Digital Commons Network^™

Lots Of Talk About Ld50, Marjorie Sun

Popular Press Items

When animal rights groups protest the use of animals in experiments, one of their favorite targets is a test known as the LD50. Since the late 1920's, scientists have killed millions of animals to conduct the test, which was designed to help judge the acute toxicity of drugs, pesticides, and other chemicals. But animal rights groups and scientists in general agree that the test is now outdated and has limited value. Even so, according to animal rights activists, industry continues to perform the test to meet federal requirements, unnecessarily killing millions of animals a year. The animal rights groups have …

Humane Education Volume 07, Number 04

Humane Education 1983-5

• Footprint fantasies (Mary Jo Puckett Cliatt)
• A narrow escape
• For the love of birds (Carol O'Donnell)
• Action for humane awareness: a unique effort in humane education (Lorraine Holden)
• Author-Humane Educator Charlotte Baker Montgomery receives the Humane Society's top honor
• It's their home too! A mini unit on learning to coexist with the animals around us (Lorraine P. Holden)
• Happenings
• Research in Review: Teaching about predators in elementary education (Vanessa Malcarne)
• Familiar animal neighbors: opossum, mallard duck, raccoon, gray squirrel
• A provocative look at young people's perceptions of animals (Miriam O. Westervelt)
• Calendar
• What's a Picture Worth? : Foul play

Shelter Sense Volume 06, Number 10

ShelterSense 1978-92

• Veterinarian survey reveals humane work (Debbie Reed)
• Texans give their SHARE
• Girl dies despite rabies vaccine
• Dentists push pet care
• License campaign ups revenue, visibility
• Another dogfight raid
• Service wells trap animals
• Shelter Sense Reproducible – This winter, put yourself in their shoes …
• Just Wright: Community service means meeting community needs (Phyllis Wright)

Hs News Volume 28, Number 04

HSUS News 1979-88

• President’s Perspective: Let the dialogue continue / John A. Hoyt
• Zoo fallout
• PSA on the way
• Bear reward
• A response to a response
• Nix for Orcas
• Moving towards 1986: "Whales Alive" conference and IWC meeting chart whales' hopeful future / Patricia Forkan
• The North American Black Duck: twenty-eight years of failure in American wildlife management / John Grandy
• The HSUS introduces two new periodicals this fall
• Kind News promises a bright new approach for children
• The Animal Activist Alert rushes legislative news to activist members
• Keeping racing out of your state / Ann Church
• "Arnett vs. Loxahatchee" : a fragile …

Ijsap Volume 04, Number 04

IJSAP VOL 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS – VOL. 4(4), 1983

LETTERS

EDITORIALS

NEWS AND ANALYSIS

• Agribusiness Chicken Myth Dispelled
• Tuna Fishing and Improved Monitoring of Dolphin Mortality
• A Clear Mandate to Abolish Factory Farming
• Relief for Iguana Lizards
• Dogs Endanger Wolves
• DES in Veal
• The Welfare of Adult Pigs: The Effects of Five Housing Treatments on Behavior, Plasma Corticosteroids and Injuries
• Reflections of an Ex-Veal Farmer
• Research Into Bizarre Alternatives
• Animal Models in Biomedical Research—Some Paradoxical Findings

COMMENTS

• A Survey of Animal Behavior-Related Research and Testing Activities in North American Agricultural and Veterinary Medical Colleges – W.R. Stricklin
• Some Preliminary Thoughts on Permitting …

Humane Education Volume 07, Number 03

Humane Education 1983-5

• So you want a pet -- a mini unit on making responsible decisions about pet ownership (Lorraine P. Holden)
• Flash! Good news about Kind News!
• 1983 Humane Education Teacher of the Year -- 'The Teacher Who Cares About Animals' : Cindy Crawford (Lorraine P. Holden)
• Happenings
• Our neighbors' pets (Lorraine P. Holden and Beverly Armstrong)
• Research in Review -- Young children's beliefs about animals (Vanessa Malcarne)
• Humane Education Reader Survey
• A doggone good start (Vivian Leidy)
• Learning Center -- It's music to their ears (Lorraine P. Holden)
• The teacher's pet -- factors to consider in deciding about a classroom pet …

Shelter Sense Volume 06, Number 07

ShelterSense 1978-92

• Cats: do you handle them humanely? (Lisa J. Morris)
• Group makes free videotape
• Employees paid to volunteer elsewhere
• Journal educates public
• Adopters get free pet food
• Liver revitalizes animals
• “All One Family” is conference theme
• AKC may fund dog law revisions
• Wildlife rabies symposium
• Just Wright: Pets with two “owners” may mean trouble (Phyllis Wright)

Lethal Dosing Of Lab Animals Expected To Decline, Ernest Roberson

Popular Press Items

A national animal rights coalition leader yesterday predicted that the use of the “lethal dose 50 percent”' test (LD 50), by which laboratory animals are poisoned with increasingly lethal doses of toxic substances, will be substantially reduced in the coming year.

Ijsap Volume 04, Number 03

IJSAP VOL 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS – VOL. 4(3), 1983

LETTERS

EDITORIALS

• The Question of Atheism and Communism in the Animal Welfare/Rights Movement – M.W. Fox
• Sex Roles, Companion Animals—and Something More – D.H. Murphy
• The State of the Economy and Animal Welfare – M.W. Fox

NEWS AND ANALYSIS

• Pet Foods and Animal Health and Welfare
• More Money in Support of Taub
• Should Immunocastration Replace Surgical Castration?
• Predicting Carcinogenic Potential with Mathematics
• Vancouver Spay/Neuter Clinic Finds Unexpected Benefits
• New Treatment for Cat Allergies
• For Dogs, Chocolate Can Be Deadly
• Rabies Diagnostic Technique for Live Animals
• Socialization by Humans Reduces Health Risks Among Chickens …

Experiments Raise Hopes On Curbing Use Of Animals In Laboratory, Bayard Webster

Popular Press Items

Growing awareness of the sensitivity of animals has recently been touched off by wide publicity surrounding some examples of apparently extreme cruelty to primates in a Maryland laboratory. Many scientists as well as animal welfare advocates have been led to seek more humane ways of conducting drug testing and medical research with live animals and to investigate ways in which their use could be curtailed, if not eliminated.

Humane Education Volume 07, Number 02

Humane Education 1983-5

• Try a little tenderness
• What is a nature center? (Thomas H. Livers)
• Programs for preschoolers (Christine S. Donovan)
• Mimicking, imagining, chatting, discovering: Behavior patterns of the preschooler (Hannah London)
• Happenings
• Research in review (Vanessa Malcarne)
• Don't stay between the lines! (Vanessa Malcarne and Beverly Armstrong)
• Selecting Humane Education books: sorting through the stacks (Kathy Savesky)
• NAAHE reviews children's books (Lorraine Holden, Vanessa Malcarne, Kathy Savesky)
• Humane Education Celendar
• Film reviews (Argus Archives)
• What's a Picture Worth? : They left me behind

Shelter Sense Volume 06, Number 03

ShelterSense 1978-92

• Euthanasia – the hardest part about being humane (Nancy S. Burby)
• A happy ending
• Hildee’s handicap
• Kennel Permit laws
• Conference highlights grief
• Recycling for money!
• Legislative hotline
• Sew necessary …
• Fundamentals of search and seizure: gaining consent (Tim Greyhavens)
• Circus Watch: an update
• Just Wright: Investigations have limits; know them! (Phyllis Wright)

Ijsap Volume 04, Number 02

IJSAP VOL 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS – VOL. 4(2), 1983

LETTERS

EDITORIALS

• Aquaculture—Now, Factory Fish Farming – M.W. Fox
• Achieving a Concensus on Dog Control Strategies: A Brief Primer – D.B. Wilkins

NEWS AND ANALYSIS

• New Assaults on Dogs in the USSR
• Just How Free Is a “Free-Range” Chicken?
• The Dutch Announce Potential Alternatives to the Draize Test
• Art for Whose Sake?
• Mysterious New Cat Disease in the U.K.
• Sleuthing Down the True Facts—Provimi Group Housing Trial
• Where There’s a Whale There’s a Way: Japanese History and Her Intransigence on Whaling

FOCUS

• Too Much of a Good Thing: Protein and a Dog’s Diet …

Environmental Psychology And Great Ape Reproduction, Terry L. Maple

Zoos and Aquariums Collection

At the 1980 Great Ape Infertility Workshop, we concluded that "physical and social environments must be improved if not optimized if great apes are to reproduce satisfactorily ... " In 1982, the trend toward improvement continues and there are some promising signs that reproduction has been enhanced as predicted. The problem of designing and evaluating captive environments which will facilitate interaction, reproduction, appropriate parenting, and socialization is well within the scope of Environmental Psychology. I intend to illustrate the promise of this applied research field in the remarks that follow.

Abundance And Distribution Of Large Mammals In The Upper Ogun Game Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria, T. A. Afolayan, K. R. N. Milligan, S. O. Salami

Nature Collection

In this study, three indirect methods [counts of animal droppings, footprints, and tracks) were used as indices to estimate the abundance and distribution of large mammals in the Upper Ogun Game Reserve, which is located in a typical Southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Thirteen animal species were recorded; kob, bushbuck, hartebeest, roan antelope and duicker were the most abundant. The distribution of large mammals appears to be controlled by several factors: accessibility to the River Ogun [the main source of water in the reserve), availability of food and cover, and the extent of illegal hunting.

An analysis of questionnaires …

Biological Control Of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox: A Preliminary Strategy, Edward W. West, Robert L. Rudd

Hunting Collection

No abstract provided.

Selecting A Spay/Neuter Program For Animal Control In The City Of Charlotte, Diane Quisenberry, Mary Elizabeth Clapp

Hunting Collection

The City of Charlotte, NC, in attempting to determine the best kind of program for reducing its increasing populations of unwanted dogs and cats, examined a full range of possible options for limiting these populations. Five measures for population control were considered: spay/neuter surgery, euthanasia, physical restraint, mechanical contraception, and chemical contraception. It was concluded that a spay/neuter program that incorporated educational and legislative components would be the most effective means of large-scale population control, although other methods like euthanasia would still have to be used. Based on a survey of a number of cities with spay/neuter programs in place, …

Ethologic And Economic Examination Of Aviary Housing For Commercial Laying Flocks, D. W. Fölsch, Chr. Dolf, H. Ehrbar, T. Bleuler, H. Teijgeler

Agribusiness Collection

The result of our work shows that appropriate housing is necessary for intensively kept hens and that the housing has to correspond to the vital needs and the nature of the animals.

This is important for two reasons: a) the innate needs of the birds must be satisfied; b) for the proper development of the animal and successful egg production.

The housing facilities should allow the following functional cycles without restrictions:

Social organization: the structuring of a group or unit of animals.

Locomotion: walking, running, fluttering, flying.

Feeding behavior: search for food and water, food and water pecking, ground scratching, …

A Different Approach To Horse Handling, Based On The Jeffery Method, Judith K. Blackshaw, Des Kirk, Sharon E. Cregier

Equines Collection

A method of horse training is discussed which is based on an old technique known in Australia as the "Jeffery method." It makes use of several behavioral principles, including understanding of horse behavior, reinforcement for desired behavior, and use of flight distance principles.

Historical Trends In American Animal Use And Perception, Stephen R. Kellert, Miriam O. Westervelt

Attitudes Towards Animals Collection

Changes in American attitudes and behaviors toward animals from 1900-1976 will be examined. The data are derived from an empirical analysis of 4,873 animalrelated newspaper articles. Four newspapers were used in this analysis- the Los Angeles Times; Hartford Courant; Buffalo, Wyoming Bulletin; and the Dawson, Georgia News. A content analysis procedure was employed to record animal-related information in the articles, and these data were subjected to a variety of statistical analyses. A comparison of the results with a 1978 national survey of American attitudes and behaviors is briefly attempted. Finally, some policy implications of the data are considered.

Achieving A Concensus On Dog Control Strategies: A Brief Primer, D. B. Wilkins

Pets Collection

The welfare arguments surrounding dog ownership may not stimulate the same passionate fervor as those relating to the use of animals in experiments, factory farming, or the hunting of live animals with hounds, but nevertheless, they are matters of real concern to most welfare organizations. The most serious problems are caused through irresponsible ownership, which leads to overbreeding and the inevitable consequence of large numbers

Too Much Of A Good Thing: Protein And A Dog's Diet, Dana H. Murphy

Pets Collection

Where the analysis done by Kronfeld on stress in dogs goes awry is in its implication that this conversion of protein reserves occurs during a mild or transient period of emotional turmoil. In point of fact, catabolism of proteins only begins after an extended duration of severe stress, as a consequence of an extreme condition like a long sled race or a bad infection. Therefore, a mildly stressed animal probably needs carbohydrates (and perhaps fats) far more than supplemental protein, since the former can be quickly and easily converted into bodily fuel. And in the case of the stress induced …

Thoughtful Use Of Animals, Hyram Kitchen

Experimentation Collection

As part of a symposium held in Cincinnati entitled, "Ethical Issues Related to the Use of Research Animals," I was asked by the program director to consider whether further legislation regarding the use of animals might be necessary to ensure more thoughtful use of animals at universities. The following is my response.

Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi

Experimentation Collection

Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adoption of alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside of the biomedical community. The purpose of this paper was to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Safety testing of chemicals is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporation of alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to limitations of alternatives in use currently, there …

Some Preliminary Thoughts On Permitting Animals To Sue In Contract And Tort, Henry Cohen

Laws and Legislation Collection

Animal protection statutes are of course extremely valuable, and they might be made even more so if they were formulated to give private rights of action to their beneficiaries--the animals themselves. But what I would like to explore here is the idea of extending common law rights of action to animals. Admittedly, permitting animals to sue in contract and tort now seems fanciful, but my hope is that this article will provide an initial step toward bringing it about.

Does Wildlife Have Legal Standing? - The Penguin Case In Patagonia, Pedro Tarak

Laws and Legislation Collection

The Magellan penguin populations in the Patagonian province of Argentina were recently threatened by a proposed joint Japanese-Argentine venture to exploit them on a massive scale. The firm, Hinode Penguin Argentina, wished to begin slaughtering what it termed "excess" penguins, and to process the dead birds into skins for the world market; the carcasses were to be converted to a protein extract for local consumption.

Upon learning about this venture, Argentine conservation groups mobilized their forces quickly- formulating and implementing media campaigns, soliciting scientific opinions from local and worldwide experts, and concocting legal strategies. The legal tactics alone, although initially …

Psychological Aspects Of Slaughter: Reactions Of College Students To Killing And Butchering Cattle And Hogs, Harold A. Herzog Jr., Sandy Mcgee

Human Health Collection

This study examined the reactions of college students involved in slaughtering cattle and hogs as part of their jobs on a college work crew. The 27 students were surveyed on attitudes containing items toward slaughtering animals and toward different uses of animals. Nineteen were later interviewed. Some aspects of slaughtering were reported to be more bothersome than others. There was a relationship between the amount of experience of the subjects in slaughtering and also their general attitudes toward various uses of animals and their responses to several of the items on the questionnaire. The perceived benefits of the slaughtering experience …

The North American Black Duck (Anas Rubripes): A Case Study Of 28 Years Of Failure In American Wildlife Management, John W. Grandy

Conservation Collection

A scientific and technical analysis is presented of the factors which may have been primarily responsible for an estimated 60% decline in the black duck (Anas rubripes) population since 1955. The analyses presented show that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the management agency responsible for waterfowl management in the United States, has recognized the population decline, that the FWS's own experts have consistently recognized that hunting is the most likely cause of the population decline, and that hunting is the only mortality factor which wildlife managers can control in the practical sense. Using FWS information, the author shows, …

Review Of Literature On Use Of T-61 As An Euthanasic Agent, Laura Dalia Barocio

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

The tools of evaluating the degree of distress in animals being killed include electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and measurement of blood pressure and respiration. Sound clinical and behavioral observations should also not be abandoned in the evaIuation process.

There are many methods which may be employed to reach the same end results, but the ideal method should satisfy several criteria: 1. It should be painless; 2. It should cause unconsciousness instantaneously and death within minutes; 3. It should not cause undue anxiety, alarm, fear, panic, behavior, struggling, vocalization, muscle spasms or clinical signs of automatic activation (e.g., convulsions) before unconsciousness; …

The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington

Ethology Collection

The behavior of 12 calves confined in crates was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 12-hour periods. These recordings were made at fortnightly intervals from approximately 2 to 16 weeks of age. In all, 864 hours of observations were recorded.

The activities that were performed and the amount of time spent doing each are outlined. Circadian rhythms were controlled largely by feeding time, although there was a difference between diurnal and nocturnal behavior. Individual calves vaned tn how they adapted to the restricted environment. Individual personality profiles and data on the ontogeny of behavior under these conditions are presented.

At 10 …