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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
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Particle Correlations In Bose-Einstein Condensates, Zhang Jiang
Particle Correlations In Bose-Einstein Condensates, Zhang Jiang
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
The impact of interparticle correlations on the behavior of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs) is discussed using two approaches. In the first approach, the wavefunction of a BEC is encoded in the N-particle sector of an extended "catalytic state''. Going to a time-dependent interaction picture, we can organize the effective Hamiltonian by powers of N -1/2. Requiring the terms of order N1/2 to vanish, we get the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation. Going to the next order, N0, we obtain the number-conserving Bogoliubov approximation. Our approach allows one to stay in the Schrödinger picture and to apply many techniques from quantum …
Topological Code Architectures For Quantum Computation, Christopher Cesare
Topological Code Architectures For Quantum Computation, Christopher Cesare
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
This dissertation is concerned with quantum computation using many-body quantum systems encoded in topological codes. The interest in these topological systems has increased in recent years as devices in the lab begin to reach the fidelities required for performing arbitrarily long quantum algorithms. The most well-studied system, Kitaev's toric code, provides both a physical substrate for performing universal fault-tolerant quantum computations and a useful pedagogical tool for explaining the way other topological codes work. In this dissertation, I first review the necessary formalism for quantum information and quantum stabilizer codes, and then I introduce two families of topological codes: Kitaev's …
Open Systems Dynamics For Propagating Quantum Fields, Ben Baragiola
Open Systems Dynamics For Propagating Quantum Fields, Ben Baragiola
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
In this dissertation, I explore interactions between matter and propagating light. The electromagnetic field is modeled as a Markovian reservoir of quantum harmonic oscillators successively streaming past a quantum system. Each weak and fleeting interaction entangles the light and the system, and the light continues its course. In the context of quantum tomography or metrology one attempts, using measurements of the light, to extract information about the quantum state of the system. An inevitable consequence of these measurements is a disturbance of the systems quantum state. These ideas focus on the system and regard the light as ancillary. It serves …
Accessing Gluon Polarization Through The J/\U03c8 Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry In Polarized Pp Collisions At Phenix, James Aaron Key
Accessing Gluon Polarization Through The J/\U03c8 Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry In Polarized Pp Collisions At Phenix, James Aaron Key
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
To date, the exact distribution of the fundamental property of intrinsic angular momentum, or spin, in the proton amongst its constituents is largely unknown. Through observation of the production of the J/ψ particle in polarized pp collisions at RHIC we are able to further constrain the contribution of the gluon polarization to the total spin polarization of the proton by expanding the global data available into a new kinematic regime.
A Study Of Charge Transport: Correlated Energetic Disorder In Organic Semiconductors, And The Fragment Hamiltonian, Jonathan Allen
A Study Of Charge Transport: Correlated Energetic Disorder In Organic Semiconductors, And The Fragment Hamiltonian, Jonathan Allen
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
This dissertation details work done on two different descriptions of charge transport. The first topic is energetic disorder in organic semiconductors, and its effect on charge transport. This is motivated primarily by solar cells, which can be broadly classified as either inorganic or organic. The inorganic class of solar cells is older, and more well-developed, with the most common type being constructed from crystalline silicon. The large silicon crystals required for these cells are expensive to manufacture, which gave rise to interest in photovoltaic cells made from much less costly organic polymers. These organic materials are also less efficient than …
The Effect Of Dynamical Image Forces On The Transport Properties Of Charge Carriers And Excitons In Metal-Semiconductor Nanostructures, Charles Cherqui
The Effect Of Dynamical Image Forces On The Transport Properties Of Charge Carriers And Excitons In Metal-Semiconductor Nanostructures, Charles Cherqui
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
We examine coupled metal nanoparticle/semiconductor hybrid nano-stuctures and analyze the effect that the surface response metal nanoparticles (MNP) has on the transport properties of the system. This analysis is accomplished by treating surface plasmons as quantum oscillators. We find that charge carriers traveling in the nearby semiconductors experience a repulsion due to the ground state energy of the quantum SP (QSP). This effect is shown to be the quantum analogue of the ponderomotive effect found in plasma physics. We then extend the theory to examine the transport properties of carbon nano-tube excitons in the presence of localized SPs and show …
Evidence For The Heavy Baryon Resonance State Lambda_B^*0 Observed With The Cdf Ii Detector, And Studies Of New Particle Tracking Technologies Using The Lansce Proton Beam, Prabhakar Palni
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
To discover and probe the properties of new particles, we need to collide highly energetic particles. The Tevatron at Fermilab has collided protons and anti-protons at very high energies. These collisions produce short lived and stable particles, some known and some previously unknown. The CDF detector is used to study the products of such collisions and discover new elementary particles. To study the interaction between high energy charged particles and the detector materials often requires development of new instruments. Thus this dissertation involves a measurement at a contemporary experiment and development of technologies for related future experiments that will build …
Discovery Of The Bc(2s) Meson And Development Of Pixel Detectors For Future Particle Collider Experiments, Wang Rui
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
This work involves an analysis of data recorded at the Large Hadron Collider combined with a program to develop detectors for future collider experiments. Using the full 4.9 fb$^{-1}$ of 7 TeV data collected in 2011 and the 19.2 fb$^{-1}$ of 8 TeV data collected in 2012, the $B_c(2S)$ meson has been observed with the ATLAS detector in the hadronic decay mode $B_c(2S)\rightarrow B_c\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$, $B_c\rightarrow J/\psi\pi$. This new state has been found in the mass difference distribution with invariant mass $6845 \pm 7_{stat.} \pm 4_{syst.}$ \MeV. To prepare for the high radiation environment at the High Luminosity LHC, diamond sensors …
Searching For The Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor, Robert Mesler
Searching For The Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor, Robert Mesler
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe, yet relatively little is known about the progenitor that produces them despite more than forty years of study by the astronomical community. The current model of the progenitor is the collapse of a massive star and the ejection of a relativistic jet into a pure stellar wind. In this dissertation, a semi-analytic model is produced to describe the evolution of the GRB jet and the resultant afterglow for an alternative class of binary merger stellar progenitors. It is shown that, in the case of GRB 030329, a single-component, …
Observations And Kinematic Modeling Of Neutral Hydrogen In Spiral Galaxies: Implications For Disk-Halo Flows And Accretion, Laura Zschaechner
Observations And Kinematic Modeling Of Neutral Hydrogen In Spiral Galaxies: Implications For Disk-Halo Flows And Accretion, Laura Zschaechner
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
Recent realizations concerning kinematic measurements of extra-planar layers in nearby galaxies may provide important clues to the origin of such layers and thereby the growth and evolution of galaxy disks. In particular, observations have shown a decrease in rotation speed with height (lags) in the extra-planar layers of multiple galaxies, leading to various models which attempt to understand this gradient in terms of disk-halo flows and accretion of primordial gas. In this thesis we present deep observations and detailed kinematic models of neutral hydrogen (HI) in five nearby, edge-on spiral galaxies (NGC 4244, NGC 4565, NGC 4302, NGC 3044 and …