and 177 graduates from 1977 through 1980. The findings suggest that most of the current students planned to practice social work and most of the graduates entered social work practice upon graduation. Recent graduates, however, had more difficulty obtaining social work jobs than graduates in 1977. Characteristics of social work education are not associated with retention, leading to the hypothesis that factors outside the control of social work education are more predictive of BSWS' retention in the profession.

The Social Security Controversy And The 1983 Amendments, Bruno Stein

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

As domestic political crisis go, the Social Security crisis has had a rather long run. The little monster made its first formal appearance in the 1974 Annual Report of the Trustees (1974), (1) and retained its ability to generate headlines and political grief until March 1983, when passage of the current Amendments put it to rest, at least for the time being. There is some measure of irony here. The original Social Security Act of 1935 was a rather modest venture, as these things go. Over time, the Act was expanded to cover more people, insure against more contingencies, and …

The Social Security Controversy: Does The Solution Ignore The Problem?, Martin B. Tracy

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

In 1982 the income levels of 18 percent of women age 65 and over were below the poverty line compared to 7.6 percent of men in the same age group (Kutza, 1982). The reasons for a higher incidence of poverty among older women are often correctly attributed to the generally unfavorable position of women in the labor market. A less frequently discussed contributing factor is the programmatic deficiency of old-age pensions under social security.

Two fundamental aspects of old-age pensions have been particularly unresponsive to meeting the economic needs of older women. These are: 1) relating income protection to paid …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 11, No. 3 (September 1984)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Symposium: The Social Security Controversy--Has the Solution Become the Problem? - pp. 510
• The Social Security Controversy and the 1983 Amendments - BRUNO STEIN - pp. 512
• The Social Security Controversy: Does The Solution Ignore The Problem? - MARTIN B. TRACEY - pp. 527
• Services for Battered Women - DECKY FIELDER, KATHARINE HOOPER BRIAR, MARIANNE PIERCE - pp. 540
• Anticipatory Socialization Towards Occupational Retirement - YAEL KRENER, ITZHAK HARPAZ - pp. 558
• Some Principles of Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Long Term Treatment Situations - JULIUS A. ROTH - pp. 585
• Income and Personal Resources: Correlates of …

Services For Battered Women, Decky Fiedler, Katharine Hooper Briar, Marianne Pierce

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Counseling, case management and advocacy services for battered women seeking legal aid broaden their resources and options for dealing with abuse. Findings from a demonstration project specify the range of needs and services mobilized to effectively aid these women with the major life adjustments they and their children face.