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Binlids At The Boundaries Of Being: A West Belfast Community Stages An Authentic Self, Tom Maguire
Binlids At The Boundaries Of Being: A West Belfast Community Stages An Authentic Self, Tom Maguire
Kunapipi
Much work has been attempted to forge identities beyond the dominant topographies of the political divisions within Northern Ireland; divisions which are expressed most visibly in the so-called 'peace line', a fortified wall that separates communities in West Belfast. The dominant ideologies within the state of Northern Ireland, Britain and internationally, seek to emphasise commonality between communities as a means of diverting attention from the gulfs between them that have been and remain unresolved politically and structurally. In the face of such strategies, the staging of a play in 1997 devised within a Republican community in West Belfast might appear …
'It's Not A Story. It's History', Sue Hosking
'It's Not A Story. It's History', Sue Hosking
Kunapipi
In 1844 George Fyfe Angas promoted South Australia as a 'model colony', possessing 'a more highly moral, religious and intelligent population with Christian privileges than any other of our colonies' (Pike 138). Our model settlement was supposed to be ardent in its concern for Aborigines. In South Australia, we are now beginning to face up to that promotion as myth.
Making The Sign Of The Cross: Interdisciplinary Intersections In Theology, Australian Studies And Postcolonial Studies, Rebecca Pannell
Making The Sign Of The Cross: Interdisciplinary Intersections In Theology, Australian Studies And Postcolonial Studies, Rebecca Pannell
Kunapipi
This paper posits that there is a meeting place between Theology, Australian Studies and Postcolonial studies and that it lies in the intersections of culture, the crossroads which determine spaces of otherness, identity politics and hybridity. These notions of hybridity and transformation can be found in the symbol of the cross which is constantly being transformed, mutated, corrupted and resurrected in not only visual art, but also in performance texts. These texts reflect diverse responses to organised religion(s) in Australia and its (their) association across a range of interests, from the public arena, such as government policy and social welfare, …
Tommy Atkins In India: Class Conflict And The British Raj, Teresa Hubel
Tommy Atkins In India: Class Conflict And The British Raj, Teresa Hubel
Kunapipi
In the May 27th, 1784 edition of the Calcutta Gazette, one of the earliest and most widely read of all British India's newspapers, the following notice appeared: A subscription is opened at the Bengal Bank, for the relief of the Non-Commissioned and private Europeans, of the King's and Company's Troops in the Carnatic, who were unfortunately captured during the war with the Nabob Tippoo Sultan, and have lately been released from their confinement, and the same is to extend to all other Europeans of the lower class in the same predicament
Complicity And Resistance: English Studies And Cultural Capital In Colonial Singapore, Philip Holden
Complicity And Resistance: English Studies And Cultural Capital In Colonial Singapore, Philip Holden
Kunapipi
In his recent memoirs, former Singapore Primer Minister Lee Kuan Yew notes a surprising connection between himself and other leaders of newly independent Commonwealth states in the 1960s. Recalling his studies at Raffles Institution, the colony's premier Anglophone secondary school, and his sitting for the Junior Cambridge and Senior Cambridge School Certificates, Lee notes that he was following a syllabus taught throughout the Empire. 'Many years later, whenever I met Commonwealth leaders from far-flung islands in the Caribbean or the Pacific. I discovered that they had gone through the same drill with the same textbooks and could quote the same …
The Filmic Representation Of Malayan Women: An Analysis Of Malayan Films From The 1950s And 1960s, Adeline Siaw-Hui Kueh
The Filmic Representation Of Malayan Women: An Analysis Of Malayan Films From The 1950s And 1960s, Adeline Siaw-Hui Kueh
Kunapipi
This paper began with my interest in the roles of women in the black and white films of Malaya, spurred on by my own early childhood memories of these films. The female characters left a profound impact on me (regardless of whether they were good or evil) and have remained a source of curiosity. No longer happy with having them function merely as part of my memory, I began watching many of these films again and found remarkably intriguing portrayals of femininity that continue into present-day Malaysian society. With these concerns in mind, my paper will specifically focus on six …
Knowing The Natives: Racial Formations And Resistance In Early Colonial Narratives Of Malaysia, Mohan Ambikaipaker
Knowing The Natives: Racial Formations And Resistance In Early Colonial Narratives Of Malaysia, Mohan Ambikaipaker
Kunapipi
If there is one major qualification to be made for the post in the post-colonial it is that the political nationalism that took formerly colonised societies into freedom and independence was, as Partha Chateijee has termed it, a 'derivative discourse',^ which relies heavily on the paradigms and frameworks that are bequeathed by colonialism, even while appearing to be anti-colonial. With regard to Malaysia, the area of 'race' is one of the institutionalised political and Uterary discourses which continues to occupy a dominant position in a post/neo-colonial situation. The dream of nineteenth-century European racism with its ideology of a racially coherent …
'Do You Wish To Join This Society Or Not?': The Paradox Of Nationhood In Lloyd Fernando's Scorpion Orchid, Bernard Wilson
'Do You Wish To Join This Society Or Not?': The Paradox Of Nationhood In Lloyd Fernando's Scorpion Orchid, Bernard Wilson
Kunapipi
Lloyd Fernando is one of three prose writers (the other two being Lee Kok Liang and K.S. Maniam) who should rightfully be considered at the forefront of Malaysian literature written in English. Despite stylistic differences, each of these authors, through their examination of postcolonialism, marginalisation, and the painful quest for cultural and racial unification, has asked significant questions concerning hybrid or ethnocentric identity. All three provide local settings pregnant with oppositions, all three employ shifting natural landscapes in their writing as backgrounds to the issues of multiple identity that have emerged from Malaysia's colonial past and multiracial present. Central to …
Notes On Contributors, Index, Anna Rutherford
Of History And Memory: Re-Reading Selected Stories By Herman Charles Bosman On The Anglo-Boer War, Marita Wenzel
Of History And Memory: Re-Reading Selected Stories By Herman Charles Bosman On The Anglo-Boer War, Marita Wenzel
Kunapipi
Re-negotiating the past, a predominant concern of contemporary postcolonial literature and criticism, is also a relevant issue in South African literature today. For the most part, emphasis is placed on different interpretations of the past: personal experience and memories of historical events as opposed to available official documentation.1 In the present context, the centenary of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) has raised a considerable amount of speculation and revisitation of documents, monuments, memoirs, and fictional accounts.
The Absent-Minded War: The Boer War In James Joyce's Ulysses, Richard Brown
The Absent-Minded War: The Boer War In James Joyce's Ulysses, Richard Brown
Kunapipi
The historical event survives in the modernist literary text not as fact or fixity but as a trace, a textual memory that may be refracted through the multiple private perspectives of character, through literary language, and through innovative technologies of narrative form. One such trace in Ulysses relates to the Boer War, an historical event whose significance, arguably, becomes more complex the more closely we focus on the processes of its refraction through the three central private consciousnesses of Joyce's book. This war that ended the nineteenth-century and opened the twentieth, finds a suitable home in a novel that itself …
Major Tunbridge's Boer War Album: An Australian Construction Of 'The Other', David Dorward
Major Tunbridge's Boer War Album: An Australian Construction Of 'The Other', David Dorward
Kunapipi
The South African War was important in moulding the Australian Federation and in the creation of national self-identity. The controversies surrounding the rebel figure, Breaker Morant, addressed by Shirley Walker in an earlier issue of Kunapipi, continually resurface in the popular press, encompassing as that figure does many ambiguities of Australian national mythology that found expression at Gallipoli. 1 Memoirs and celebratory accounts of the war abound in which, however, the war is set apart, projected as an event outside: men seemingly returned and got on with their lives. Scant attention has been given to the significance of the South …
Ladysmith And All That: Mary Moore Writes Of War, Sylvia Vietzen
Ladysmith And All That: Mary Moore Writes Of War, Sylvia Vietzen
Kunapipi
Wherever you go the talk is of nothing but war, its chances, its horrors. Everybody wants it but everybody dreads it.I Pray don't think we were in a panic [sic] we were sewing shirts all day long we got so used to the idea that we should soon see the boers that we went to look at the hills from the verandas with field glasses to spy their guns.2
Love, Death And Money In Mashonaland: Olive Schreiner's Trooper Peter Halket, Carolyn Burdett
Love, Death And Money In Mashonaland: Olive Schreiner's Trooper Peter Halket, Carolyn Burdett
Kunapipi
When wars are fought, anxiety about sexual behaviour never seems far away. Will men behave like men on the battlefield? Or will they misbehave like men, and commit atrocities against soldiers or civilians - and even, perhaps, against women? Such worries surfaced in the English periodical press during the Boer War in a sharp exchange between the journalist and campaigner, W.T. Stead,1 and the writer Arthur Conan Doyle. In a piece entitled Methods of Barbarism (1901),2 Stead charged British troops with the sexual abuse and rape of unprotected Boer women made vulnerable by the British policy of destroying Boer homesteads. …
The Anglo-Boer War: An Indian Perspective, Judith M. Brown
The Anglo-Boer War: An Indian Perspective, Judith M. Brown
Kunapipi
The Anglo-Boer War is conventionally seen as part of the history of southern Africa or of British imperialism. This essay offers an Indian perspective on the conflict, in particular as it was experienced and seen through the eyes of a young Indian lawyer. M.K. Gandhi, later renowned as a religious visionary, social critic, advocate of non-violence, and a powerful opponent of British imperialism in India, in the early months of the confltct organized and helped to lead an Indian ambulance corps in the service of the government. This was one of his earliest interventions in imperial politics, for which he …
A War Of White Savages, And Other Stories: Introduction, Elleke Boehmer
A War Of White Savages, And Other Stories: Introduction, Elleke Boehmer
Kunapipi
In 1999/2000, looking back from our vantage point at this century's turn, the Second Anglo-Boer or 'Great' South African War, October 1899-May 1902, seems (even more starkly than it perhaps did before) to have laid long shadows across southern African political and cultural history of the last 100 years. These are shadows which, even if to a lesser degree, fall across twentieth-century world history and historical imaginations also. Dismissed in the past as one of Britain's many forgotten imperial wars - though a particularly costly and hard-won one - the Boer War, and the blow it represented to imperial morale, …
Notes On Contributors, Index, Anna Rutherford
The Location Of Childhood: 'Great Expectations' In Post-Colonial London, Maire Ni Fhlathuin
The Location Of Childhood: 'Great Expectations' In Post-Colonial London, Maire Ni Fhlathuin
Kunapipi
Peter Carey's jack Maggs (1997) is a novel about the creation of the self. In its 'writing back' to Dickens's Great Expectations (1861), it takes up the central themes of that novel: the exploitation of childhood and the child's struggle to find his own identity. At the same time, it constitutes a distinctly post-colonial account of the creation of Australia, as the child- figure becomes a representation of the new world. Inspired by Edward Said's reading of Great Expectations in Culture and Imperialism,1 Carey adopts the generic conventions of the 1860s sensation novel (the genre, of course, of Great Expectations), …
Separate Spheres?: Representing London Through Women In Some Recent Black British Fiction, Gail Low
Separate Spheres?: Representing London Through Women In Some Recent Black British Fiction, Gail Low
Kunapipi
The recent season of Windrush films and exhibitions in Britain celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the wave of Caribbean immigrants in the late 40s and 50s marks a public moment of stock-taking and an acknowledgement of the changing nature of British identity as a whole. Yet the series also suggests that migration - and the impact of migration - is intimately bound up with the geographical locations and destinies of cities like London, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leicester, Bradford or Leeds. As Mike and Trevor Phillips remark, 'the story of how ... migrants came to this country and …
Inventing London In Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines, Sujala Singh
Inventing London In Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines, Sujala Singh
Kunapipi
When I first read The Shadow Lines, l was a graduate student in the US, battling through the maze of too-much-theory, multiple fraught subject positions and the various options for post-colonial mimicry. As a novel about border-crossings, hybrid subjects and post-colonial travels, The Shadow Lines fitted very well with my dissertation needs as well as the prevalent fashionable interpretive agendas of the day. 1 Yet, my pleasure at reading the novel was because it was about home. As I sorted through my post-colonial traumas in small-town North America, the novel named the streets of Calcutta that I had grown up …
Hybridity As Agency For The Post-Colonial Migrant: Gabrielle Watling Bharati Mukherjee's Jasmine And Sara Suleri's Meatless Days, Gabrielle Watling
Hybridity As Agency For The Post-Colonial Migrant: Gabrielle Watling Bharati Mukherjee's Jasmine And Sara Suleri's Meatless Days, Gabrielle Watling
Kunapipi
While there is clearly some measure of truth in Simon During's contention that theories of post-colonial hybridity are Western academic inventions which often serve to limit the celebration of indigenous cultures,1 the hybridity produced by Third World migration to the West nevertheless demands responses which can read and theorize the various negotiations between migrant and host. Whereas the 'first wave' of post-colonial migration led chiefly to Britain and to such bleak allegorical accounts of the barriers to communication between migrant and host in times of social, political and demographic change as Janet Frame's The Edge of the Alphabet (1962) and …
Contemporary Canadian Poetry Circa 1998: Some Notes, Douglas Barbour
Contemporary Canadian Poetry Circa 1998: Some Notes, Douglas Barbour
Kunapipi
Notes only, and from a position I tend to think of as on the margin. But I have been reminded all too often of the fact that my margin is pretty close to many other peoples' centres and so I can't even make that claim with any sense of real justification. Let's say that I write from a site which takes certain kinds of innovation as positive, and which recognizes that many other margins, of class, race or ethnicity, gender, as well as poetic practice, are circling on the peripheries of official culture. 1 will also admit, right up front, …
'Recent Irish Poetry' And Recent Irish Poetry, David Wheatley
'Recent Irish Poetry' And Recent Irish Poetry, David Wheatley
Kunapipi
A key text in twentieth-century poetic debate in Ireland is Samuel Beckett's 'Recent Irish Poetry', published in 1934. Beckett was then twenty-eight years old and in the midst of what his poem 'Gnome' calls the 'years of wandering' before his decision to settle in Paris in 1937. Entirely out of sympathy with Free State Ireland, he used the essay to offer a damning analysis of the complacency and simple-mindedness of the great majority of its poets. Depending on their reaction to 'the new thing that has happened, namely the breakdown of the object' in contemporary culture, Irish poets divide for …
Poems, Rod Mengham
Cultures Of Hybridity: Reading Black British Literature, Mark Stein
Cultures Of Hybridity: Reading Black British Literature, Mark Stein
Kunapipi
'In the 1990s, it has become protocol to distinguish "black" (that is, African Caribbean) and "Asian" groupings in Britain' Ashwani Sharma and others have recently noted. 4 I take this quotation as emblematic of a moment in British cultures where alliances between distinct black British groups have become more difficult and where diversity is emphasized. It stems from a study which responds to a growing presence and commodification of 'Asian' musical production in Britain such as bhangra, Southall beat, northern rock bhangra and house bhangra. This increased visibility of an Asian cultural presence is true for the arts generally; think …
'And Woman's Tongue Clatters Out Of Turn'1: Olive Senior's Praise Song For Woman-Weed, Anne Collett
'And Woman's Tongue Clatters Out Of Turn'1: Olive Senior's Praise Song For Woman-Weed, Anne Collett
Kunapipi
'What kind of period is it/when to talk of trees/ is almost a crime/ because it implies silence /about so many horrors?' Olive Senior quotes Brecht in the preface to the last section of Talking of Trees, but having read her two collections of poetry I am tempted to re-word the quotation to ask, 'What kind of period is it when to talk of trees is to voice so many silenced horrors?' These horrors to which Olive Senior gives voice are acts of barbarianism perpetuated in the name of civilization: European colonization of the Americas. As Wole Soyinka almost said, …
Post-Colonial Theory: A Discussion Of Directions And Tensions With Special Reference To The Work Of Frida Kahlo, Harjit Kaur Khaira
Post-Colonial Theory: A Discussion Of Directions And Tensions With Special Reference To The Work Of Frida Kahlo, Harjit Kaur Khaira
Kunapipi
There are many positions which can be taken within post-colonial theory. The canon of English literature can be re-read from post-colonial perspectives, and subordinate or minority voices from the 'margins' of various imperialisms can be unearthed and amplified. But this body of theory in itself contains dimensions of tension and contradiction. Do postcolonial readers, in focusing upon re-readings of canonical works, merely give the canon a new lease of life? To what extent are re-readings actual reinforcements and perpetuation of such canons? To ask if we continue the project of colonialism through such re-readings is also to raise a question …
Indian Women's Writing In English, Ranjana Sidhanta Ash
Indian Women's Writing In English, Ranjana Sidhanta Ash
Kunapipi
Indian writing in English over the last ten years - 1984-1994- has been plentiful though of uneven quality. A brief personal selection has to make several omissions and the major gap here is the exclusion of women writers of the South Asian diaspora, such as Meena Alexander, Sujata Bharati Mukherjee, Suniti Namjoshi. What follows is a strictly geographic choice, restricted to women who write in English and live in India. With the mobility now fashionable in literary circles there is a tendency of some writers to gravitate between the motherland and the West, especially the USA.
Gendered Voyages Into Coolitude: The Shaping Of The Indo-Caribbean Woman's Literary Consciousness, Veronique Bragard
Gendered Voyages Into Coolitude: The Shaping Of The Indo-Caribbean Woman's Literary Consciousness, Veronique Bragard
Kunapipi
The arrival of some 551,000 Indians who, to use Mahadai Das's phrase, 'came in ships like cattle', to the Caribbean, constitutes an indisputable event in the historical and cultural development of the Caribbean region where East Indians nowadays make up more than half of the population in Trinidad and Guyana. This voyage played a crucial role in the collision between worlds and the encounter between what were mostly migrating cultures, all of them leaving behind the original! 'authentic'2 forms of the mother-country. From 1838 onwards, as the English needed more labour to keep their trade going and reassert their authority, …
Descending The Stairwell: Dwelling Places And Doorways In Early Post-War Black British Writing, James Procter
Descending The Stairwell: Dwelling Places And Doorways In Early Post-War Black British Writing, James Procter
Kunapipi
Dwelling places - houses, hostels, basements, bedsits - established themselves as key arenas of contestation in the narration of early post-war black British settlement. It was here that the panics and pleasures surrounding black immigration tended to accumulate and stage themselves. As Britain's doors were opened to its colonies and former colonies through the Nationality Act of 1948, those doors guarding the nation's residential hinterlands were being effectively dosed. Housing was, perhaps more than any other threshold in the 1950s, subject to a 'colour bar'. Its fortification could be read in the proliferation of those now hackneyed signs of racial …