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Response Elimination, Reinforcement Rate And Resurgence Of Operant Behavior, Carlos Renato Xavier Cancado
Response Elimination, Reinforcement Rate And Resurgence Of Operant Behavior, Carlos Renato Xavier Cancado
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The effects of reinforcement rates of alternative responding on resurgence were studied in six experiments with pigeons. In Experiment 1A, key pecking was maintained on a multiple variable-interval (VI) VI schedule during the first, Training, phase. In the second, Response-Elimination, phase, variable differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) schedules were in effect in each component and reinforcement rates were equal and then, higher in one (rich) component, and lower in the other (lean), than in the Training phase. In the third, Resurgence, phase, reinforcers were discontinued and more resurgence occurred in the lean than in the rich component. Differences in Training-phase response rates between …
At-Risk Student-Athletes And Academic Achievement: Experiences Of Successful And Unsuccessful First Year Collegiate Football Players, Samantha J. Monda
At-Risk Student-Athletes And Academic Achievement: Experiences Of Successful And Unsuccessful First Year Collegiate Football Players, Samantha J. Monda
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The academic development of collegiate football players has become a concern in higher education during recent years (Knight Commission, 2010; LaForge & Hodge, 2011; NCAA, 2009). The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the first semester experiences of academically "successful" and "unsuccessful" first year collegiate football players. In particular, this study attempted to identify the variables that academically "successful" and "unsuccessful" football players perceived to have impacted their academic performance during their first semester. An intensity sample of Division I freshman football players who performed well academically during the Fall 2010 semester ( n=6) and a …
A Comparison Of Methods For Evaluating Descriptive Analyses, Ellen N. Brosh
A Comparison Of Methods For Evaluating Descriptive Analyses, Ellen N. Brosh
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Descriptive analyses, in which observers record behavior in the natural environment, are the most common procedure for completing functional behavioral assessments in schools. Because numerous studies have demonstrated that descriptive analyses do not consistently identify response-reinforcer relations, the frequent use of these assessments by educators is problematic. Attempts to improve the accuracy of descriptive analyses have focused on methods for analyzing descriptive assessment data. The current study compared three methods of analysis commonly cited in the behavior-analytic literature to determine whether these analyses produced similar results. Additionally, we included a treatment component to evaluate whether these methods of analysis produced …
Preference Reversals And Effects Of D-Amphetamine On Within-Session Delay Discounting In Rats, Christopher A. Krebs
Preference Reversals And Effects Of D-Amphetamine On Within-Session Delay Discounting In Rats, Christopher A. Krebs
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Impulsive choice is correlated with behavioral problems such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and can be assessed using delay-discounting procedures in which subjects choose between a smaller, more immediate reinforcer (impulsive choice) and a larger, more delayed reinforcer (self-controlled choice). A within-session delay-discounting procedure in which choice was between one food pellet delivered immediately and three food pellets delivered after increasing delays was used to examine effects of adding or subtracting delays common to both reinforcers on impulsive choice in male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 8). For all subjects, delay discounting was observed regardless of whether delays common to both reinforcers were added …
Effects Of Fixed-Time Reinforcement Schedules On Resurgence Of Positively Reinforced Problem Behavior, Tonya M. Marsteller
Effects Of Fixed-Time Reinforcement Schedules On Resurgence Of Positively Reinforced Problem Behavior, Tonya M. Marsteller
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Resurgence of problem behavior following the discontinuation of DRA interventions may be prevented by response-independent reinforcer delivery. In basic research, response-independent reinforcer delivery following DRA prevented resurgence of the initially reinforced response and maintained alternative responding. The present study evaluated if these results were generalizable humans by assessing if fixed-time (FT) reinforcer delivery following DRA would prevent resurgence of problem behavior and maintain appropriate behavior with 4 children with disabilities. For all participants, EXT following DRA produced resurgence of previously reinforced problem behavior and reduced appropriate requesting, but FT reinforcer delivery following DRA did not produce resurgence of problem behavior …
The Sharing Of And Reactions To Positive Events In Romantic Relationships, Jennifer N. Morey
The Sharing Of And Reactions To Positive Events In Romantic Relationships, Jennifer N. Morey
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
This study investigated positive event sharing (i.e., capitalization) in romantic relationships as well as partners' responses to participants' positive event sharing, and examined how each relates to attachment style and relationship satisfaction. Participants (aged 18--25, with 89 men and 95 women within 92 couples) completed online daily logs of positive events that occurred over a one week period, whether or not they shared those events with their romantic partners, and their reaction and their partners' reaction to those events. They also completed measures of attachment, their partner's general reactions to their positive event sharing, and support-seeking in a lab visit. …
Pain And Suicide In A Population-Based Sample, Sarra Nazem
Pain And Suicide In A Population-Based Sample, Sarra Nazem
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Previous research suggests that individuals who experience chronic pain are at increased risk for suicidal behaviors. No studies, however, have specifically examined the association between headaches and fatal suicide behavior. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether gender moderates the relation between pain and suicide, and whether the relation is independent of the effects of depression. The present study aimed to characterize the relation between pain (headache, back, shoulder, and neck) and suicide. Data were obtained from two sources in the Swedish Twin Registry. A total of 42,928 individuals responded to headache questions in either 1967 or 1973 for the first data …
Variances In Diurnal Fatigue Patterns And Mood Among Postpartum Women, Amanda L. Mcbean
Variances In Diurnal Fatigue Patterns And Mood Among Postpartum Women, Amanda L. Mcbean
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Postpartum women have highly disrupted sleep and many experience a disruption in their circadian rhythm during this time. They are also susceptible to mood disruptions during the postpartum period. While mood disruption may be a result of sleep disruption, there are not many data to support a link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood among healthy postpartum women. This study sought to fill that gap. Participants were a convenience sample of 71 women from a larger study. The total sample was 26.4 (SD = 4.0) years old, had a mean annual income of {dollar}51,000 (SD = {dollar}35,000), and had 15.7 …
Phosphodiesterase-4 In The Brain: Effects Of Pharmacological Inhibition And Mutation Of Disc1, Lan Xiao
Phosphodiesterase-4 In The Brain: Effects Of Pharmacological Inhibition And Mutation Of Disc1, Lan Xiao
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The effects of treatment with PDE4 inhibitors on cAMP/pCREB signaling, hippocampal neurogenesis and immobility in forced-swim test and the effects of DISC1 mutation on cAMP/pCREB signaling, PDE4 subtypes and PDE4 activity and high-affinity rolipram binding state were determined. Acute treatment with PDE4 inhibitors increased cAMP and pCREB transiently, as determined by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. Repeated treatment with PDE4 inhibitors for 16 days produced antidepressant-like effect as evidence by decreased immobility in forced-swim test, increased cAMP/pCREB signaling and enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis. PDE4 inhibitors which preferentially interact with the high-affinity rolipram binding state, such as rolipram and piclamilast, produced greater …
Following Advice Because It's Been Paid For: Age, The Sunk-Cost Fallacy, And Loss Aversion, Leo Schlosnagle
Following Advice Because It's Been Paid For: Age, The Sunk-Cost Fallacy, And Loss Aversion, Leo Schlosnagle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The sunk-cost fallacy occurs when a person invests more of a resource because they have made an irrecoverable initial investment (i.e., a sunk cost) compared to scenarios in which they did not make an initial investment, or made a smaller initial investment. The normatively correct decision is to invest exactly the same amount regardless of whether or not an initial investment has been made. An aversion to "wasting" or "losing" the initial investment has been cited as a potential reason for why people commit the sunk-cost fallacy (Arkes & Blumer, 1985; Soman, 2004). Additionally, younger adults commit the sunk-cost fallacy …