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Implementing Nims: Lessons Learned From The Boston Marathon Bombing, James M. Duggan, John Petrozzelli, Jay Slattery
Implementing Nims: Lessons Learned From The Boston Marathon Bombing, James M. Duggan, John Petrozzelli, Jay Slattery
Journal of Strategic Security
Many opportunities to learn from the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing have not been capitalized on. The terrorist attack was launched in the heart of Boston, a densely populated urban area with a population of approximately 670,000. Those numbers are amplified by the hundreds of thousands of spectators that line the streets along the Marathon route, with most at the finish line on Boylston Street. Two pressure cooker bombs were detonated in the finish line area, killing three and injuring 264. Among the injured were 16 who suffered traumatic amputations. Numerous reviews of the response and investigation identified positive aspects to …
Terrorism, Democracy And Human Security: A Communication Model. By Ronald Crelinsten. Abingdon, Routledge, 2021., Maximiliano E. Korstanje Phd
Terrorism, Democracy And Human Security: A Communication Model. By Ronald Crelinsten. Abingdon, Routledge, 2021., Maximiliano E. Korstanje Phd
Journal of Strategic Security
No abstract provided.
Terrorism, Gender, And Women: Toward An Integrated Research Agenda. Edited By Alexandra Phelan. New York: Routledge, 2021., Deborah A. Sibila, Ph.D.
Terrorism, Gender, And Women: Toward An Integrated Research Agenda. Edited By Alexandra Phelan. New York: Routledge, 2021., Deborah A. Sibila, Ph.D.
Journal of Strategic Security
No abstract provided.
The Validity Of The Assessment And Treatment Of Radicalization Scale: A Psychometric Instrument For Measuring Severity Of Extremist Muslim Beliefs, Yusef Karimi, Adarsh Kholi, Ann-Mari Hesselink, Johan Prinsloo, Stella Bhawanie, José M Andreu, Adekunle G. Ahmed, Wagdy Loza, Alexandra Cimbura
The Validity Of The Assessment And Treatment Of Radicalization Scale: A Psychometric Instrument For Measuring Severity Of Extremist Muslim Beliefs, Yusef Karimi, Adarsh Kholi, Ann-Mari Hesselink, Johan Prinsloo, Stella Bhawanie, José M Andreu, Adekunle G. Ahmed, Wagdy Loza, Alexandra Cimbura
Journal of Strategic Security
The Assessment and Treatment of Radicalization Scale (ATRS) is designed to quantitatively measure Muslim extremists’ ideologies regarding risk areas that are reported in the literature. Utilizing the scale, in this study, using a convenience sample of 1769 from 10 countries (Australia, Canada, Egypt, India, Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Spain, and South Africa) responded to the ATRS. Results supported previous findings about the reliability and validity of the Assessment and Treatment of Radicalization Scale (ATRS, formerly known as Belief Diversity Scale BDS, Loza, 2007) for assessing Muslim extremists. Suggested cut off scores to use for identifying possible extremists are provided.
Halting Boko Haram / Islamic State's West Africa Province Propaganda In Cyberspace With Cybersecurity Technologies, Sunday O. Ogunlana
Halting Boko Haram / Islamic State's West Africa Province Propaganda In Cyberspace With Cybersecurity Technologies, Sunday O. Ogunlana
Journal of Strategic Security
Terrorists use cyberspace and social media technology to create fear and spread violent ideologies, which pose a significant threat to public security. Researchers have documented the importance of the application of law and regulation in dealing with the criminal activities in cyberspace. Using routine activity theory, this article assessed the effectiveness of technological approaches to mitigating the expansion and organization of terrorism in cyberspace. Data collection included open-source documents, government threat assessments, legislation, policy papers, and peer-reviewed academic literature and semistructured interviews with fifteen security experts in Nigeria. The key findings were that the new generation of terrorists who are …
Profiling Lone-Actor Terrorists: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Lone-Actor Terrorists In Western Europe (2015–2016), Mohammadmoein Khazaeli Jah, Ardavan Khoshnood
Profiling Lone-Actor Terrorists: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Lone-Actor Terrorists In Western Europe (2015–2016), Mohammadmoein Khazaeli Jah, Ardavan Khoshnood
Journal of Strategic Security
Lone-actor terrorism is a growing threat in Western European countries as the numbers of lone-actor terrorist attacks have multiplied over the last 15 years. However, knowledge on this type of terrorism is insufficient. This current study evaluates whether there are any common personal, social, psychological, and operational characteristics among lone-actor terrorists (LATs) and whether any profile can be drawn in regard to a lone-actor terrorist. The authors identified 36 LATs between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, in Western European countries through the Global Terrorism Database. The study profiled these LATs regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, attack characteristics, method of …
British And Lebanese Prisons: Are They Fertile Breeding Ground For Terrorism?, Salim Yaacoub
British And Lebanese Prisons: Are They Fertile Breeding Ground For Terrorism?, Salim Yaacoub
Journal of Strategic Security
Within an antagonistic atmosphere, radicalism becomes an attractive path for young Muslim inmates who feel disaffected. This is especially the case for those who are easily manipulated emotionally, due to being separated from friends and family. Radicalism makes them feel like they are in the “right” place. This article contrasts the radicalization processes occurring within United Kingdom prisons with those occurring in Lebanese prisons. Prisons are frequently designated as the “hotbeds” of radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism, but in the United Kingdom, they are seen more as “homegrown” terrorist plots. Focusing solely on security is insufficient to prevent radicalization. Instead, …
The 2016 ‘Lone Wolf’ Tsunami - Is Rapoport’S ‘Religious Wave’ Ending?, Martin J. Gallagher
The 2016 ‘Lone Wolf’ Tsunami - Is Rapoport’S ‘Religious Wave’ Ending?, Martin J. Gallagher
Journal of Strategic Security
This article considers recent developments across the western world in the lethality of lone wolf terrorists during 2016 against the contextual framework of Rapoport’s theory regarding the existence of waves of terrorism, mirroring current extreme political and social situations. It highlights the similarities in terms of world conditions coupled to modus operandi that existed during the first wave of terrorism, the Anarchist wave, and currently, while highlighting recent increased lethality. The paper illustrates that current lone wolf behaviours, and the decreasing ‘Religiosity’ of fourth wave participants indicate that the wave’s breakwater may have been reached. A discussion of the role …
Defeating Isis On The Battle Ground As Well As In The Online Battle Space: Considerations Of The “New Normal” And Available Online Weapons In The Struggle Ahead, Anne Speckhard, Ph.D., Ardian Shajkovci, Ph.D., Ahmet S. Yayla, Ph.D.
Defeating Isis On The Battle Ground As Well As In The Online Battle Space: Considerations Of The “New Normal” And Available Online Weapons In The Struggle Ahead, Anne Speckhard, Ph.D., Ardian Shajkovci, Ph.D., Ahmet S. Yayla, Ph.D.
Journal of Strategic Security
The United States and its allies continue to achieve significant military victories against ISIS (otherwise known as ISIL or the “Islamic State”). The loss of territories resulting from military victories is especially important given that ISIS relies in part on recruits from the territories it controls. Efforts have also been directed at killing the group’s core leadership; stemming the flow of foreign fighters to Iraq and Syria through tightening up border security and surveillance; and targeting militant jihadi narratives and propaganda that is pushed out by ISIS on a twenty-four/seven basis via the Internet and social media platforms. In such …
Latent Memories Of Terror: Media Perceptions Of The Woolwich Attack, Logan Stickel
Latent Memories Of Terror: Media Perceptions Of The Woolwich Attack, Logan Stickel
Journal of Strategic Security
The Woolwich Attack of 2013 remains a distinctive case of lone wolf terrorism in terms of its hyper violent theatricalization and symbolic presentation of user-generated content. Although being described as having a paradigmic effect on the way terrorism is viewed and presented, its relationship to traditional media is under examined. To understand the perceptive impact, an exploratory qualitative research project was designed to gauge public views in terms of event presentation by media modality. Primary data was collected through interviews upon a theoretical sampling of fifteen Londoners and interpreted using a framework analysis technique. Results indicated that the main mode …
Explaining Violent Extremism For Subgroups By Gender And Immigrant Background, Using Sat As A Framework, Nele Schils, Lieven Pauwels
Explaining Violent Extremism For Subgroups By Gender And Immigrant Background, Using Sat As A Framework, Nele Schils, Lieven Pauwels
Journal of Strategic Security
The principal object of this paper is to study the effects of extremist propensity, exposure to extremist moral settings and their interaction effect on political violence in sub groups by gender and immigrant background. The situational action theory, as outlined by Wikström is used as a framework. Although previous studies have found empirical evidence for this interaction effect in the light of general offending, no study so far has applied SAT to the study of violent extremism. In doing so, we will also address the stability of the interaction effect by gender and immigrant background. The present study is based …
Homegrown Muslim Extremism In The Netherlands: An Exploratory Note, Maria M. Komen
Homegrown Muslim Extremism In The Netherlands: An Exploratory Note, Maria M. Komen
Journal of Strategic Security
In his Widening Circles of Disidentification the Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan argues that enmity and violent conflicts occur most frequently among groups that resemble one another, in transitional phases in which the social differences between these groups are growing smaller. This paper sets out to explore this thesis, in relation to the recent tensions in the Netherlands generated by a trend towards radicalization among second-generation Moroccan youth. Another relevant point that is discussed is the way some ethnic minority juveniles are socialised and integrated in Dutch society. Political radicalism among young Moroccans in the Netherlands seems to be promoted …
Efficacy Of Modified Cognitive Interviewing, Compared To Human Judgments In Detecting Deception Related To Bio-Threat Activities, Charles A. Morgan Dr., Yaron G. Rabinowitz Dr., Deborah Hilts, Craig E. Weller, Vladimir Coric Dr.
Efficacy Of Modified Cognitive Interviewing, Compared To Human Judgments In Detecting Deception Related To Bio-Threat Activities, Charles A. Morgan Dr., Yaron G. Rabinowitz Dr., Deborah Hilts, Craig E. Weller, Vladimir Coric Dr.
Journal of Strategic Security
National security professionals have few scientifically valid methods for detecting deception in people who deny being involved in illicit activities relevant to national security. Numerous detecting deception studies have demonstrated that the Modified Cognitive Interviewing (MCI) method is one such method - yielding detecting deception rates (i.e. 80-85%) that are significantly above those achieved by chance (i.e. 50%) or by human judgments (i.e. 54-56%). To date, however, no MCI studies have involved dilemmas of ethological interest to national security professionals. This project begins to address this gap in the scientific literature. In it, we compared the efficacy of MCI to …
Radicalization And The Use Of Social Media, Robin L. Thompson
Radicalization And The Use Of Social Media, Robin L. Thompson
Journal of Strategic Security
The use of social media tools by individuals and organizations to radicalize individuals for political and social change has become increasingly popular as the Internet penetrates more of the world and mobile computing devices are more accessible. To establish a construct for radicalization,the power and reach of social media will be described so there is common understanding of what social media is and how it is utilized by various individuals and groups. The second section will answer the question of why social media applications are the perfect platform for the radical voice. Finally, the use of social media and its …