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Closure Operations On The Submonoids Of The Natural Numbers, Laurie Price
Closure Operations On The Submonoids Of The Natural Numbers, Laurie Price
Mathematics & Statistics ETDs
We examine the algebraic structure of closure, semiprime and prime operations on submonoids of natural numbers. We find that the closure operations under composition do not form a submonoid under composition. We also describe all the semiprime operations on natural numbers and show that they are a submonoid. We investigate the relations among the semiprime operations on ideals of the sub- semi-group (2, 3) and define which of these operations may form a monoid or a left act under composition. We also consider the algebraic structure of monoids with multiple maximal ideals and generalize these results to higher dimensions.
What Is The Outlook For Paraguay's Electricity Sector?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
What Is The Outlook For Paraguay's Electricity Sector?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo has pledged to guarantee energy sovereignty for the country, claiming that its complicated energy sharing agreements with Brazil and Argentina are unfair. Paraguay is seeking to export excess power to Uruguay, an important source of revenue, but says that Argentine officials have made unreasonable demands. Are the energy sharing agreements unfair and if so, what changes should be made? How successful has Lugo been in negotiating ""energy sovereignty"" for Paraguay? Is the dispute with Argentina likely to be resolved soon and allow Paraguay to export energy to Uruguay?
What Is The Fate Of Chile's Hidroaysén Project?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
What Is The Fate Of Chile's Hidroaysén Project?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
A court ruling in Chile on June 20 suspended the controversial HidroAysén project, a proposed plan to dam two rivers and build five hydroelectric plants in Patagonia, The New York Times reported. While environmental groups hope that the ruling is the first step in canceling the dams, a lawyer for the project told local newspaper La Tercera that the ruling was ""purely formal"" and made no decision about the complex's legality. Does Chile's booming demand for energy outweigh the detriments of the project, as the government has claimed? Are there adequate alternatives to supply the necessary power for the country's …
Cubas Oil Plans Gather Speed With Foreign Aid Causing U.S. Concern', Daniel Vázquez
Cubas Oil Plans Gather Speed With Foreign Aid Causing U.S. Concern', Daniel Vázquez
NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America
Cuba is accelerating its oil-sector investments to increase its production, triple its refining capacity, and tap potential reserves in its exclusive economic zone in the Gulf of Mexico through a strategy that is attracting foreign companies and motivating environmental as well as political concerns in the US.This year, the island will produce about 28 million barrels of oil. Cuba generated 21.4 million barrels in 2010, which in addition to natural gas represents 46% of its energy consumption. Oil supplied by Caracas, Havanas main political and economic ally, meets the rest of the country's needs. Cuba will start drilling exploratory wells …
State-Run Oil Company Pemex Announces Discovery Of 'Significant' Natural-Gas Reserve In Deep Waters Of Gulf Of Mexico, Carlos Navarro
State-Run Oil Company Pemex Announces Discovery Of 'Significant' Natural-Gas Reserve In Deep Waters Of Gulf Of Mexico, Carlos Navarro
NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America
In late May, the state-run oil company PEMEX announced the discovery of what it considers a "significant" reserve of natural gas in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. While the size of the reserve was impressive, some analysts pointed out that low prices, high extraction costs, and an uncertain global market for natural gas take some of the luster off the discovery.The natural gas was discovered while PEMEX was exploring for new supplies of crude oil at the Piklis-1 well, which, at a depth of 5.4 km, is the deepest that PEMEX has drilled to date. The reserve …
How Well Is Uruguay's Nascent Oil Sector Advancing?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
How Well Is Uruguay's Nascent Oil Sector Advancing?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
Uruguay's state-run oil and gas company, ANCAP, announced last month that it discovered the first traces of underground oil in what may be a ""promising shale deposit,"" according to director Juan Gómez. ANCAP is also preparing to launch a new bidding round for offshore blocks in September and a second round in 2012. Gómez has said the new find and the possibility of offshore oil have attracted significant interest by international investors. How promising is future onshore and offshore development in Uruguay? Does the government have the right regulatory structures in place? What more should it be doing to promote …
Are Conflicts Hampering Per's Energy And Mining Sectors?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Are Conflicts Hampering Per's Energy And Mining Sectors?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
There are currently 200 conflicts over natural resources in Peru, particularly in rural areas where residents complain extractive projects are destroying their lands and that they are unlikely to see many of the economic benefits, Reuters reported May 2, citing Per's human rights office. Those conflicts threaten to derail investments totaling some $40 billion over the next decade, according to the report. Are these tensions likely to crimp Per's energy and mining sectors? Which types of projects face the most strident opposition? How should the next president handle such situations? How would Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori differ in their …
Decree No. 8.097 - Organic Regulation For The Popular Power Ministry Of Electric Energy, Presidente De La República
Decree No. 8.097 - Organic Regulation For The Popular Power Ministry Of Electric Energy, Presidente De La República
Latin American Energy Policies
Determines the organic and funcional structure of the Popular Power Ministry of Electric Energy. Art. 25 states that this Ministry has as one of it's goals the research, creation and implementation of plans for the development of renewable energy resources.
Resolution No. 29 - Natural Gas Prices For The Week Of February 19-25, 2011, Ministerio De Industria Y Comercio, República Dominicana
Resolution No. 29 - Natural Gas Prices For The Week Of February 19-25, 2011, Ministerio De Industria Y Comercio, República Dominicana
Latin American Energy Policies
This document establishes the natural gas prices for the country for the week of February 19-25, 2011. It showcases the legal framework, factors and costs that are considered by the government while setting up the prices.
Will Shale Gas Transform Argentina's Energy Sector?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Will Shale Gas Transform Argentina's Energy Sector?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
In December, Repsol YPF announced a 4.5 trillion cubic feet discovery of shale gas in Argentina's Neuquén Basin. According to the company, the find expands YPF's proven reserves from six years to 16 years. What is the potential to exploit shale gas resources in Argentina? How does the recovery of shale gas differ from traditional oil and gas reserves? What new regulations and rules will Argentina need to adopt as a result of the find? Will the shale gas discovery have a significant effect on the country's domestic capacity and its potential to export energy to neighboring countries? Experts discuss …
President Evo Morales Insists That Lithium Reserves Benefit Bolivians, Andres Gaudin
President Evo Morales Insists That Lithium Reserves Benefit Bolivians, Andres Gaudin
NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America
Historians agree that the pillaging of Bolivia's enormous mineral riches, since the 15th century Spanish colonial period, has been the determinant factor in the country's poverty and dependency. Bolivian President Evo Morales agrees with those assessments and says that what happened during the past five centuries with silver, gold, tin, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, copper, lead, zinc, gas, and iron, among other natural resources, will not happen this time with lithium. "We want to send a clear message to the industrialized countries and their businesses: all investments are welcome, but they should understand that we have learned from history and we …
What Will Be The Impact Of Energy Shortages In Argentina?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
What Will Be The Impact Of Energy Shortages In Argentina?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
A summer heat wave has increased the demand for power in Argentina, prompting energy shortages and a wave of blackouts. The government announced earlier this month that it may fine power companies, including leading supplier Edesur, as well as Edenor and Edelap. How can Argentina better secure its power supply? What impact will the power shortages have on the country's economy and investment climate? Experts discuss what they think about this topic.
Energy Security And Efficiency Enhancement Project - Environmental Management Framework, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
Energy Security And Efficiency Enhancement Project - Environmental Management Framework, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
This project is designed to provide a comprehensive support to the implementation of the Government of Jamaica s energy policy and strategy covering the 2010-2030 period. The goals are to build capacity, to provide international best practices to the government and support its energy cost reduction and diversification efforts through investments in liquefied natural gas, energy efficiency measures, renewable energy investments, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector. This document presents the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) for the Project.
What Will 2011 Bring For Latin America's Energy Sector?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
What Will 2011 Bring For Latin America's Energy Sector?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
The major news stories in Latin America's energy sector last year included the development of Brazil's offshore reserves and Petrobas' record-breaking share sale, the dramatic oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the discovery of Argentina's largest gas find in 35 years, the continued decline in Venezuelan oil production and a significant drop in Bolivia's proven gas reserves. Which stories will make headlines in the Latin American energy sector in 2011? What trends should policy makers and business leaders be on the lookout for? Will the region's energy sector see any surprises? Experts discuss what they think about this topic.
Why The United States And Cuba Collaborate, Jorge Piñon
Why The United States And Cuba Collaborate, Jorge Piñon
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
This article examines Cuba's upcoming oil exploration drilling program. It outlines some of the benefits of collaboration between the United States and Cuba given that the drilling will take place in the Gulf of Mexico. The article recommends an agreement between the two countries similar to the MEXUS Plan (1980) that the United States signed with Mexico.
Petrobras: The Unique Structure Behind Latin America's Best Performing Oil Company, Genaro Arriagada, Chris Cote
Petrobras: The Unique Structure Behind Latin America's Best Performing Oil Company, Genaro Arriagada, Chris Cote
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
This article details the success of Petrobras, the national oil and gas company of Brazil. In particular, it discusses how the company was formed and how it currently operates as both a government corporation and a dividend-paying private company.
Ministerial Resolution No. 572-2010-Mem/Dm - National Plan Of Rural Electrification 2011-2020, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas - Perú
Ministerial Resolution No. 572-2010-Mem/Dm - National Plan Of Rural Electrification 2011-2020, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas - Perú
Latin American Energy Policies
Approves the National Plan of Rural Electrification of Peru for the period 2011-2020 (PNER).
Ministerial Resolution No. 573-2010-Mem/Dm - Short Term Plan For The National Plan Of Rural Electrification, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas - Perú
Ministerial Resolution No. 573-2010-Mem/Dm - Short Term Plan For The National Plan Of Rural Electrification, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas - Perú
Latin American Energy Policies
Approves Per's Short Term Plan for the National Plan of Rural Electrification for the period 2011-2020.
Organic Law Of The Electric System And Service, Presidente De La República
Organic Law Of The Electric System And Service, Presidente De La República
Latin American Energy Policies
Establishes the dispositions that will regulate the electric system and the electric service in the country, as well as the international energy exchange through the activities of generation, transmission, distribution and marketing, according to the National Electric System Development Plan and the Economic and Social Development Plan. Art. 21 states that the National Electric System Development Plan will have as one of it's goal the promotion of the use of renewable, alternative and environmentally friendly energy sources.
National Plan Of Rural Electrification (Pner) 2011-2020, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas
National Plan Of Rural Electrification (Pner) 2011-2020, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
This Plan seeks to supply electricity to towns in rural areas of Peru as means to contribute to their socio-economic development, mitigate poverty, improve their quality of life and deter the migration from the country to the cities. The document outlines ways in which this would be achieved through the formulation of studies that allow the development of renewable energy (hydraulic, solar and wind) and the updating of the designs of the rural electric systems; as well as giving priority to projects based on the use of renewable energy sources; and the formulation of the Renewable Energy Master Plan.
Energy Policy, Consejo Nacional De Energía
Energy Policy, Consejo Nacional De Energía
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
The goals of this policy are the expansion of the electric capacity and coverage, through efficiency, optimization and savings factors; to reduce the dependency on energy produced from oil and its by-products, encouraging renewable energy sources.
Short Term Plan For The National Plan Of Rural Electrification 2011-2020, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas
Short Term Plan For The National Plan Of Rural Electrification 2011-2020, Ministerio De Energía Y Minas
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
This Plan is based on the National Plan of Rural Electrification 2011-2020 and contains the relation of projects located in the rural zones, isolated locations and on the border of the Country that are to be developed.
How Advanced Are Smart Grids In Latin America?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
How Advanced Are Smart Grids In Latin America?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
U.S. President Barack Obama last year announced the largest single energy grid modernization investment in the country's history, valued at some $8 billion. Other nations have similarly prioritized large-scale investments to modernize energy infrastructure by incorporating information and communication technologies to create a ""smart grid"" that uses two-way communications to better coordinate supply and demand, reduce costs and enhance efficiency. How advanced is the build-out of smart grids in Latin America and the Caribbean? What challenges do smart grids face in the region and how do they factor into the overall context of the energy sector? How will regional integration …
Argentina Promises Nuclear Power Surge, Benjamin Witte-Lebhar
Argentina Promises Nuclear Power Surge, Benjamin Witte-Lebhar
NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America
Left for decades on the proverbial back burner, Argentinas once cutting-edge but now very much dusty nuclear power sector is experiencing a real renaissance. For the first time in more than a quarter century, the country is preparing to open a new nuclear power plant, its third : Atucha II. More may be on the way as Argentina looks to ease its dependence on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas. Then a regional pioneer, Argentina opened South America's first nuclear power plant in 1974: the 335 megawatt Atucha I facility. Approximately 115 km northwest of Buenos Aires in the town of …
Resolution 182131 - Natural Gas, El Ministerio De Minas Y Energía, Colombia
Resolution 182131 - Natural Gas, El Ministerio De Minas Y Energía, Colombia
Latin American Energy Policies
This resolution announces a rationing schedule for natural gas and outlines the entities that will be given priority with respect to the use of natural gas.
Promotion Of The Public Participation In Renewable Energy Projects And Strengthening Of The Capacity Of Fonam, Fondo Nacional Del Ambiente
Promotion Of The Public Participation In Renewable Energy Projects And Strengthening Of The Capacity Of Fonam, Fondo Nacional Del Ambiente
Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports
Document shows the present state of renewable energies in Peru, the technologies that have been developed, legal aspects, barriers they face and the possible areas in which they can be developed as a business.
Biofuels Policy 2010-2030, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
Biofuels Policy 2010-2030, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
Latin American Energy Policies
This document presents Jamaica s National Biofuels Policy which is designed to achieve: A modern, efficient, diversified and environmentally sustainable biofuels sector that contributes to Jamaica s long-term energy security and socio-economic development. One of the main goals of this policy is to create innovative and clean technologies facilitating a secure supply of biofuels into local and national distribution systems.
National Policy For The Trading Of Carbon Credits 2010-2030, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
National Policy For The Trading Of Carbon Credits 2010-2030, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
Latin American Energy Policies
This document presents Jamaica s National Policy for the Trading of Carbon Credits which is designed to achieve: A competitive, diversified, efficient and investment-conducive carbon credits trading sector that fosters socio-economic development and induces a less carbon-intensive economy. This policy is an important part of Jamaica s climate change strategy that facilitates reductions in the country s greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint, thereby reducing the country s contribution to this global problem.
National Energy-From-Waste Policy 2010-2030, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
National Energy-From-Waste Policy 2010-2030, Ministry Of Energy And Mining
Latin American Energy Policies
This document presents Jamaica s National Energy-from-Waste Policy which is designed to ensure that: Jamaica is the regional leader in providing affordable and clean energy from waste contributing to a sustainable future. One of the main goals of this policy is that Jamaica builds its energy-from-waste sector on the most appropriate technologies that are environmentally-friendly, producing a clean reliable renewable source of energy.
Does Colombia Have The Right Plan For Oil & Gas Reforms?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
Does Colombia Have The Right Plan For Oil & Gas Reforms?, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin American Energy Advisor
NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America
The administration of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos submitted a constitutional reform proposal to Congress on Aug. 30 that seeks to "more equitably distribute" oil and mining royalties. Amid projections that revenues from those sectors will surge, the proposed reforms would allocate royalties more evenly across regions, rather than the current concentration in oil-producing states, and create a stabilization fund overseen by the central bank. Is the measure likely to pass and, if so, with what changes? What effects would the reform bill have on long-term financial stability? How does Colombia's strategy to manage revenues from natural resources compare to …