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Effects Of Respite Music On Repeated Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance, Jonathan T. Lehman, Brooklyn G. Whitmire, Rebecca R. Rogers, Tyler D. Williams, Christopher G. Ballmann Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 79-87, 2022. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-selected respite music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. In a crossover, counterbalanced study design, resistance-trained males (n = 10) participated in two bench press trials each with a different condition: 1) No music (NM), 2) Listening to respite music (RM; i.e. during rest periods). Following a warm-up, participants completed 3 sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 2 minutes of rest. During the 2-minute rest, participants either listened to NM or RM until the next …

Functional Movement Screen In High School Basketball Players, Nikole J. Keil, Lynn A. Darby, K. Todd Keylock, Jessica Kiss

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 1-14, 2022. Pre-participation screening and tracking of an athlete’s functional status during a competitive season is essential to maintaining optimal performance. The sport of basketball had the third highest number of boys and girls participating during the 2018-2019 season (23), which typically occurs October to March each year. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS; 10) has been administered to some youth athletes from various sports, however, both males and females from basketball have not been studied extensively. The purposes of this study were: 1) to assess functional movements before and after the natural progression of …

The Health And Fitness Characteristics Of Civilian Jailer Recruits Prior To Academy Training, Robert G. Lockie, Matthew R. Moreno, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Karly A. Rodas

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 58-78, 2022. Civilian jailer (CJ) recruits may not complete fitness testing within their hiring process. As certain job tasks in custody/jail facilities can be physically demanding (e.g., inmate restraint), better health and fitness should help a recruit graduate from a CJ academy and be prepared for the occupation. This study investigated the health and fitness characteristics of CJ recruits entering academy training, detailed between-sex differences, and categorized recruits relative to population norms. Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 89 CJ recruits (48 males, 41 females) across three academy classes from one law enforcement …

Relationships Between Hex Bar Deadlift One-Repetition Maximum And Maximal Isometric Pulls, Brandon A. Miller, Eliott Arroyo, Emily C. Tagesen, Adam R. Jajtner

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 45-57, 2022. This study sought to determine relationships between hexagonal barbell (HBB) deadlift one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and force-time characteristics of maximal isometric pulls. Twenty-three healthy adults (13 men [8 trained], 10 women [4 trained]) completed three visits consisting of a familiarization and anthropometrics session, a HBB deadlift 1-RM session, and a performance session with three maximal isometric pulls at three positions: lift-off (FLOOR), knee-passing (KNEE), and mid-thigh (MT). Correlation analyses assessed relationships between 1-RM and force-time characteristics at each position with significance set a priori at α ≤ 0.05. Correlation coefficients between 1-RM and …

Army Combat Fitness Test Performance By Sex In Rotc Cadets, Kevin Lee Withrow, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The U.S. Department of Defense recently opened all combat jobs to women. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is the U.S. Army’s new assessment for measuring a soldier’s ability to execute combat-related tasks. However, issues have been raised at a national level relative to the impacts of the ACFT on female personnel. As the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) is the initial entry point for many future Army officers, it is important to analyze how male and female cadets compare in their physical abilities. PURPOSE: To investigate the between-sex differences in ACFT performance in cadets from one program. METHODS …

Developing A Predictive Model For Vo2max In Middle-Distance Track And Field Athletes, Nicole Vargas, Patricia Vanoosbree, Kristyne Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Aerobic capacity is an indicator of an athlete’s endurance and a key predictor of performance. The greater the aerobic capacity, the more oxygen available for working muscles, leading to delays in lactate buildup, thus increasing the potential for successful performance. Studies have investigated non-exercise and/or submaximal exercise measures to predict aerobic capacity, but few have analyzed the combination of maximal exercise and non-exercise measures in Division-3 runners. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to determine the predictive ability of heart rate (HR_max), ventilation (VE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on VO …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness When Adjusting For Fitness In College-Aged Adults, Riley Morton, Kyli Alvarez, Estephania Campa, Malia Nowlen, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the largest cause of non-communicable disease death worldwide. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CVD. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio predict arterial stiffness. However, there is inconstancy in the literature as to which is the best predictor of arterial stiffness. Measured cardiovascular fitness is also an independent predictor of arterial stiffness and is rarely controlled for in epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the superior anthropometric predictor of arterial stiffness after controlling for measured fitness.

METHODS: Healthy young adults were recruited from Grand …

Fit (And Healthy) For Duty: Lipid Profiles And Fitness Relationships From Police Officers In A Health And Wellness Program, Robert G. Lockie, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Police work can place officers at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sedentary activities, stress, shift work, sleep loss, reduced physical activity, and poor dietary choices contribute to this risk. Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins [LDL], high-density lipoproteins [HDL], triglycerides) can indicate CVD risk. PURPOSE: To detail the lipid profiles of police officers from a health and wellness program in 2018-2019, and correlate lipid profiles with fitness. METHODS: Archival data for officers from 2 years of the program were analyzed (2018: 169 males, 39 females; 2019: 194 males, 43 females). Bloodwork (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) was collected in a …

Validity Of B-Mode Ultrasound For Body Composition Assessment In The Field, Nathan Jensen, Conner Dearden, Brett Holmes, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a common way to assess athlete body composition in many laboratories. While this method provides accurate values for body composition, it is not a feasible option for field work. Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using ADP. METHODS: To date, 14 actively training runners (≥ 4 hours/week for the last year) have …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Walking, Nathaniel Bodell, Bryson Carrier, Damian Gil, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking is the most widely used form of exercise. Advancements in wearable technology allow for the estimation of steps and energy consumption. Polar is a leading brand in wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are commonly used optical sensors for activity tracking. It is unknown as to whether these devices provide a valid estimate of average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while walking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and Verity Sense during self-paced walking. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; 23.5 ± 6.48 years) participated …

Effects Of Various Self-Myofascial Release Devices On 60-Meter Sprint Performance, Jared Steele, Nicole D. Bolter Phd, Maria J. Veri Phd, Matt Lee Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over the past decade, self-myofascial release (SMR) has become a common tool amongst athletes as it is highly regarded in its ability to increase range of motion (ROM), athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 60-meter sprint performances with and without two technologically advanced SMR devices - the percussive massager and clamp roller. Based on the available literature, it was hypothesized that sprint time metrics and stride biomechanics would be improved after the use of either of these advanced SMR devices compared to not using an SMR device. METHODS: The study …

A Comparison Of Multiple Body Composition Measurement Methods To The Department Of Defense’S Physical Fitness And Body Fat Program Procedures, Desmond J. Millender, Holly M. Hall, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Avadney F. Gerard-Osbourne, Ann L. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: The Department of Defense (DoD) developed body composition standards that require service personnel to meet sex- and branch-specific body mass index criteria. Failing to meet these criteria leads to body fat percentage (%BF) estimation via the DoD’s circumference method. Service members exceeding these standards face administrative action and a possible premature discharge, thus emphasizing the importance of accurately estimating %BF with this method.

PURPOSE: To compare the predictive accuracy of the DoD’s circumference-based equation to estimate %BF compared to hydrostatic weighting (HW); segmental and whole-body bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA), and sex-specific skinfold thickness assessments.

METHODS: Physically active …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Running, Damian Gil, Bryson Carrier, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Nathaniel Bodell, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Running is one of the most common forms of exercise in the world today. Technological advancements have contributed to the rise in the usage of wearable technology. Polar is a household name leading this amelioration of wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are two of the typical models used to measure heart rate and energy expenditure, however, the validity of these devices have yet to be investigated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and the Verity Sense during self-paced running. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Armband Devices While Self-Paced Biking, Wyatt B. Fullmer, Bryson Carrier, Elias Malek, Damian Gil, Kyle Cruz, Charli Aguilar, Dustin Davis, Nathaniel Bodell, Jeff Montes, Jake Manning, Mark Debeliso, Facsm, James Navalta, Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wearable technology has become an increasingly utilized tool to track various aspects of physical activity amongst fitness enthusiasts and the general public. Polar is a common brand that is utilized, and many use the devices for a variety of modalities, like walking, running, or biking. However, the validity of Polar’s armband optical devices in estimating average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while biking is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if two devices, the Polar OH1 and Polar Verity Sense, record valid measures of average HR and EE while self-paced biking. METHODS: Twenty participants …

Validity Of The K5 Wearable Metabolic System During The Ymca Bench Press Test - A Pilot Study, Kyle Cruz, James W. Navalta, Dustin W. Davis, Bryson Carrier

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The accelerated advancements in exercise technology have resulted in the development of wearable metabolic units, allowing measurements to occur outside traditional laboratories. The validation of new equipment is essential in various applications. PURPOSE: The pilot study's purpose was to validate the metabolic measurements of the COSMED K5 wearable metabolic system against the criterion Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400 during a modified YMCA Bench Press Test. METHODS: Nine resistance weight-trained participants (six male, three female, age 29.3 ± 8.0 yrs, 78.1 ± 13.8 kg, 173.3 ± 11.5 cm) performed two identical tests on the same day. Because of equipment warm-up times, the …

The Effects Aerobic Fitness Has On Heart Rate Responses For A Custody Assistant Recruit Class Performing A Formation Run, Karly Rodas, Matthew Moreno, Ashley Bloodgood, J. Jay Dawes, Joseph Dulla, Robin Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 1219-1233, 2021. This study measured the heart rate (HR) responses to a formation run (group run completed along a set route) performed by higher fitness (HF), moderate fitness (MF), or lower fitness (LF) custody assistant (CA) recruits. Retrospective data from 26 recruits (12 males, 14 females) were analyzed. Prior to academy training, a YMCA step test was administered. Recruits were divided into three groups based on recovery HR: top 25% were HF; bottom 25% were LF; the rest were MF. Recruit HR was measured during a formation run completed at an ~11-minute mile· pace …

Relationships Between Absolute And Relative Lower-Body Power And Foot Pursuit Ability In Law Enforcement Recruits, Robert G. Lockie, Robin Marc Orr, Joseph Dulla, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1078-1089, 2021. An essential job task for law enforcement officers is a foot pursuit. Lower-body power should aid foot pursuit ability; however, there has been minimal investigation of this relationship. This study investigated relationships between absolute and relative lower-body power measured by the vertical jump (VJ) with the 75-yard pursuit run (75PR), which is a change-of-direction (COD) speed test that simulates a foot pursuit in law enforcement recruits. Data from 487 male and 95 female recruits who completed the VJ and 75PR prior to academy training was analyzed. VJ variables included VJ height, relative …

Effects Of Different Types Of Lower Body Resistance Exercise On Upper-Body Strength In Men And Women, With Special Reference To Anabolic Hormones, Johan Jakobsson, Apostolos Theos, Christer Malm

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1052-1069, 2021. Resistance exercise has been shown to induce an acute hormonal response. The purpose of this study was to examine upper-body adaptations and the endocrine response to strength training in men and women when subjected to two different types of lower-body resistance training protocols. Nine males and eight females were assigned to either a Heavy Load (HL) (N = 10) or Mixed Load (ML) (N = 7) training routine three times per week for ten weeks. The HL-group executed low-volume, high-load resistance exercise for both lower and upper-body (4-6 reps at …

Physical Performance Assessments Of Strength And Power In Women Collegiate Athletes, Brian Guthrie, Jennifer B. Fields, Brian Thompson, Margaret T. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 984-993, 2021. Limited research exists on physical performance assessments for women collegiate athletes. The current cross-sectional study compared field-based tests of muscular strength and power and investigated their relationship. Sports included field hockey, volleyball, soccer, and softball. Tests of one repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat, 1-RM bench press, vertical jump, and standing long jump were administered. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed differences across sports. Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficients examined relationships among tests. It was hypothesized sports with a higher anaerobic nature (volleyball, softball) would outperform those with higher aerobic nature (field hockey, …

Evaluation Of Load Velocity Profiles With Varying Warm-Up Sets And Relative Intensities, Gabriel L. Perez, Samantha V. Narvaez, Joshua Carrillo, Misael Duque, Noel F. Medrano, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 971-979, 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the number of warm-up sets and relative intensity impacts the prediction of velocity-based one-repetition maximum (1RM) values. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (males: n = 10, females: n = 10) participated in this study. Warm-up sets consisted of subject’s bench-pressing loads at 50 (five-repetitions), 70 (three-repetitions), and 90% (one-repetition) of estimated 1RM. A maximum of four attempts were performed to determine 1RM, while recording mean concentric velocity (MCV)using a linear position transducer during warm-up and 1RM trials in order to develop load-velocity profiles. Specifically, four …

Developing A Comprehensive Testing Battery For Mixed Martial Arts, Matthew G. Plush, Stuart N. Guppy, Kazunori Nosaka, Oliver R. Barley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 941-961, 2021. Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport that employs techniques from different combat disciplines. There are a multitude of technical and physiological characteristics that contribute to competitive success. Developing a single scientific assessment that can predict competitive outcomes poses great difficulty due to the complexity of MMA. While previous research has investigated some important physiological characteristics, there is no accepted best-practice for a comprehensive testing battery. As such, this study aimed to design and utilize a battery of physiological assessments to cover aerobic and anaerobic function, strength measures including explosive and …

Anthropometric And Leg Power Factors Affect Offensive Kinetic Patterns In Fencing, Anastasia Ntai, Charilaos Tsolakis, Athanasia Smirniotou, Giorgos Paradisis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 919-931, 2021. This study aimed to identify potential factors that may influence specific fencing offensive kinetic patterns in a large group of well-trained fencers having different ages, gender level, and training specialization. One-hundred-thirty fencers (males: n = 72) and (females: n = 58), participating in three different fencing weapons (epee, foil, and sabre), having considerable experience of national and international competitions. All members of seven national fencing teams were measured for basic anthropometric parameters, leg power performance and velocity values for three specific kinetic offensive patterns during an International Fencing camp. A multivariate analysis …

Ice Hockey Goaltender Physiology Profile And Physical Testing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Viviane Marcotte-L'Heureux, Jérémie Charron, Robert Panenic, Alain Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 855-875, 2021. This review aims to 1) be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining the physiology and assessment of goaltenders, and 2) present a physiological profile of ice-hockey goaltenders. It will 1) highlight physiological differences between goaltenders and players at other positions, 2) determine strengths and weaknesses of ice hockey goaltenders, and 3) offer possible guidelines for strength and conditioning coaches. Six electronic databases were systematically searched in October 2019 using the PRISMA model. A total of twelve scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Professional male (PM) goaltenders …

The Effect Of Set Configuration And Load On Post-Activation Potentiation On Vertical Jump In Athletes, Paolo Sirieiro, Igor Nasser, Ward C. Dobbs, Jeff Willardson, Humberto Miranda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 902-911, 2021. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of post-activation potentiation (PAP) on countermovement jump (CMJ) using different set configurations and loads on conditioning activity (CA) in highly trained athletes. Sixteen national level swimmers participated in this study and performed a total of six visits to the laboratory. The first session was used for familiarization, the second session was utilized to determine five repetitions maximum (RM) in the half squat (HS), and the following four visits consisted of four CA protocols performed in a counterbalanced order. Two CAs were performed …

Are There Differences In Fitness Between Recruits From Larger (Hosting) And Smaller (Participating) Law Enforcement Agencies?, Erika Hernandez, J. Jay Dawes, Robin Marc Orr, Joseph Dulla, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 885-901, 2021. Law enforcement agencies often conduct academy training classes that include recruits hired by both the larger hosting agency (HA), and by smaller participating agencies (PA). HAs that need to fill more positions may have recruits with a wide range of fitness levels. Smaller agencies may be more selective in their hiring as they do not have as many available positions. This study compared HA and PA recruit fitness prior to academy. Retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 academy classes, incorporating 742 HA recruits (602 males, 140 females) and 99 PA recruits (82 …

Evaluating The Effects Of Match-Induced Fatigue On Landing Ability; The Case Of The Basketball Game, Nikolaos I. Liveris, Charis Tsarbou, Panagiotis D. Tsimeas, George Papageorgiou, Sofia A. Xergia, Athanasios Tsiokanos

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 768-778, 2021. This paper examines the effect of match–induced fatigue on lower limb biomechanics, in the case of a basketball game. For this purpose, sixteen male basketball athletes, ages 18 to 22, performed a jump-landing task prior and post a recreational basketball game. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was used to examine the biomechanics of landing. The Vertical jump (VJ) and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale pre- and post-game were employed to assess the level of fatigue induced by the basketball game. In order to compare pre and post measurements, …

Validity And Test-Retest Reliability Of The Jumpo App For Jump Performance Measurement, Amilton Vieira, Anthony J. Blazevich, Alexandre Souza Da Costa, James J. Tufano, Martim Bottaro

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 677-686, 2021. The vertical jump test is one of the simplest and most prevalent physical tests used in practice and research. This study investigated the validity and reliability of a new mobile application (Jumpo) for measuring jump performance on Android devices. University-aged students (n = 10; 20 ± 3 years; 176 ± 6 cm; 68 ± 9 kg) reported to the laboratory on three occasions (2-7 days apart): to be familiarized with the jump performance measurements and then for test-retest reliability assessments. Participants performed countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jumps (SJ), and right and …

Development And Reliability Of A 7×15m Repeated On-Ice Sprint Test For Female Ice Hockey Players, Kier Wilson, Joel Jackson, Gary Snydmiller, Gordon Bell

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 666-676, 2021. The purpose of this investigation was to design and examine the reliability of a 7×15m repeated on-ice skating sprint test for female ice hockey players. Seventeen women ( ± SD age, height and body mass = 21 ± 2 years, 166.2 ± 6.4 cm and 61.9 ± 7.7 kg, respectively) completed 7 consecutive on-ice sprints of 15m repeated every 15s. Two trials of the test were performed on the same day and then repeated on a different day approximately 1 week later for a total of 4 trials. The fastest 15m time, …

Effect Of Test Sequence On Maximal Anaerobic And Aerobic Power Achievement In Adults, Luke E. Stong, Luke Haile, Kyle S. Beyer, Joseph L. Andreacci

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 657-665, 2021. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of test sequence on adults’ ability to achieve maximal aerobic and anaerobic power during a single assessment visit. Forty-one adults (24 men, 17 women; 22.0 ± 1.8 years) completed two baseline visits in randomized order consisting of either a maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O_2max) or Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The subsequent experimental visit consisted of both V̇O_2max and WAnT in randomized order separated by 20 minutes of rest. Mixed-model ANOVAs compared baseline and experimental performance between and within groups. Chi …

Battery Fitness Testing In Law Enforcement: A Critical Review Of The Literature, Mohammad M. Zulfiqar, Jennifer Wooland, Ben Schram, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie, Robin Marc Orr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 613-632, 2021. Police trainees undergoing training to prepare them for the occupational demands of policing are often subjected to fitness testing. The aim of this review was to critically appraise research studies employing police fitness tests. Method: A comprehensive search of four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Ebscohost [CINAHL and SportDiscus]) was conducted by two authors independently. After duplicate articles were removed, articles that did not meet the pre-determined inclusion criteria and met the exclusion criteria were removed. The remaining studies were critically appraised by two authors independently using a Downs and Black Checklist. Cohen’s …