Digital Commons Network^™

Gendering Colonialism: The St Joan’S Social And Political Alliance And The British Imperial Government In The Discourse Around Forced Marriages Of African Women, 1935-1939., Chiamaka Mariagoretti Ihuoma

Major Papers

The complexity of the British imperial endeavor is explored in this study; this is exemplified by how some elements and activities that can be considered contradictory to the interests of the empire helped to strengthen it instead. In this case, such contradictory elements include the all-women’s group – St. Joan’s Social and Political Alliance. In the same light, the dynamics of gender relations within the British empire are disclosed, shedding more light on the experiences of both British and indigenous women within the imperial apparatus, as well as the patterns of relationship between the two groups of women. It is …

“Living Under Different Skies”: Misrepresenting Egyptian Education During The British Occupation In The North American Press, Shaymaa Zantout

Major Papers

During the British occupation from 1882 to 1922, Egypt saw the rise of colonial educational reforms, American missionary projects, and foreign-subsidized schools. Consequently, newspapers in North America reported extensively on these colonial educational excursions. In the view of correspondents, the so-called “enlightenment” of Egyptians was dependent on their adoption of Western moral ideals and instructional models. The main criticisms levelled at Egyptian education centred on what was viewed as the “incompetence” of native instructors and schools, namely Muslim ones, as well as the need for the modern education of young women. Moreover, Christian or Western schooling was posited as the …

Skating The Line: Transnational Hockey In The Interwar Windsor-Detroit Borderlands, Nicole Pillon

Major Papers

Scholarship on the role of ice hockey in the development of the Canadian identity has neglected the unique experience of border communities in their discussions of the relationship between the formation of hockey fandom and Canadian nationalism. Usually focused on large hockey communities in Canada such as Toronto and Montreal, these studies examine the “Canadian” experience of hockey without considering the multi-faceted nature of border cities that were exposed to both Canadian and American ice hockey clubs.

This paper argues that professional hockey fandom in the Windsor-Detroit borderlands demonstrated that Windsorites’ shared socio-cultural conditions with Detroit, Michigan made them identify …

"So Long As We Still Live: Polish Efforts In Establishing A Military Recruitment Center In North America During The Second World War.", Peter Sawicki

Major Papers

Following their retreat to Great Britain in 1940, the Polish government and its military sought out fresh reserves to reinforce their depleted armed forces. With mainland Europe being overrun by the enemy, the Poles turned to the prospect of recruiting from the Polish émigré community on the American continent (Polonia). A generation earlier, over 20,000 Polish-Americans had enlisted to fight for the liberation of their homeland in the Blue Army. Seeking to recreate this success, the Poles established a recruitment center in Windsor, Ontario and a training camp in Owen Sound, Ontario. Despite their efforts, by 1942, the Poles only …

Indigenous Self-Determination Rights And The Role Of Municipality, Anh Lam

Major Papers

Since the release of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission there has been a growing interest in how municipal governments can contribute to the reconciliation process and accommodate the self-determination rights of Indigenous People in the urban setting. Urban Indigenous communities have attempted to wield greater influence in municipal planning and policy-development processes. One way this has been accomplished is through coproduction, which facilitates meaningful and respectful partnership between urban Indigenous communities and cities. This research explores how the coproduction concept is applied in municipal-Indigenous governance in two cities: Toronto and Saskatoon. By examining two case studies, this study seeks to …

Climate Change Risk Assessment Of Road Infrastructure For The Town Of Essex, Kiran Kumar Galla

Major Papers

Severe weather resulting from climate change conditions pose threats to infrastructure system’s functionality, performance, as well as public safety in Canada and around the world. Considering this, an increasing number of organisations and agencies that provide public services have recognized climate change adaptation as a top priority because of its importance in protecting the public interest. Severe weather events exacerbate demand on infrastructure and services that are already under stress. Infrastructure's age, material deterioration, flaws in design and construction, increased demand, as well as a lack of maintenance, extended service life beyond design or increased severity or frequency of weather …

The Role Of Neoliberal Ideology And Globalization In Limiting Citizen Access To A Quality Education In Mexico, Kayla N. Fiala

Major Papers

The aim of this study is to apply a content analysis to both ‘Keeping Kids in School’ (KKIS) and ‘The Youth Connection’ (TYC), grass-roots charities that fundraise educational resources and encourage Mexican students to stay in school, in order to identify recurring themes and collectivities of the Mexican education system. This study poses the question, “How has neoliberal globalization played a role in devaluing and minimizing citizenry access to a quality education in Mexico”? The two charities were chosen because their specific coordinating efforts—on behalf of shared interests to improve education in Mexico—reveals discursive constructions grounded …

Canadian Government – Non-Profit Relations And Covid-19: Crisis And The Non-Profit Sector, Safa Youness

Major Papers

This study examines the state of the non-profit sector during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through the context of government-non-profit relations. The history of this relationship is essential to the understanding of why the non-profit sector has been so negatively affected by this crisis. This research uses a normative institutionalist approach and a qualitative method of analysis to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted key issues with the non-profit sector.

The study asserts that for a number of reasons, including the lack of a clear vision by the Canadian government for the non-profit sector, shifts in public administration approaches, and …

Corporate Philanthropy: A Systematic Review, Priya Yash Pal Sharma

Major Papers

A systematic review of the corporate philanthropy literature is conducted. A sample of 60 academic articles was created and analyzed. The sample was examined to (1) develop a definition of corporate philanthropy contrasting it with related concepts; (2) review how corporate philanthropy has been examined theoretically; (3) review how it has been operationalized and determine commonly examined control, independent and dependent variables; (4) the societal implications of corporate philanthropy and (5) identify gaps in the literature and areas for future research. Findings suggest there is little cohesion in the literature regarding a standard definition, wide use of theories to situate …

The Answer To Poverty: A Universal Basic Income In Canada, Patrick Clark

Major Papers

This paper provides an examination of the persistent issue of poverty within Canada, recognizing the various causes and the previous attempts to solve it, before concluding that the key failure of all prior poverty reduction strategies is a focus on poverty alleviation, rather than poverty eradication. This paper suggests that an alternative method would be to implement a Universal Basic Income, presenting an examination of prior research in the field, comparing it to similar models and addressing the various criticisms that have been raised against it. Finally, this paper utilizes statistics provided by the Canadian government to determine what the …

Communal Consciousness: Using Wittgenstein To Challenge Epistemic Privacy, Gregory Leland Misener

Major Papers

In the Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein argues against the possibility of a private language. This argument has semantic implications for how we come to understand the meaning behind our use of mental terms. Namely, that use determines meaning prior to signification. However, an interesting part about Wittgenstein’s private language argument is what it tells us about epistemic privacy. This paper seeks to establish Wittgenstein’s private language argument in a framework which deals primarily with how we come to understand the use behind our mental terms. Once we come to understand the use behind our mental terms, we can come to …

Syriza’S Inclusionary Populism: A Challenge To Exclusionary Populism In Europe, Carmen Nour Salloum

Major Papers

Much of the literature on populism emphasizes the inclusive character of Latin American populism and the exclusive character of European populism; however, there is a dearth of research that analyzes the rise of European left-wing inclusionary populism following the 2008 global financial crisis, particularly the case of Syriza in Greece. Thus, this study seeks address that gap and challenge Mudde and Rovira Kaltwasser’s geographical differentiation framework, which limits exclusionary populism to Europe and inclusionary populism to Latin America. Adopting Ernesto Laclau’s discursive theory of populism, which draws on post-Marxist and post-structuralist theory, this study suggests that his alternative conceptualization of …

“What Sort Of Man Reads Playboy?”: Gender, Heterosexuality, And Reader Letters In Playboy Magazine, 1953-1963, Kess Carpenter

Major Papers

Existing Playboy scholarship overlooks the significance of magazine’s audience outside of the bachelor subculture it fathered in the 1950s. In fact, consumers fitting Playboy’s desired readership of white, financially affluent, single men formed only a small percentage of its actual subscribers. This study makes evident that students, soldiers, sailors, military servicemen, middle- and working- class men, both single and married, as well as women, made up most of its readership. To date, no historical study has been conducted of reader letters to Playboy, which reveal the magazine’s significance to this audience.

This paper argues that postwar men used Playboy as …

Revisiting Asian American Representations In Hollywood: Negotiating Identity, Gender, And Sexuality, Mackenzie Patrick Jessop

Major Papers

This research paper investigates representations of the Asian diaspora, gender, and sexuality by comparing two films Always Be My Maybe (Khan, 2019) and The Half of It (Wu, 2020), representative of a successful Hollywood trend marked by the 2020 (Parasite, Bong Joon-ho) and 2021 (Minari, Lee Isaac Chung) Oscar wins. The films counter a longstanding history of Orientalist Asian American tropes and stereotypes at a moment when China’s booming economy and domestic markets coincide with more creative directors of Asian origin telling their stories in Hollywood. Through close textual analysis of the two films narratives and …

Bayesian Quantile Regression Based On The Generalized Gamma Distribution, Gabriel Oppong Afriyie

Major Papers

Quantile regression seeks to extend classical least square regression by modeling quantiles of the conditional distribution of the response given the observed covariates. The attributes of quantile regression and its potential to handle different types of distributions, makes it possible to get rid of relying on normality assumptions and to solve problems in a more logical structure. It therefore provides crucial means to recognize effects that would not be noticed in classical least square regression. This study investigates Bayesian estimation of the 3-parameter generalized gamma distribution in the context of quantile regression, by allowing dependence of the model parameters on …

Heat And Fluid Flow Downstream Of A Row Of Finite-Height Circular Cylinders, Saarah Akhand

Major Papers

Induced turbulence created by a row of finite height cylinders is applicable in different engineering applications, e.g., for promoting convective cooling of solar panel. In this study, flow past a row of 13 side-by-side finite-height circular cylinders having a height-diameter (h/d) ratio of 2 (20mm/10mm) and center to center distance between adjacent cylinders (g) of 2d was scrutinized at a Reynolds number based on cylinder height of 4700 inside a wind tunnel over a flat plate. The flow at 5h and 10h downstream of the cylinder array was characterized using a 2-d hot wire anemometer. To understand the convective heat …

Exergy Analysis Of A Small-Scale Trigenerative Compressed Air Energy Storage System, Raghuveera Sai Sarath Dittakavi

Major Papers

Trigenerative compressed air energy storage (T-CAES) capitalizes on the heat of the compression process, something that is often wasted in more conventional CAES approaches. A T-CAES system with a 4-kW compressor and 2-kW turbine is thermodynamically analyzed in this study. Exergy analyses performed on each component in the system identify specific areas for improvement. It is found that, under actual conditions, more than half of the total exergy destruction is caused by the accumulator and about a quarter of the destruction is caused by the pressure regulator and turbine. Further, the pressure regulator, accumulator and turbine offer 66%, 27% and …

Sub-State Nationalism And Intergovernmental Fiscal Policy: An Examination Of The Netherlands And Spain, Eric Bryan Hubberstey

Major Papers

Nations without the distinct legal status of statehood have become increasingly important in the domestic politics of some European countries. Recent secession referenda in various countries (most notably Spain and the United Kingdom) have highlighted this trend. This study examines the impact that sub-state national identities have on the disbursement of intergovernmental transfer payments in two unitary states: the Netherlands and Spain. These cases were selected to conduct a “most different systems” analysis and examined transfers from the central governments to their respective highest levels of regional governance in the period between 2010 and 2018. Established theory on the interaction …

Asymmetrical Governance: Auditing Algorithms To Preserve Due Process Rights, Paul J. Baillargeon

Major Papers

We are now living in age where algorithms, and the data that feed them, govern a wide variety of decisions in our lives: not just search engines and personalized Netflix suggestions, but educational evaluations, stock market trades and political campaigns, the urban planning, and even how social services like welfare and public safety are managed. Heterogeneous lists like this have become the norm in any critical examination of algorithms, giving the impression of a ubiquitous relevance of algorithms. But algorithms can make mistakes that directly affect individuals and often contain both implicit and explicit biases. The technical complexity of algorithms, …

Application Of Garch Type Models In Forecasting Value At Risk, Katayoon Naimian

Major Papers

Dynamic risk management requires the risk measures to adapt to information at different times, such that this dynamic framework takes into account the time consistency of risk measures interrelated at different times. The value-at-risk (VaR) is one of the most well-known downside risk measures due to its intuitive meaning and a broad range of applications in practice, however, the static version embraces more popularity. This study investigates dynamic VaR modeling using four conditional volatility forecasting models: GARCH, TGARCH, GJRGARCH, and IGARCH, and compares the forecasting output of the suggested GARCH-based volatility models. Since the predictive accuracy of Value-at-Risk (VaR) models …

Desertion And Discipline: How British Soldiers Influenced The Military Justice System During The Seven Years’ War, Ronnie Haidar

Major Papers

The academic examination of military justice is relatively new. Military history has focused on such topics as commanding officers, tactics, logistics, combat, and outcomes. However, exploring the theme of military discipline, by concentrating on relations between commissioned and enlisted ranks, engages the army as a social institution with its own internal power dynamic. Two historiographical interpretations on the subject have developed over the last few decades. One builds upon the orthodox view of discipline in the Early Modern Era as severe and punitive, portraying militaries as whipping men to war. Recently, revisionist historians have argued that over the 18^{th …}

Advanced Exergy Analysis Of A Whispergen Stirling Engine System, Akash Mathew

Major Papers

With the increasing demand for energy, it has become imperative to look for better and more efficient systems. Combined heat and power systems can provide the required power output while also utilizing the waste heat to increase the overall efficiency of the system. This study analyzed a 1 kW WhisperGen Combined Heat and Power system powered by a Stirling engine. A thermodynamic analysis of the engine was performed to understand the losses occurring within it. In addition, the WhisperGen engine was analyzed in terms of its exergy losses through an advanced exergy analysis on the different components of the engine. …

Multiliteracies Pedagogy In Second Language Learning: Examining How Canadian Elementary Esl Classrooms Can Empower Diverse English Language Learners, Nurun Nahar Laboni

Major Papers

Canada's socio-cultural landscape is changing every day due to the transitional migration of demographics from all over the world. The immigrant and refugee populations who enter Canadian society are mostly allophones who do not speak English or French- Canada's two official languages as their mother tongue. The allophone students who belong to this migrator group must learn the official languages to get equal access to the country's social and economic sectors. Thus, Canadian schools are entitled to provide adequate support in teaching English and French to these immigrant students to ensure their merging in broader society. But these immigrant students …

Achieving Learning Outcomes In Online Education, Sajjad Ismail

Major Papers

Online education is proliferating fast for its many advantages, cost-effectiveness being one of the prime reasons. The most recent pandemic situation around the world has made it a serious and an urgent need. While there is a general agreement that online education is as good as face-to-face or better, except for some dissenting views, there is no literature available that can inform on the minimum essentials for achieving learning outcomes in online learning modality. This Major paper presents a synthesis of the latest studies on the most studied variables having significant effect on the online learning outcomes to extract the …

Covid-19 And Virtual Leadership Challenges, Rachelle Samsoondar

Major Papers

This paper attempts to investigate the structure and efficacy of e-leadership in the workplace. In addition, the paper focuses on the impacts and challenges e-leaders must overcome to successfully manage teams whilst maintaining business objectives and goals. Three challenges were selected for this research from productivity, personal management/human resources, communication/change management and organizational structure. To accomplish the objective, the paper addressed the efficacy and suitability of e-leadership in many of today’s industries.

Enhancing Flat Plate Heat Convection Using A Pair Of Winglets – The Effect Of Transverse Spacing, Siddharth Koushik Mohanakrishnan

Major Papers

We can manipulate the prevailing atmospheric wind to enhance the convective cooling of a solar photovoltaic panel and thus its energy conversion efficiency. The transverse spacing (D) of a delta winglet pair was examined for its role in convective heat transfer enhancement. A pair of winglets with an inclination angle of 90° and chord/height (c/h) ratio of 2 was positioned at an attack angle of 30° with respect to incoming wind at a Reynolds number, based on the winglet height, of 6300. The transverse distance, D, was varied from 0 to 3h in 1 …

Public Restrooms And Queueing, Xintong Chen

Major Papers

In this research, we consider using unisex restrooms to replace the traditional separate restrooms for males and females. In detail, we will consider that people use restrooms at different rates for different types of service (I and II), and the two types of facilities in the male restroom will be differentiated. We perform analysis using queueing theory and specifically matrix analytic methods. We also use computer software for simulations. Through numerical examples, we compare the waiting probabilities of males and females under the two different restroom systems.

The Impact Of Local Government Action On Climate Change : The City Of Athens And The Town Of Tecumseh, Jesse Antwi-Kusi

Major Papers

Climate change is undoubtedly one of the biggest environmental threats of the twenty-first century. Recent developments have shown that we are highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is predicted to have harmful, and permanent consequences on the planet and the entire environment. Yet federal and national governments around the world are struggling to formulate policy initiatives to slow down or become resilient against the changes in the climate. The research goal of this paper is to understand the impact of local governments/municipalities on climate change and why their inclusion in the conversation on climate change response is important. Local …

Seniors Active Living Centers: Promoting Quality Of Life Through Active Living For Long-Term Care Residents In Ontario, Shahd Ghunim Ma

Major Papers

This paper demonstrates ideas and initiatives that seek to prove how a Seniors Active Living Center model can take part in ending the long-term care crisis in Ontario in parallel to long-term care facilities. Seniors who are 65 years and older are the fastest growing age group in Ontario, and with such a big number of older adults in need of health care, more pressure is reflected on Ontario’s economy to provide them the proper care that they need; this in turn has led to the long-term care crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by ageism, alleged abuse and mistreatment of …

Interracial Marriage In North America: A Case Study Of Interracial Relationships In Chatham-Ontario 1901-1921, Marsaydees Ferrell

Major Papers

This study investigates the practice and frequency of marriages amongst bi-racial couples in Chatham, Ontario between the years of 1901-1921. With the use of census, birth, marriage records, and oral interviews this study both highlights and analyzes the population density and settlement patterns of bi-racial couples settling in the Chatham area. This study emphasizes how external factors affected the population size and settlement patterns of these families. It also finds a gradual shift away from the use of terms indicating mixed-race heritage such as “mulatto” suggesting a hardening of racial lines. This gradual shift reflects power relations in regard to …