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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
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Schooling Quality And Economic Growth, Frank Neri
Schooling Quality And Economic Growth, Frank Neri
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
Many studies of the determinants of economic growth rates across countries use a measure of schooling quantity, such as mean secondary school enrolment rates, to proxy for the rate of human capital accumulation. This approach ignores the contribution of schooling quality. We augment the growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) to include schooling quality, derive the relevant steady state income and growth rate equations, and then estimate the model. We find that differences in schooling quality across countries are probably more important than differences in schooling quantity in explaining variations in economic growth rates.
Part-Time Employment, Gender And Employee Participation In The Workplace: An Illawarra Reconnaissance, R. Markey, J. Kowalczyk, S. Pomfret
Part-Time Employment, Gender And Employee Participation In The Workplace: An Illawarra Reconnaissance, R. Markey, J. Kowalczyk, S. Pomfret
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
The growth in non-standard forms of employment has major implications for the effectiveness of employee participation mechanisms in the workplace, whether direct or indirect (representative). This seems to be especially the case with representative forms, such as consultative committees, because they effectively assume permanent or long-term employment and are not as easily accessible to part-time employees. However, the literature on participation rarely addresses this major contextual aspect. The issue is of further significance since the majority of part-time and casual employees are female. Consequently, to the extent that non-standard employees do not have the same access to participatory mechanisms in …
The Successful Imitation Of The Japanese Lean Production System By American Firms: Impact On American Economic Growth, E. Sanidas
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
This paper provides some quantitative evidence about the strong links between the Lean Production System (LPS) or equivalently the holistic Just-in-Time/Quality Control (JIT/QC) system and sectoral (micro) economic growth. This evidence is supported by qualitative arguments that present the LPS or the JIT/QC philosophy as a major and fundamental organizational feature of modern economies. Though the implementation of such a system originated in Japan, the USA have been in the process of catching up in the last fifteen years. Subsequently, recently published American sectoral data (for the period between 1958 and 1996) are used to provide ample quantitative evidence of …
A Lifetime Portfolio Of Risky And Risk-Free Sexual Behaviour And The Prevalence Of Aids, Amnon Levy
A Lifetime Portfolio Of Risky And Risk-Free Sexual Behaviour And The Prevalence Of Aids, Amnon Levy
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
A lifetime portfolio of risky and risk-free sexual activities is conceptually constructed in this paper. People’s time allocation between risky and riskfree sexual activities affects, and is affected by, the prevalence of AIDS. A small satisfaction differential between risky sex and risk-free sex can lead to a significant prevalence of AIDS. Numerical simulations suggest that the reduction in the prevalence of AIDS generated by a one percent improvement in the sensual quality of freely distributed condoms can be 0.855 percent when the initial satisfaction differential between risky sex and risk-free sex is 50 percent, or 0.464 percent when the initial …
Gender, Part-Time Employment And Employee Participation In The Workplace: Comparing Australia And The European Union, R. Markey, A. Hodgkinson, J. Kowalczyk, S. Pomfret
Gender, Part-Time Employment And Employee Participation In The Workplace: Comparing Australia And The European Union, R. Markey, A. Hodgkinson, J. Kowalczyk, S. Pomfret
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
The international trend in the growth and incidence of ‘non-standard employment’, and its highly gendered nature, is well documented. For ease of definition, and because of the nature of the available data, we focus upon part-time employment in this paper. Employee participation may be defined as any workplace process which ‘allows employees to exert some influence over their work and the conditions under which they work’ (Strauss 1998). It may be divided into two main approaches, direct participation and indirect or representative participation. Direct participation involves the employee in job or task-oriented decision-making in the production process at the shop …
Managers’ Perceptions Of Cooperation And Joint Decision-Making With Trade Unions: A Regional Case Study In The Illawarra (Australia), R. Markey, S. Pomfret
Managers’ Perceptions Of Cooperation And Joint Decision-Making With Trade Unions: A Regional Case Study In The Illawarra (Australia), R. Markey, S. Pomfret
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
This paper examines managerial perceptions of cooperation and consultation, and tests the hypothesis of some unionists that cooperation and consultation as perceived by management minimise union input into the decision-making process. The increased adoption of a strategic HRM perspective on the employment relationship has led to a growing concern with building cooperation through employee consultation and participation at the workplace level. This perspective actually embraces two broad approaches: ‘hard’ HRM characterised by direct forms of job-related participation; and ‘soft’ HRM characterised by representative forms of participation, or joint decision making, between management and unions and/or works councils (or consultative committees), …
Competition Policy And Smes In Vietnam, Charles Harvie
Competition Policy And Smes In Vietnam, Charles Harvie
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
Vietnam stands at an important crossroad in its transition from a planned to market oriented economy. Since the implementation of economic reform starting with Doi Moi in 1986, supplemented with further reform from 1989, the economy experienced rapid economic growth during the period of the 1990s until 1997. Since this time GDP growth has noticeably slowed, partly due to the onset of the financial and economic crisis to afflict the region in 1997-98, and partly due to a disconcerting, and related, decline in foreign direct investment flows. Despite this adverse development there has been a remarkable transformation of the economy …
Additional Forms Of Employee Representation In Australia, P. J. Gollan, R. Markey, I. Ross
Additional Forms Of Employee Representation In Australia, P. J. Gollan, R. Markey, I. Ross
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
Additional forms of employee representation (AFER) may be defined as any representative mechanism which exists alongside or instead of trade unions, which historically have been the most common form of employee representation in Australia. AFER are frequently referred to as ‘alternative forms of employee representation’, which reflects one pattern of usage of these structures. However, since they also may be, and commonly are, utilised as a complement to union forms of representation, we have chosen the more neutral term ‘additional’ throughout this paper. It is apparent from existing research in Australia that little is known about how additional forms of …
A New Taxonomy Of Economic Sectors With A View To Policy Implications, Eduardo Pol, Peter Carroll, P. Robertson
A New Taxonomy Of Economic Sectors With A View To Policy Implications, Eduardo Pol, Peter Carroll, P. Robertson
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
This paper is an attempt to tease out a taxonomy of economic sectors based on a systems approach to innovation and economic growth that may be useful for policy analysis. The taxonomy explored here revolves around novel products rather than ethereal knowledgeproducing entities. This insight goes back to Allyn Young (1928) and Joseph Schumpeter (1934) who argued that the introduction of new goods was the engine of economic growth. More precisely, our taxonomy of sectors focuses on novel products which are efficiency-enhancing within and between sectors through the market mechanism. The scheme revolves around the relationship between ‘Enabling’ and ‘Recipient’ …
The Accord And Strikes: An International Perspective, L. J. Perry, P. J. Wilson
The Accord And Strikes: An International Perspective, L. J. Perry, P. J. Wilson
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
This paper examines the relationship between Australian and world strike activity between 1960 and 1998. Appropriate indices are constructed for which evidence of a long-run equilibrium relation is found between Australian and world strike activity. The evidence suggests Australian and world strike rate indices are cointegrated with a breakpoint in that relation occurring sometime in the very late 1960s or early 1970s. No breakpoints are in evidence before, during or after the period (1983- 96) of the Accord. This result is consistent with the view that the decline in strike activity in Australia during the period of the Accord was …
The Illawarra At Work: A Summary Of The Major Findings Of The Illawarra Regional Workplace Industrial Relations Survey, R. Markey, A. Hodgkinson, T. Mylett, S. Pomfret, M. Murray, M. Zanko
The Illawarra At Work: A Summary Of The Major Findings Of The Illawarra Regional Workplace Industrial Relations Survey, R. Markey, A. Hodgkinson, T. Mylett, S. Pomfret, M. Murray, M. Zanko
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
This paper summarises the main results of the Illawarra Regional Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (IRWIRS). The data is unique in that it provides the only comprehensive and statistically reliable source of information about workplace employee relations at the regional level in Australia, and compares regional patterns with national trends. The data collected relates to industrial relations indicators, workplace ownership, market conditions, management organisation and decision-making in the workplace, among other things. The results reveal a positive pattern of employment relations in the Illawarra, distinctive in many respects from national trends.
Poverty Rates Among Part-Time And Casual Workers, Joan Rodgers
Poverty Rates Among Part-Time And Casual Workers, Joan Rodgers
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
The proportion of Australian workers who are employed on either a part-time or a casual basis has been increasing for the past several decades. By the beginning of the 21st century, 30 percent of employment is of this type. The common perception seems to be that part-time and casual jobs are undesirable. For example, Sharan Burrow, President of the ACTU, in her 14 February 2001 address to the Committee for Economic Development asserted that "60% of all casual workers require more hours to ensure a living wage." But economic status depends not only upon the worker’s own earnings but also …
Taxonomy Of Operations, Costs And Benefits Relevant To The Creation, Existence, Evolution And Growth Of Firms, E. Sanidas
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
Most of the standard economic analyses of the firm utilize only the capital (including the human one) and labor factors, and a term called technology to embrace all the remaining elements. The introduction of the transaction costs (TCs) by Coase (1937) has generated a new stream of complementary theory of the firm as developed mainly by Williamson (1985 etc). Then, a crit ique on TCs has lead to the recognition of other factors such as internal capabilities, information and know-how, routines, strategies, and so on. However, it seems that there is still a gap in economic theory or management theory …
Works Councils: Lessons From Europe For Australia, H. Knudsen, R. Markey
Works Councils: Lessons From Europe For Australia, H. Knudsen, R. Markey
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
Any discussion of the viability of works councils in the Australian context needs to examine their operation in Europe, where they have a reasonably substantial history and have become an established part of the industrial relation infrastructure. In recent years, works councils have also expanded their reach in Europe, as a result of national and supranational (European Union) initiatives. Reference to a European form of works councils, however, may hide marked differences in the structure and operations of works councils between different west European countries. This article begins by examining in some detail the diverse European experience of works councils. …
Federation And Labour 1880-1914: National, State And Local Dimensions, R. Markey
Federation And Labour 1880-1914: National, State And Local Dimensions, R. Markey
Faculty of Business - Economics Working Papers
We are accustomed to thinking of the labour movement in Australia as ‘Australian’ soon after the turn of the century, in the sense of having a national institutional base and political program. It has been argued traditionally that Australian nationalism was distinctive because of its working class base and radical democratic nature. As Stuart Macintyre argues elsewhere in this volume, the Australian Labor Party is the ‘only party to have participated continuously in national politics since its inception’. Partly as a result, the Labor Party exerted a significant political influence upon the national political program after federation. It took the …