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Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Proceedings Of The Fifty-Seventh Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, Held At Cedar Rapids April 15, 1944: Minutes Of The 1944 Meeting
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
The Survey Courses In Science, C. W. Lantz
The Survey Courses In Science, C. W. Lantz
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
What should be the nature of the beginning courses in science in our colleges? There has been much criticism directed at these courses. The criticism is usually to the effect that they are too technical and are planned to meet the needs of those who are going to be specialists in some field of science whereas relatively few will continue in a particular field of science. The courses are said to be unrelated to everyday life, whereas what is needed are courses that will give an understanding and an appreciation of modern science as it applies to everyday life in …
Microclimatic Differences In Minimum Temperature And Variations In Frost Injury To Hillculture Plants, J. M. Aikman, G. L. Brackett
Microclimatic Differences In Minimum Temperature And Variations In Frost Injury To Hillculture Plants, J. M. Aikman, G. L. Brackett
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Quantitative investigations of climatic factors in the immediate habitat of both native and cultivated plants in the field and of the effect of these factors on the growth of the plants have proved that climatic factors may vary sufficiently within relatively narrow limits in space to produce significant variations in the development of plants. These contributions have had an important influence on the growth of the concept of microclimate and on the recent interest and research in this field. At present there is urgent need of information on the determination of the size of microclimatic areas and of the critical …
Tannin Production From Native Species Of Sumac, Ivan L. Boyd
Tannin Production From Native Species Of Sumac, Ivan L. Boyd
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
An investigation was conducted over a period of five years to test the hillculture crop value of various Iowa sumacs as erosion control and economic, tannin-producing plants. The latter phase included the study of the quality and quantity of tannin produced by comparing the species, analyzing the parts of the plants, interpreting the factors affecting the "yield and conducting an experimental harvesting and processing project at the Hillculture Experimental Station near Floris, Iowa. Four species of sumac growing in Iowa were chosen for observation and possible investigation. These species were Rhus aromatica Ait., fragrant or aromatic sumac, Rhus copallina L., …
Ultra-Violet Irradiation Of Spores Of Certain Molds Collected From Bread, D. B. Conklin
Ultra-Violet Irradiation Of Spores Of Certain Molds Collected From Bread, D. B. Conklin
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Since the discovery of the anti-biotic effects of the blue-violet end of the spectrum, (Ward, 1894) this light has been widely applied to practical advantage. The bactericidal properties of these rays have been extensively utilized in the sterilization of air. Fulton (1929), Welch (1930), Luyet (1932), Duggar and Dimond (1940), and others, have shown the deleterious effect of ultra-violet light on certain fungal spores. Problems of food spoilage due to contamination with common molds have recently become more significant than heretofore. Spoilage of bakery products has become especially serious due to delays in deliveries and prolonged storage occasioned by curtailment …
Illustrations Of The Fleshy Fungi Of Iowa Vi. Fleshy Poroid Forms, Joseph C. Gilman
Illustrations Of The Fleshy Fungi Of Iowa Vi. Fleshy Poroid Forms, Joseph C. Gilman
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The fleshy poroid fungi which are illustrated in this paper are found in two of the families of the larger fungi, the Polyporaceae and the Boletaceae. Both families contain so many species that a comprehensive treatment of either could not be undertaken in the space available for this series of illustrations. Therefore only five very conspicuous and common species are presented.
Changes In The Germination Of Red Clover Seed In Storage, John N. Martin
Changes In The Germination Of Red Clover Seed In Storage, John N. Martin
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Much of the red clover seed grown in the United States is cleaned and its germination and purity determined soon after it is harvested. The results of these tests are usually accepted as being descriptive of the quality of the seed at seeding time the following spring and frequently over a much longer period of storage.
Verbascum Phlomoides L. And V. Lychnitis L. In Iowa, Robert C. Miller
Verbascum Phlomoides L. And V. Lychnitis L. In Iowa, Robert C. Miller
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Verbascum phlomoides L. does not appear on Cratty's list (1933) of the Iowa flora. Rydberg (1932) mentions Iowa as one of the states in which it is found, stating that its habitats are "waste places." Somes (1913), in his "'Notes on the Flora of Johnson County, Iowa" claims that it is, "Rare but established at Iowa City and Hill's Sidings." There are five specimens of V. phlomoides in the herbarium of the State University of Iowa. Shimek collected and identified three of them in Iowa City. He found two specimens in "Black's pasture west of City Park" on July 7, …
Paspalum In Iowa, Margaret Murley
Paspalum In Iowa, Margaret Murley
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A single entity in the genus Paspalum is known to be native to Iowa. With one exception, the Iowa specimens in the herbaria of Iowa State College and the University of Iowa are from the eastern half of the state. The material is from the following ten counties: Allamakee, Clayton, Clinton, Johnson, Muscatine, Louisa, Lee, Davis, Monroe and Harrison (Fig. 1). These collections have been made at varying intervals from 1875 to 1943. From the descriptive labels such as "a sandy river terrace," "Big Sand Mound, Muscatine Island," "sandy fields," the habitat is one of dry sandy situations. Future collecting …
A Seed Key To Fourteen Species Of Geraniaceae, Margaret Murley
A Seed Key To Fourteen Species Of Geraniaceae, Margaret Murley
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
A program of seed identification by keys has been initiated in the Iowa State College Seed laboratory. The recognition of external structural characteristics of seeds is of primary importance to the seed analyst who has no material to serve as a basis of classification and identification other than seeds or fruits. Descriptions of features that aid in placing a seed in its family, genus, or species are of value not only for the seed analyst but for the taxonomic botanist as well. The Geraniaceae has been chosen for a beginning in this investigation. Fernald (1935) working on the annual and …
Relation Of Molds To The Deterioration Of Corn In Storage, A Review, G. Semeniuk, J. C. Gilman
Relation Of Molds To The Deterioration Of Corn In Storage, A Review, G. Semeniuk, J. C. Gilman
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The pre-war developments in the growing, harvesting, and marketing of corn in the United States necessitated a carry-over of large corn surpluses from one year to the next as a means of price and supply stabilization. Iowa, alone, had a carry-over of corn greater than all the other corn producing states together. Much of this corn was government owned and stored in large quantities in shelled form for indefinite periods in elevators and specially constructed steel bins. The unprecedented nature of this venture and the likelihood of its return prompted an evaluation of the problems in corn deterioration. The present …
Modification Of Blood By Zeolites For Transfusion Purposes, Walter J. Sweet, O. R. Sweeney
Modification Of Blood By Zeolites For Transfusion Purposes, Walter J. Sweet, O. R. Sweeney
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Richard Lower made the first blood transfusion in 1665, but the wide use of the technique in medicine is quite recent. One of the difficulties lay in the coagulation of the blood during the transfer. Accordingly, the blood is generally treated with sodium citrate to prevent this. It is known that calcium in the blood has something to do with the coagulation and probably with the agglutination. It was decided to study blood from which the calcium had been removed. To remove the calcium we adopted the principle used in removing calcium from hard water, that is, passing· it over …
A Polarographic Study Of Acetphenone And Benzalacetone, Futoshi Takazawa, Lothrop Smith
A Polarographic Study Of Acetphenone And Benzalacetone, Futoshi Takazawa, Lothrop Smith
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
One of the advantages of polarographic analysis is that, when a mixture of two or more substances is electrolyzed at a dropping electrode in the presence of an excess of supporting electrolyte, each substance will produce its own wave at a characteristic potential and the height of the wave will be proportional to its concentration. However, in the absence of a supporting electrolyte, the wave height for cations being reduced at the dropping electrode is dependent on the presence of another reducible substance. Heyrovsky and Bures (1), (2) first demonstrated that the limiting currents of potassium and sodium ions are …
Extraction Of Soybean Oil With Various Solvents, L K. Arnold
Extraction Of Soybean Oil With Various Solvents, L K. Arnold
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Volatile solvents for soybean oil have, from the standpoint of the -soybean processor, two uses: in the laboratory in the determination of the oil content of the beans and in solvent types of oil extraction plants for the removal of the oil.
A Design For Sampling Iowa Families, Bernice Brown
A Design For Sampling Iowa Families, Bernice Brown
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The sampling design described in this paper is one which was devised for a survey on Canning and Gardening in Iowa. This survey was initiated by the State Nutrition Council and M. L. Wilson, Director of Extension, United States Department of Agriculture. The sample was designed by the Statistical Laboratory and the investigation conducted by the Extension Service, Iowa State College. The purpose of the survey was to make estimates of 1. Number of quarts of food canned, frozen, and stored by Iowa families; 2. Number and size of 1943 gardens and plans for 1944; 3. The amount of food …
A Mechanical Calculator To Solve The Equation X = [(D+Z+C) .Y / (B+Y)]-C, Zaboj V. Harvalik
A Mechanical Calculator To Solve The Equation X = [(D+Z+C) .Y / (B+Y)]-C, Zaboj V. Harvalik
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Mechanical calculators based upon equations that can be interpreted in terms of plane or spherical geometry are easily to construct and to operate. They mostly are precise enough for practical applications. The time of adjustment and calculation is very short, and therefore this kind of device will be welcome whenever time plays an important role.
A Simple Demonstration Of The Maximum Density Of Water, Grant O. Gale
A Simple Demonstration Of The Maximum Density Of Water, Grant O. Gale
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The usual Hope apparatus was used with thermo-junctions of iron and constantan replacing the thermometers. The advantage of this method over thermometers is apparent for demonstration purposes as the students can actually watch the temperature change by observing the deflection of a reflecting type galvanometer.
The Mechanism Of Gravitational Force, E. E. Watson
The Mechanism Of Gravitational Force, E. E. Watson
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Although it has been known since the time of Newton, nearly three centuries ago, that bodies attract each other according to the law of inverse-squares, no explanation as to how gravitation operates has been accepted. However with our present knowledge of matter it would seem that some explanation should be possible. Keeping in mind Newton's first law of motion, namely, "Everybody continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to alter that state by impressed force", let us consider for the purpose of illustration an atom within the motion is that produced …
An Empirical Study Of Superstitions And Unfounded Beliefs, Agnes F. Belanger
An Empirical Study Of Superstitions And Unfounded Beliefs, Agnes F. Belanger
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Because behavior is influenced to some extent by intelligence, (1) and by feelings which are affected by beliefs (2) this study was made to determine the relationship existing between intelligence, grades in psychology and superstition as measured by a test.
A Study Of The Improvement Of Reading Rate And Comprehension, Louise Brown, A. R. Lauer, Edith Uhl
A Study Of The Improvement Of Reading Rate And Comprehension, Louise Brown, A. R. Lauer, Edith Uhl
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
Most studies of reading have dealt with one or the other of two factors involved: (a) speed and (b.) comprehension. The psychological act of obtaining meaning from the printed page is very involved, as in any process of symbolic interpretation. It is here contended that either of the two factors cited is in itself inadequate and that they must be combined to give a meaningful index of accomplishment. Such a concept is herein described as the reading efficiency index and is obtained by multiplying the rate in words per minute by the comprehension calculated in per cent. It compares favorably …
The Correlation Of Reading Rate With Intelligence Scores Of Grade School Children After Training In Phonics, Lester N. Gill, Myrtle Paine Gill
The Correlation Of Reading Rate With Intelligence Scores Of Grade School Children After Training In Phonics, Lester N. Gill, Myrtle Paine Gill
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
It is generally conceded that one learns more through the use of the eyes than through any of the other sense organs. Much of this visual learning is the result of reading. The present study was undertaken to try to determine if special training in phonics would improve reading ability, since there has been some difference of opinion concerning the value of phonics as an aid in teaching reading.
Scholastic Progress Of Students Entering The Iowa State College With Low High School Averages, John L. Holmes
Scholastic Progress Of Students Entering The Iowa State College With Low High School Averages, John L. Holmes
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In the fall quarters of 1939 and 1940 students entering the Iowa State College directly from high school with averages below 1.5l1 were grouped together in a "pre-admission guidance" program. In the two years considered, ninety-six students with high school averages below 1.51 entered the Iowa State College. The program was the same for both years. The students included in the program were asked to be on the campus two days before regular freshman week began. During these two days they were given tests of scholastic ability, silent reading skills, English and mathematics achievement. Fall quarter class schedules were made …
Present Status And Outlook Of Conservation In Iowa: State Parks And Preserves; Birds And Mammals; Fisheries; Antiquities; Water Supply; Forests; Soil And Water Conservation: Report Of The Conservation Committee Of The Iowa Academy Of Science
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
In Memoriam: Elmer Darwin Ball; James B. Craney; George Frederick Kay; Frank Leverett; Benjamin Leroy Miller; Herman A. Mueller; Olaf Martin Oleson; Lemuel Charles Raiford; Henry Lewis Rietz; Althea Rosina Sherman; James Timothy Whiting, Carl J. Drake, John A. Theobald, A. C. Trowbridge, A. H. Fretz, Robert B. Wylie, Ada Hayden, Perry A. Bond
In Memoriam: Elmer Darwin Ball; James B. Craney; George Frederick Kay; Frank Leverett; Benjamin Leroy Miller; Herman A. Mueller; Olaf Martin Oleson; Lemuel Charles Raiford; Henry Lewis Rietz; Althea Rosina Sherman; James Timothy Whiting, Carl J. Drake, John A. Theobald, A. C. Trowbridge, A. H. Fretz, Robert B. Wylie, Ada Hayden, Perry A. Bond
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Presidential Address: Mathematical Combinations Which Correspond To Physical Impossibilities, E. R. Smith
Presidential Address: Mathematical Combinations Which Correspond To Physical Impossibilities, E. R. Smith
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In speaking to you as a representative from the Mathematical Section of the Academy, I have a feeling of hesitance which is quite usual among mathematicians when they address a mixed or non-mathematical group of scientific men and women. It is a well established tradition that scientists may complacently separate themselves from mathematics and it is equally true that mathematicians are timid about discussing their work with scientists outside their own circle. On the one hand the scientist tends to avoid abstraction, and on the other hand the mathematician does not seek reality. It was this feeling of Separation that …
The Iowa Academy Of Science In Relation To Its Contributions To The Welfare Of The Commonwealth Of The State And Nation, J. N. Martin
The Iowa Academy Of Science In Relation To Its Contributions To The Welfare Of The Commonwealth Of The State And Nation, J. N. Martin
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
State Academies have seemingly had their greatest success in the Central-Western states. In these states the more isolated conditions of the scientific workers made the need for such organizations keenly felt. But, important as the academies have been in broadening and shaping the scientific views and attitudes of their members and in stimulating the scientific endeavors of its members and others within the scope of their influence, they quite early in their history took on another function of great importance. They soon began to serve in advisory capacities on various scientific problems concerning the welfare of the state and even …
The Structure And Function Of The Border Parenchyma And Vein-Ribs Of Certain Dicotylendon Leaves, Richard R. Armacost
The Structure And Function Of The Border Parenchyma And Vein-Ribs Of Certain Dicotylendon Leaves, Richard R. Armacost
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
The border parenchyma has long been recognized as a structural constant in the many kinds of angiosperm leaves. As an unbroken sheath it invests all minor veins and is an intermediary between the conductive channels and the mesophyll. Though the presence of the border parenchyma has long been known, references to it have been casual and its significance has not been adequately appreciated. The uniform presence of this sheath in an organ marked by economy of tissue has invited this attempt to evaluate its place in the foliage leaf as a whole. Schubert (24) discussed the structure of the border …
Use Of A Constant-Temperature Water Bath As A Culture Chamber, James H. Craft
Use Of A Constant-Temperature Water Bath As A Culture Chamber, James H. Craft
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
In the course of experiments done at the State University of Iowa on excised leaves of Bryophyllum calycinum a need arose for a culture chamber in which light, temperature, and humidity could be controlled simultaneously. The chamber described below met these requirements. It is capable of providing a wide range of environments which should make it useful in the culture of bacteria or other microorganisms and it might be substituted for equipment currently unobtainable. Dimensions given here may be modified as necessary.