Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education (89)
- Instructional Media Design (55)
- Business (27)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (20)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (18)
-
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (17)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (15)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (12)
- Computer Sciences (11)
- Databases and Information Systems (11)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (10)
- Nursing (9)
- Business Administration, Management, and Operations (8)
- Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods (7)
- Science and Mathematics Education (7)
- Curriculum and Instruction (6)
- Health and Medical Administration (5)
- Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education (5)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (4)
- Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations (4)
- Other Education (4)
- Public Policy (4)
- Adult and Continuing Education Administration (3)
- Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching (3)
- Advertising and Promotion Management (3)
- Arts and Humanities (3)
- Communication (3)
- Higher Education Administration (3)
- Higher Education and Teaching (3)
- Marketing (3)
Articles 1 - 30 of 138
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Enrollment In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math Courses After Enactment Of Texas' House Bill 5, Carlana Cla'shette Allen
Enrollment In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math Courses After Enactment Of Texas' House Bill 5, Carlana Cla'shette Allen
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Student participation and performance in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) have been an education concern in the United States for years. In 2013, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 5 (HB5) to support increases in STEM awareness, particularly among ethnic minority and female students. To date, no studies have been conducted on the impact, if any, of HB5 on Texas high school students’ course selections in STEM areas. Further, it is unknown whether the impact that does exist is equally distributed across socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and gender groups. The purpose of this nonexperimental correlational quantitative study was to determine …
The Effects Of Gender, Age, And Year Of Study On Occupational Therapy Students’ Social Media Competency, Vikram Pagpatan
The Effects Of Gender, Age, And Year Of Study On Occupational Therapy Students’ Social Media Competency, Vikram Pagpatan
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Occupational therapy students (OTSs) who misuse social media within academic and clinical learning environments may increase the instances of ethical health care violations and breaches of professional codes of conduct. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to assess the social media competency (SMC) scores of OTSs based on year of study, age, and gender. As a result, the research questions were developed to compare the SMC of OTSs based on year of study, age, and gender. The study was grounded by Bandura’s social learning theory and a rationale for allowing social media use in the curriculum. An archived …
Enrollment In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math Courses After Enactment Of Texas' House Bill 5, Carlana Cla'shette Allen
Enrollment In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math Courses After Enactment Of Texas' House Bill 5, Carlana Cla'shette Allen
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Student participation and performance in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) have been an education concern in the United States for years. In 2013, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 5 (HB5) to support increases in STEM awareness, particularly among ethnic minority and female students. To date, no studies have been conducted on the impact, if any, of HB5 on Texas high school students’ course selections in STEM areas. Further, it is unknown whether the impact that does exist is equally distributed across socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and gender groups. The purpose of this nonexperimental correlational quantitative study was to determine …
Perceptions Of Veteran Middle And High School Stem Teachers On Integrating Tablets Into The Classroom, Joanie Marie Rice
Perceptions Of Veteran Middle And High School Stem Teachers On Integrating Tablets Into The Classroom, Joanie Marie Rice
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Abstract Despite the availability of technology for instruction, veteran science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers are still reluctant to incorporate recent technologies, such as tablets, into the classroom. This qualitative case study was conducted to explore the perceptions of eight middle and high school veteran STEM teachers integrating tablets into the classroom. This study focused on how veteran STEM teachers viewed the integration of tablets into the school, the challenges experienced when integrating tablets into the classroom, and the opportunities that experienced STEM teachers observed when integrating tablets into the classroom based on the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) …
Enrollment In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math Courses After Enactment Of Texas' House Bill 5, Carlana Cla'shette Allen
Enrollment In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math Courses After Enactment Of Texas' House Bill 5, Carlana Cla'shette Allen
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Student participation and performance in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) have been an education concern in the United States for years. In 2013, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 5 (HB5) to support increases in STEM awareness, particularly among ethnic minority and female students. To date, no studies have been conducted on the impact, if any, of HB5 on Texas high school students’ course selections in STEM areas. Further, it is unknown whether the impact that does exist is equally distributed across socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and gender groups. The purpose of this nonexperimental correlational quantitative study was to determine …
Exploring Strategies For Measuring Team Innovation In Small Financial Business, Kimberly Nicole Whitt
Exploring Strategies For Measuring Team Innovation In Small Financial Business, Kimberly Nicole Whitt
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Small financial business leaders cannot maintain a competitive advantage without effectively measuring work team innovation. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies that small financial business leaders use to measure work team innovation to maintain a competitive advantage. The conceptual framework undergirding this study was Schumpeter’s innovation management theory. The research question asked what strategies small financial business leaders use to effectively measure work team innovation to maintain a competitive advantage. Interview data were collected from 15 small financial business leaders who employ less than 100 employees in Madison, Chester, Gibson, Henderson, and …
Riders’ Lived Experiences About Ride-Sharing On The Concept Of Customer Trust In The Choice Of Rides In Dallas, Texas, Winston Randolph John
Riders’ Lived Experiences About Ride-Sharing On The Concept Of Customer Trust In The Choice Of Rides In Dallas, Texas, Winston Randolph John
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A business’s long-term success is dependent on the ability to build and maintain customer trust. Failed projects within the sharing economy, which ride-sharing is part of, suggest distrust of the services and products of sharing economy companies. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of riders using ride-sharing regarding the concept of customer trust in Dallas, Texas. The conceptual framework for this study was the theory of planned behavior. Interview data were gathered from 15 participants who met the inclusion requirements of being a rider with Uber or Lyft with ride experiences before, during, …
Exploring Teachers’ Use Of Instructional Technology During Reading For English Language Learners, Phyllis Ingram
Exploring Teachers’ Use Of Instructional Technology During Reading For English Language Learners, Phyllis Ingram
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In the southeastern United States, many local school districts have mandated an increased use of instructional technology to address low reading proficiency among English language learners (ELLs). However, local district leaders and stakeholders concurred that additional research was needed to explore how teachers were using technology in their instructional practices for the academic content proficiency of ELLs. The purpose of this qualitative multisite case study was to explore Grade 3–5 teachers’ perceptions of and experiences using instructional technology during reading instruction with ELLs; consequently, the research questions addressed these perceptions and experiences. The substitution, augmentation, redefinition, and modification (SAMR) model …
Teachers’ And Education Leaders’ Perspectives On Using Technology To Develop Vocabulary Among Kindergarten English Learners, Nelsy J. Jackson
Teachers’ And Education Leaders’ Perspectives On Using Technology To Develop Vocabulary Among Kindergarten English Learners, Nelsy J. Jackson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractResearch has shown that technology-mediated interventions in education can increase students’ understanding of academic vocabulary. However, it is not known how teachers provide opportunities for kindergarten English learners (ELs) to learn vocabulary using technology, and school leaders support teachers in this endeavor. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand teachers' and school leaders’ perspectives on opportunities for kindergarten ELs to use technology to develop vocabulary in an urban school in the southwest United States. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Cummins’s theory of basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency. Using purposeful …
Perceptions Of Veteran Middle And High School Stem Teachers On Integrating Tablets Into The Classroom, Joanie Marie Rice
Perceptions Of Veteran Middle And High School Stem Teachers On Integrating Tablets Into The Classroom, Joanie Marie Rice
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Abstract Despite the availability of technology for instruction, veteran science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers are still reluctant to incorporate recent technologies, such as tablets, into the classroom. This qualitative case study was conducted to explore the perceptions of eight middle and high school veteran STEM teachers integrating tablets into the classroom. This study focused on how veteran STEM teachers viewed the integration of tablets into the school, the challenges experienced when integrating tablets into the classroom, and the opportunities that experienced STEM teachers observed when integrating tablets into the classroom based on the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) …
Issues Influencing The Certification Of Online Career And Technical Educators In The Western Pacific Region, Benjamin Borja Seman
Issues Influencing The Certification Of Online Career And Technical Educators In The Western Pacific Region, Benjamin Borja Seman
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The problem this study addressed is Career and Technical Education (CTE) teachers’ perceived concerns of the eTeacher certification process and perceived support needed to increase CTE teacher participation in the process. Although an eTeacher certification process is available and free of cost in the Western Pacific region, local secondary CTE teachers have resisted enrolling in certification courses resulting in few CTE offerings for the distance education program. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived concerns of CTE teachers, and the perceived support needed to increase participation in the eTeacher certification process to teach online CTE courses in …
The Effects Of Gender, Age, And Year Of Study On Occupational Therapy Students’ Social Media Competency, Vikram Pagpatan
The Effects Of Gender, Age, And Year Of Study On Occupational Therapy Students’ Social Media Competency, Vikram Pagpatan
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Occupational therapy students (OTSs) who misuse social media within academic and clinical learning environments may increase the instances of ethical health care violations and breaches of professional codes of conduct. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to assess the social media competency (SMC) scores of OTSs based on year of study, age, and gender. As a result, the research questions were developed to compare the SMC of OTSs based on year of study, age, and gender. The study was grounded by Bandura’s social learning theory and a rationale for allowing social media use in the curriculum. An archived …
Teachers’ And Education Leaders’ Perspectives On Using Technology To Develop Vocabulary Among Kindergarten English Learners, Nelsy J. Jackson
Teachers’ And Education Leaders’ Perspectives On Using Technology To Develop Vocabulary Among Kindergarten English Learners, Nelsy J. Jackson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractResearch has shown that technology-mediated interventions in education can increase students’ understanding of academic vocabulary. However, it is not known how teachers provide opportunities for kindergarten English learners (ELs) to learn vocabulary using technology, and school leaders support teachers in this endeavor. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand teachers' and school leaders’ perspectives on opportunities for kindergarten ELs to use technology to develop vocabulary in an urban school in the southwest United States. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Cummins’s theory of basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency. Using purposeful …
Strategies Leaders Of Stem-Focused Education Nonprofit Organizations Use To Engage Hiring Corporations, Andrew Kanas
Strategies Leaders Of Stem-Focused Education Nonprofit Organizations Use To Engage Hiring Corporations, Andrew Kanas
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Some leaders of nonprofit Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM) focused nonprofit education organizations lack strategies to engage STEM-focused hiring corporations to support their organizations’ missions. Nonprofit leaders are concerned about engaging individuals, organizations, and government entities to help support sustainability. Grounded in human capital theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies leaders of nonprofit STEM-focused education organizations use to engage STEM-focused hiring corporations to support their nonprofit organizations’ mission. The participants consisted of five board members of a nonprofit partner organization in the U.S. state of Florida who successfully managed STEM-focused stakeholder engagement. …
Perceptions Of K-12 Principals Regarding Integration Of Technology Into The Curriculum, Jaalyn Elisha Richardson
Perceptions Of K-12 Principals Regarding Integration Of Technology Into The Curriculum, Jaalyn Elisha Richardson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractThe research problem was that K-12 school principals struggled concerning integration of technology into the curriculum (ITC). The purpose of this basic qualitative research study was to explore perceptions of K-12 school principals concerning ITC. The conceptual framework was the Hallinger and Murphy model focusing on institutional management, including school goals for principals to frame and communicate to school personnel. Perceptions of K-12 school principals concerning ITC were addressed. Data were collected using semistructured interviews via Zoom. The sample was 10 K-12 school principals who were purposively selected. These participants had at least 3 academic years in their jobs. Thematic …
Strategies For Catalyzing Supply Chain Innovation In Midsized Manufacturing Firms, Matthew J. Szukalowski Iii
Strategies For Catalyzing Supply Chain Innovation In Midsized Manufacturing Firms, Matthew J. Szukalowski Iii
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Supply chain inflexibility results in reduced efficiency and profitability. Without supply chain flexibility, supply chain managers in manufacturing firms risk the loss of competitive advantage due to reduced efficiency and profitability. Grounded in business process engineering conceptual framework, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies supply chain leaders in manufacturing organizations use to achieve supply chain flexibility. The participants were five supply chain leaders in the manufacturing industry in the midwestern United States and successfully implemented innovative solutions to achieve supply chain flexibility. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of company documents …
Individual Public-School Teachers’ Influence On Technology Implementation, Aletcia Whren
Individual Public-School Teachers’ Influence On Technology Implementation, Aletcia Whren
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Many teachers in the United States, despite access to and demonstrated benefits of instructional technology, are reluctant to integrate these innovations into their teaching. Although public schools spend millions to supply the technology to improve instruction and student academic achievement, teachers often choose not to adopt it. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to understand better how and why many teachers are reluctant to integrate instructional technology in their classrooms. Guided by cultural historical activity theory, the study occurred in two phases. First, the Concerns-Based Adoption Model Stages of Concern Questionnaire was used to identify a sample of …
Elementary Teacher Perceptions Of Blended Learning In The Digital Classroom, Sarah Cummings
Elementary Teacher Perceptions Of Blended Learning In The Digital Classroom, Sarah Cummings
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Blended learning is an instructional model in which instruction is delivered using a combination of traditional teaching methods and online learning materials such as digital textbooks, virtual textbooks, and teacher-made videos. The problem was that elementary teachers in local schools were not implementing blended learning as intended by the school’s improvement plan. The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of elementary teachers in Grades 3-5 who have experience using blended learning. The framework for the study is the complex adaptive blended learning system (CABLS) because it helps examine the blended learning elements and the changes that result …
Elementary Teacher Experiences Regarding Use Of Technology In The Western Pacific Islands, Lynn Ordonez Mendiola
Elementary Teacher Experiences Regarding Use Of Technology In The Western Pacific Islands, Lynn Ordonez Mendiola
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In the Western Pacific Islands School District (WPISD), technology standards were last developed and adopted in 2008. These standards have not been revisited or revised. The problem is that teachers are expected to use the latest educational technology, but technology standards are not current for preparing students for the 21st century workforce. The purpose of this basic qualitative inquiry was to explore how elementary teachers use current classroom technologies to address 21st century skills as mandated by the WPISD, despite having outdated technology standards. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework guided the study in order to integrate pedagogy, content, …
Strategies For Increasing The Sustainability Of Small Restaurant Business, Sahara J. Givens-Evans
Strategies For Increasing The Sustainability Of Small Restaurant Business, Sahara J. Givens-Evans
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Small business owners who operate in the restaurant industry face many challenges and sometimes succumb to failures. Identifying solutions to avoid failure is important and will strengthen this community of entrepreneurs and help in terms of creating sustainability strategies. Grounded in Richard Cantillon’s entrepreneurship theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies small business owners in the restaurant industry use to sustain business beyond 5 years. Participants included six small restaurant business managers who survived beyond 5 years and specialized in fast-casual food service within Chicago. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and participant reflections. …
Novice Teachers’ Perceptions Of Liminality In Building Self-Efficacy Through Technology During Covid-19 Closures, Ashley Jane Mcintyre
Novice Teachers’ Perceptions Of Liminality In Building Self-Efficacy Through Technology During Covid-19 Closures, Ashley Jane Mcintyre
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic created a social-educational problem in understanding how novice teachers developed self-efficacy through technology amidst distance learning. Exploring the social-educational problem of novice teachers’ liminality and construction of self-efficacy during coronavirus-related school closures is an emerging issue that justifies further research. A gap in research and understanding currently exists regarding novice teachers’ establishment of self-efficacy and liminal experience as first-year professionals during COVID-19-related school closures. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how novice teachers developed self-efficacy through technology amidst the liminal first-time experiences of distance learning. To explore this topic, three concepts were used: the …
Barriers To Technology Integration Perceived By Kindergarten Through Second-Grade Teachers, Jessica Levine
Barriers To Technology Integration Perceived By Kindergarten Through Second-Grade Teachers, Jessica Levine
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A problem exists in southeastern United States where technology integration is limited in classrooms. Although researchers have found benefits for integrating technology, it was unknown why teachers were not integrating technology into instruction. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of teachers of kindergarten through second-grade students about the barriers for integrating technology into instruction and the support needed to effectively integrate technology. There have been studies about the barriers to technology integration experienced by teachers; however, it was uncertain what these barriers were for kindergarten through second-grade teachers. Bandura’s self-efficacy theory was the conceptual …
Strategies For Banks Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Finance Compliance Programs To Protect Financial Systems, Pamela L. Connell
Strategies For Banks Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Finance Compliance Programs To Protect Financial Systems, Pamela L. Connell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Ineffective implementation of anti-money laundering (AML) compliance programs exposes the vulnerability of banks’ and increases the threats of money laundering and terrorist financing. The banking community must address the threat of money laundering and terrorism finance to protect the global financial system from abuse. Grounded in the fraud management lifecycle theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies to reduce threats of money laundering and terrorist financing. Data were collected from semistructured interviews, a review of bank policy documents, and previous Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) cases. The participants comprised six BSA/AML compliance officers at banks …
Elementary Teacher Perceptions Of Blended Learning In The Digital Classroom, Sarah Cummings
Elementary Teacher Perceptions Of Blended Learning In The Digital Classroom, Sarah Cummings
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Blended learning is an instructional model in which instruction is delivered using a combination of traditional teaching methods and online learning materials such as digital textbooks, virtual textbooks, and teacher-made videos. The problem was that elementary teachers in local schools were not implementing blended learning as intended by the school’s improvement plan. The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of elementary teachers in Grades 3-5 who have experience using blended learning. The framework for the study is the complex adaptive blended learning system (CABLS) because it helps examine the blended learning elements and the changes that result …
Strategies For Catalyzing Supply Chain Innovation In Midsized Manufacturing Firms, Matthew J. Szukalowski Iii
Strategies For Catalyzing Supply Chain Innovation In Midsized Manufacturing Firms, Matthew J. Szukalowski Iii
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Supply chain inflexibility results in reduced efficiency and profitability. Without supply chain flexibility, supply chain managers in manufacturing firms risk the loss of competitive advantage due to reduced efficiency and profitability. Grounded in business process engineering conceptual framework, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies supply chain leaders in manufacturing organizations use to achieve supply chain flexibility. The participants were five supply chain leaders in the manufacturing industry in the midwestern United States and successfully implemented innovative solutions to achieve supply chain flexibility. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of company documents …
Teacher Perspectives On Integrating Technology Into Social Studies Instruction, Karen Diane Caldwell
Teacher Perspectives On Integrating Technology Into Social Studies Instruction, Karen Diane Caldwell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Social studies instruction is vital to connecting students to the world and learning 21st- century skills needed for college and careers. Teachers’ knowledge and skills are essential for effective technology integration in instruction. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore the perspectives of teachers in an urban elementary school district on the use of instructional technology in terms of the potential for properly integrating technology in studies instruction. Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations theory was the conceptual framework that guided this study. The research questions focused on teachers’ interpretations of their knowledge of laptop computers, their communication …
Complexity Thinking And Broadband Internet Penetration In Lagos, Nigeria, James Hyacinth Akpoja
Complexity Thinking And Broadband Internet Penetration In Lagos, Nigeria, James Hyacinth Akpoja
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractConsidering the speed at which information and knowledge can transverse nations and organizations, the importance of broadband Internet connectivity cannot be overstated. The general problem is that the Nigerian broadband Internet penetration is considerably low, at 33% compared to other parts of the world. The specific problem is that community members and leaders have the behavioral intention to allow broadband Internet infrastructure deployment (BIID) at the local community level in Lagos. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between perceived usefulness (PU), perceived benefits (PB), perceived ease of use (PEoU), and perceive security (PS), and …
Second- And Third-Grade Educators’ Perspectives On Technology Integration And Implementation In Early Childhood Literacy Classrooms, Renee Kenny
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Researchers have indicated that educators integrate technology based on their perspectives. Despite the increased expectation for educators to integrate technology into the daily academic environment, there has not been a significant improvement in outcomes in the critical area of literacy. In this basic qualitative study, the research questions were designed to explore second- and third-grade educators’ perspectives on the challenges they face when integrating technology and how technology implementation influences literacy outcomes. A total of eight purposefully selected participants, educators who had taught second or third grade within the last 3 years with 2 to 3 years of experience teaching …
Teacher Perspectives On Integrating Technology Into Social Studies Instruction, Karen Diane Caldwell
Teacher Perspectives On Integrating Technology Into Social Studies Instruction, Karen Diane Caldwell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Social studies instruction is vital to connecting students to the world and learning 21st- century skills needed for college and careers. Teachers’ knowledge and skills are essential for effective technology integration in instruction. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore the perspectives of teachers in an urban elementary school district on the use of instructional technology in terms of the potential for properly integrating technology in studies instruction. Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations theory was the conceptual framework that guided this study. The research questions focused on teachers’ interpretations of their knowledge of laptop computers, their communication …
Middle School Teachers’ Experiences Using Internet-Based Technology In Literacy Instruction, Shelly Butler
Middle School Teachers’ Experiences Using Internet-Based Technology In Literacy Instruction, Shelly Butler
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractResearchers found that the integration of internet technology into K–12 classrooms can improve student outcomes. Self-reported statements from 15 teachers and district survey results at the local setting, a rural school in a Southern state, indicated that sixth- through eighth-grade English Language Arts (ELA) teachers were not making effective use of research-supported internet resources in literacy instruction and assessment, and it is not known why. The purpose of this explanatory, qualitative case study, which included Knowles’s theory of adult learning as a framework, was to understand how ELA teachers were using internet resources in literacy instruction. The research questions were …