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Identification Of Early Behavioral Markers Of Anxiety And Social Withdrawal In Preschool Children, Chelsea M. Ale
Identification Of Early Behavioral Markers Of Anxiety And Social Withdrawal In Preschool Children, Chelsea M. Ale
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
This study examined an observational method for identifying specific behaviors to indicate social anxiety and social withdrawal in preschool children. During an interaction task with a novel adult, 28 children (ages 4 and 5) were observed for specific verbal and non-verbal behaviors (i.e., total utterances, commands, questions, unsolicited conversation, direct responses, eye gaze aversion, non-verbal response, physical distancing, freezing, smiling ) and global behaviors (i.e., shyness, volume or speech, and postural rigidity), theoretically relevant to early childhood social anxiety. Behaviors observed during the interaction task were examined in relation to the parent-reported Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale's social anxiety subscale (Spence, …
Vocal Variability In Autism Spectrum Disorders: Assessment And Intervention To Increase Novel Vocalizations In Non-Verbal Children, Allison Serra Tetreault
Vocal Variability In Autism Spectrum Disorders: Assessment And Intervention To Increase Novel Vocalizations In Non-Verbal Children, Allison Serra Tetreault
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are disorders characterized by repetitive and stereotyped behavior. Research shows that these behaviors interfere with typical development and with the acquisition of new skills, including vocal communication. For many children with ASD who are unable to imitate others and who have limited vocal repertoires, few vocal training interventions are available. Research on operant variability, however, indicates that the direct reinforcement of varied sounds may create a larger set of vocal responses. This enlarged response class could then be used to shape functional vocal communication. In the first of three studies, the existing vocal repertoires of 10 …
Dating Anxiety And Paternal Dating Rules, Chad S. Brice
Dating Anxiety And Paternal Dating Rules, Chad S. Brice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Dating anxiety is a specific type of social anxiety individuals experience in the presence of dating partners or potential dating partners that disrupts typical romantic development during adolescence. The etiological factors that contribute to dating anxiety have been less researched than other presentations of anxiety so the present research aimed to further explore potential contributors based on etiological factors related to other anxiety disorders. Many parent variables have been associated with anxiety disorders including parental anxiety, overcontrol, and fear-conditioning. In regard to dating, fathers have been shown to be more controlling and restrictive than mothers in their rule use. The …
Age, Expertise, And The Sunk-Cost Fallacy, Tara E. Karns
Age, Expertise, And The Sunk-Cost Fallacy, Tara E. Karns
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The present study is an investigation of age and expertise differences in the sunk-cost fallacy (SCF), the phenomenon of basing one's decision on past investments rather than the future consequences and/or benefits. The current study used a procedure which required participants to answer sunk-cost vignettes and to justify their answers to the vignettes. Results revealed that demonstration of the SCF decreased with age: young adults demonstrated the fallacy the most frequently and older adults demonstrated it the least frequently. An age by expertise interaction was identified for normatively correct decisions: expert young adults made more normatively correct decisions than naive …
Health Literacy And Self-Efficacy As Correlates Of Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Tomorrow D. Wilson
Health Literacy And Self-Efficacy As Correlates Of Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Tomorrow D. Wilson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing with middle-aged and older adults being those at highest risk for developing this disease. Additionally, the demands of type 2 diabetes self-management can become difficult with age, which can result in poorer glycemic control. The current study examined the relations of health literacy, diabetes-related distress, and diabetes self-efficacy on diabetes self-management among 65 adults aged 40-66 with type 2 diabetes. Age was found to be positively associated with health literacy, but negatively associated with diabetes self-care activities. Additionally, only diabetes self-efficacy was found to be a unique contributor to diabetes self-care activities …
Adolescent Autonomy Development And Problematic Eating Patterns, Kaitlyn A. Ferris
Adolescent Autonomy Development And Problematic Eating Patterns, Kaitlyn A. Ferris
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Adolescence is a developmental time period associated with increased autonomy from parents and more independent decision-making. Adolescents strive to control areas of their life once solely controlled by parents, and food and eating decisions are two areas over which adolescents may want to have sole control. In addition, there may be heterogeneity in adolescents' beliefs about food-related behavior as well as adolescents' actual eating patterns. The current study examined parents' and adolescents' domain beliefs about food and whether adolescents' domain beliefs about such behaviors were associated with problematic eating patterns. Participants included 102 female caregiver-adolescent dyads with children between the …