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United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
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- American White Pelican (6)
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How To Keep Beavers From Plugging Culverts, Dale L. Nolte, Dale H. Arner, John Paulson, Jeanne C. Jones, Andy Trent
How To Keep Beavers From Plugging Culverts, Dale L. Nolte, Dale H. Arner, John Paulson, Jeanne C. Jones, Andy Trent
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Beaver populations increased dramatically during the last half century. Beavers and beaver dams now are found on rivers, streams, and creeks across the country. Although beavers dam streams for their own benefit, the ponds create habitats for birds, fish, and other wildlife. Unfortunately, as road engineers and maintenance crews know, beavers also plug culverts. When culverts are plugged (figure 1), roads can be washed away by flooding. Removing the beavers’ dams usually requires heavy equipment, which is costly. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Missoula Technology and Development Center (MTDC) was asked to investigate methods to solve the …
Faa Names "Excellence In Aviation Research Award" Winners
Faa Names "Excellence In Aviation Research Award" Winners
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
The Federal Aviation Administration is presenting its 2005 Excellence in Aviation Research Awards to Richard Dolbeer, Ph.D., Coordinator of the Aviation Safety and Assistance Program for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Colin Drury, Ph.D., University of Buffalo Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Industrial Engineering at the university, for their work in airport wildlife hazard mitigation and aviation maintenance human factors, respectively.
A Visual Method For Indexing Muskrat Populations, Richard M. Engeman, Desley A. Whisson
A Visual Method For Indexing Muskrat Populations, Richard M. Engeman, Desley A. Whisson
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
The native range for muskrats (Ondatru zibethicus) includes much of North America, but they also have been introduced beyond their native range, including into the Fall River, California, where they have come into conflict with human interests. An easily applied method to assess their abundance is an important need for their management. We developed a muskrat visual index (MVI) to provide the information necessary to address this need. Observations were made at randomly located sites along the river. The number of muskrats observed during a 45 min period was recorded during the late afternoon peak activity time at each …
Genetic And Spatial Structure Within A Swift Fox Population, Ann M. Kitchen, Eric M. Gese, Lisette P. Waits, Seija M. Karki, Edward R. Schauster
Genetic And Spatial Structure Within A Swift Fox Population, Ann M. Kitchen, Eric M. Gese, Lisette P. Waits, Seija M. Karki, Edward R. Schauster
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
1. We incorporated spatial data on swift foxes (Vulpes velox) with genetic analysis to assess the influence of relatedness between individuals on their social and spatial ecology. We recorded the space use patterns of 188 radio-collared swift foxes in southeastern Colorado from January 1997 to December 2000. One hundred and sixty-seven foxes were also genotyped at 11 microsatellite DNA loci and the degree of relatedness between individuals was estimated. 2. We described the genetic structure of the population by examining the relatedness of neighbors and the relationship between the spatial and genetic distance of all individuals. We found …
Normal Hematologic And Biochemical Values For Prelaying Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) And Their Influence On Chick Survival, Mike R. Dunbar, Michael A. Gregg, John A. Crawford, Mark R. Giordano, Susan J. Tornquist
Normal Hematologic And Biochemical Values For Prelaying Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) And Their Influence On Chick Survival, Mike R. Dunbar, Michael A. Gregg, John A. Crawford, Mark R. Giordano, Susan J. Tornquist
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Declines in greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) productivity and population numbers throughout their range demand a better understanding of how nutrition influences sage grouse populations. During March and April 1999–2001, blood samples were collected from 158 female (73 adult, 85 yearling), free-ranging, prelaying, greater sage grouse from an area in northwestern Nevada, USA, and southeastern Oregon, USA. These blood samples were evaluated to establish normal blood values for sage grouse and ascertain if certain blood parameters, as indices of nutrition, are useful for predicting if sage grouse hens would raise at least one chick to 1 August. Results of logistic …
Lines Of Defense: Coping With Predators In The Rocky Mountain Region, Eric M. Gese, Sean P. Keenan, Ann M. Kitchen
Lines Of Defense: Coping With Predators In The Rocky Mountain Region, Eric M. Gese, Sean P. Keenan, Ann M. Kitchen
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
This sourcebook provides information useful to producers of all types of livestock in the Rocky Mountain States. The applicability of this information to specific livestock operations will depend upon the characteristics of the operation and the willingness and ability of producers to experiment with various techniques and procedures. Most producers will have experience with some methods of preventing losses to predators. Information in this booklet may provide new insights or sources of information for learning more about methods of depredation management. The booklet also includes information about techniques others are using, and provides opportunities for producers to contact people willing …
Aerial Mass Color - Marking Of Blackbird Roosts, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz
Aerial Mass Color - Marking Of Blackbird Roosts, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
We use mass color-marhng to track the local and regional movements of large roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae). Several marhngs have been done by National Wildlife Research Center scientists, including marhng of spring roosts in northeastern Missouri and eastern South Dakota (Knittle et al. 1987, Knittle et al. 1996, Homan et al. 2004), fall roosts in central North Dakota (Linz et al. 1991, Homan et al. 2005), and winter roosts in the southern U.S. (Harsch 1995). Here, we provide a description of the process and methodology of aerial mass color-marhng with fluorescent particles.
Capsicum Oleoresin: Development Of An In-Soil Repellent For Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner, Stephen A. Shumacke, Stanley E. Gaddis, Jean B. Bourassa
Capsicum Oleoresin: Development Of An In-Soil Repellent For Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner, Stephen A. Shumacke, Stanley E. Gaddis, Jean B. Bourassa
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
A pre- and post-monitoring study was conducted of the potential use of capsicum oleoresin as an in-soil repellent for northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Pocket gophers were captured in irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), affixed with radio transmitters, and monitored daily for location. Six plots (4.87 × 4.87m) each were randomly assigned to capsicum oleoresin and soybean oil treatments; these were set up based upon the centers of initial core areas of gophers. Mean (±SD) volumes of capsicum oleoresin and water and soybean oil and water mixtures (10 + 90 by volume) dispensed onto plots equaled 178.5 (±4.7) and 175.7 …
Characterizing 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride On Rough-Hulled Rice And Ethyl-Cellulose-Coated Rice Baits Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Randal S. Stahl, Carol Furcowlow, Jerome C. Hurley, John J. Johnston
Characterizing 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride On Rough-Hulled Rice And Ethyl-Cellulose-Coated Rice Baits Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Randal S. Stahl, Carol Furcowlow, Jerome C. Hurley, John J. Johnston
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Methods are developed to extract and quantitate the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPT HCI) from rough-hulled rice and ethyl-cellulose-coated rice baits using high-performance liquid chromatography. The mobile phase used in the ethyl-cellulose-coated rice matrix method is an acetonitrile(ACN)-phosphate buffer (60:40) at pH 8, and the rough-hulled rice matrix method uses an ACN-phosphate (70:30) buffer at pH 2. Increased retention time is observed for CPT HCI at the higher pH. The two methods have been useful in characterizing different bait formulations in an ongoing pesticide formulation improvement program.
Effectiveness Of A Motion-Activated Laser Hazing Systemfor Repelling Captive Canada Geese, Scott J. Werner, Larry Clark
Effectiveness Of A Motion-Activated Laser Hazing Systemfor Repelling Captive Canada Geese, Scott J. Werner, Larry Clark
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Effective management techniques are needed to disperse Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and reduce the human–wildlife conflicts associated with high population densities. We evaluated the effectiveness of a motion-activated laser hazing system for repelling captive Canada geese. The system decreased occupancy of 8 pairs of geese on the treated subplot by 83% during habituation trials. When an additional pair of geese were added to the experiment, occupancy of the treated subplot decreased .92% during each of the 20 nights of the extended habituation test. Avoidance (conditioned during the test) remained ,80% of pretreatment levels during the 2 days immediately following the …
A Test Of Targeted And Passive Capture Of Australian Elapids With A Brown Tree Snake Trap, Ian D. Temby, Richard M. Engeman
A Test Of Targeted And Passive Capture Of Australian Elapids With A Brown Tree Snake Trap, Ian D. Temby, Richard M. Engeman
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Evaluation And Significance Of Tetracycline Stability In Rabies Vaccine Baits , J. J. Johnston, T. M. Primus, T. Buettgenbach, C. A. Furcolow, M. J. Goodall, D. Slate, R. B. Chipman, J. L. Snow, T. J. Deliberto
Evaluation And Significance Of Tetracycline Stability In Rabies Vaccine Baits , J. J. Johnston, T. M. Primus, T. Buettgenbach, C. A. Furcolow, M. J. Goodall, D. Slate, R. B. Chipman, J. L. Snow, T. J. Deliberto
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Tetracycline is widely used as a biomarker for bait consumption by wildlife; tetracycline is incorporated into bones and teeth and can be detected by fluorescence microscopy several weeks postconsumption. During 2003, the United States Department of Agriculture distributed more than 10 million tetracycline-containing rabies-vaccine baits to control the spread of wildlife vectored rabies to humans, pets, and livestock. To estimate the percentage of target species consuming the baits, raccoons and skunks were collected in baited areas and teeth were analyzed for the presence of the biomarker. Several incidents of low biomarker detection rates prompted an investigation of the stability of …
Iguana Iguana (Green Iguana). Predation., Richard M. Engeman, Elaine M. Sweet, Henry T. Smith
Iguana Iguana (Green Iguana). Predation., Richard M. Engeman, Elaine M. Sweet, Henry T. Smith
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Wildlife Hazard Management At Airports: A Manual For Airport Personnel, Edward C. Cleary, Richard A. Dolbeer
Wildlife Hazard Management At Airports: A Manual For Airport Personnel, Edward C. Cleary, Richard A. Dolbeer
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
The Federal Aviation Administration, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, produced the second edition of this manual. The first edition was published December 1999. The U.S. Departments of Transportation and Agriculture prohibit discrimination in all their programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status (not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact one of the …
Dramatic Reduction In Predation On Marine Turtle Nests Through Improved Predator Monitoring And Management, Richard M. Engeman, R. Erik Martin, Henry T. Smith, John Woolard, Carrie K. Crady, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, Margo Stahl, John Griner
Dramatic Reduction In Predation On Marine Turtle Nests Through Improved Predator Monitoring And Management, Richard M. Engeman, R. Erik Martin, Henry T. Smith, John Woolard, Carrie K. Crady, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, Margo Stahl, John Griner
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
We describe improvements to monitoring/ indexing methodology for predators of marine turtle nests on the east coast of Florida, and the resulting marine turtle conservation implications from integrating the methodology into predator management. A strip transect from dune line to the shore improved an already successful design for monitoring raccoons, and was also sensitive for armadillos. The data were integrated into predator management operations to effectively and efficiently remove the species responsible for turtle nest predation. Tracking plot data also served to validate predator patterns of behavior relative to turtle nesting and improve prospects for preventive predator management strategies. Perhaps …
Preliminary Serologic Survey Of Selected Diseases And Movements Of Feral Swine In Texas, A. Christy Wyckoff, Scott E. Henke, Tyler Campbell, David G. Hewitt, Kurt C. Vercauteren
Preliminary Serologic Survey Of Selected Diseases And Movements Of Feral Swine In Texas, A. Christy Wyckoff, Scott E. Henke, Tyler Campbell, David G. Hewitt, Kurt C. Vercauteren
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) populations occur throughout eastern, central, and southern Texas, and their populations appear to be increasing. Despite their abundance and wide distribution, little is known about their range and interaction with domestic animals. In the last decade the national pork production industry has enforced an eradication program for economically detrimental swine diseases such as pseudorabies and brucellosis. It is hypothesized that feral hogs can be reservoirs that could reintroduce diseases to disease-free domestic swine herds. The objectives of this on-going project are to determine the prevalence of selected swine diseases that exist within feral hog …
Oral Rabies Vaccination—A Progress Report, Dennis Slate, Charles Rupprecht, Mike Dunbar, Robert Mclean
Oral Rabies Vaccination—A Progress Report, Dennis Slate, Charles Rupprecht, Mike Dunbar, Robert Mclean
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) targeting specific wild Carnivora species has emerged as an integral adjunct to conventional rabies control strategies to protect humans and domestic animals. ORV has been applied with progress toward eliminating rabies in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Europe and southern Ontario, Canada. Beginning in the 1990’s, coordinated ORV was implemented in Texas to contain and eliminate variants of rabies virus in the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus ) and coyote (Canis latrans ) and in several eastern U.S. States with the goal of preventing spread of raccoon (Procyon lotor ) rabies. …
Evaluation Of Optimized Variable Area Transect Sampling Using Totally Enumerated Field Data Sets, Richard M. Engeman, Ryan M. Nielson, Robert T. Sugihara
Evaluation Of Optimized Variable Area Transect Sampling Using Totally Enumerated Field Data Sets, Richard M. Engeman, Ryan M. Nielson, Robert T. Sugihara
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Plotless density estimators (PDEs) can be efficient alternatives to quadrat sampling for estimating the density of stationary objects. Variable area transect (VAT) sampling had been identified, and optimized relative to effort, in previous Monte Carlo simulated population studies as a low-labor field method that demonstrated superior estimation properties among many PDEs considered. However, natural populations tend to be much more complex and less predictable in spatial distribution than computer generated populations. Therefore, we carried out a Monte Carlo simulation study that used 17 fully enumerated field populations rather than simulated populations. These natural populations represented a variety of population densities …
Comparison Of Nicarbazin Absorption In Chickens, Mallards, And Canada Geese, C. A. Yoder, L. A. Miller, K. S. Bynum
Comparison Of Nicarbazin Absorption In Chickens, Mallards, And Canada Geese, C. A. Yoder, L. A. Miller, K. S. Bynum
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Nicarbazin (NCZ), a coccidiostat commonly used in the poultry industry, causes reduced hatchability and egg quality in layer hens at a concentration of 125 ppm (8.4 mg/kg) in the feed. Although this effect is undesirable in the poultry industry, NCZ could provide a useful wildlife contraception tool for waterfowl, particularly urban geese. We tested the absorption of NCZ in chickens (Gallus gallus), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) gavaged with 8.4 mg of NCZ/kg per bird each day for 8 d. Plasma levels of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) differed significantly among species. Peak plasma DNC levels were 2.87 f 0.15 …
Chamaeleo Gracilis (Graceful Chameleon). Reproduction In Florida., Richard M. Engeman, Desta Hansen, Henry T. Smith
Chamaeleo Gracilis (Graceful Chameleon). Reproduction In Florida., Richard M. Engeman, Desta Hansen, Henry T. Smith
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Leiocephalus Carinatus Armol'ri (Northern Curlytailed Lizard). Cannibalism., Christopher L. Dean, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Walter E. Meshaka Jr.
Leiocephalus Carinatus Armol'ri (Northern Curlytailed Lizard). Cannibalism., Christopher L. Dean, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Walter E. Meshaka Jr.
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Weast Nile Virus Serosurveillance In Iowa White-Tailed Deer (1999-2003), Julian Santatella, Robert Mclean, Jeffrey S. Hall, James S. Gill, Richard A. Bowen, Harlo H. Hadow, Larry Clark
Weast Nile Virus Serosurveillance In Iowa White-Tailed Deer (1999-2003), Julian Santatella, Robert Mclean, Jeffrey S. Hall, James S. Gill, Richard A. Bowen, Harlo H. Hadow, Larry Clark
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Sera from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were collected in Iowa during the winter months (1999-2003), 2 years before and after West Nile virus (WNV) was first reported in Iowa (2001), and were analyzed for antibodies to WNV. Samples from 1999 to 2001 were antibody negalive by blocking enzyme-linikedI immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Prevalence derived from bELISA (2002, 12.7%; 2003. 11.2%) and WNV PRNT90 (2002,7.9%; 2003, 8.5%) assays were similar. All sanlples were negative for antibodies against St. Louis encephalitis virus as determined by PRNT90. Antibodies to flaviviruses were …
Evaluation Of Optimized Variable Area Transect Sampling Using Totally Enumerated Field Data Sets, Richard M. Engeman, Ryan M. Nielson, Robert T. Sugihara
Evaluation Of Optimized Variable Area Transect Sampling Using Totally Enumerated Field Data Sets, Richard M. Engeman, Ryan M. Nielson, Robert T. Sugihara
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Plotless density estimators (PDEs) can be efficient alternatives to quadrat sampling for estimating the density of stationary objects. Variable area transect (VAT) sampling had been identified, and optimized relative to effort, in previous Monte Carlo simulated population studies as a low-labor field method that demonstrated superior estimation properties among many PDEs considered. However, natural populations tend to be much more complex and less predictable in spatial distribution than computer generated populations. Therefore, we carried out a Monte Carlo simulation study that used 17 fully enumerated field populations rather than simulated populations. These natural populations represented a variety of population densities …
Leiocephalus Carinatus Armouri (Northern Curly-Tailed). Entanglement In Human-Made Materials, Christopher L. Dean, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman, Walter E. Meshaka Jr.
Leiocephalus Carinatus Armouri (Northern Curly-Tailed). Entanglement In Human-Made Materials, Christopher L. Dean, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman, Walter E. Meshaka Jr.
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Sensory Modality Used By Coyotes In Responding To Antipredator Compounds In The Blood Of Texas Horned Lizards, Wade C. Sherbrooke, J. Russell Mason
Sensory Modality Used By Coyotes In Responding To Antipredator Compounds In The Blood Of Texas Horned Lizards, Wade C. Sherbrooke, J. Russell Mason
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
We investigated the hypothesis that the squirting of blood from orbital sinuses by Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) is an antipredator defense against some mammalian species. Coyotes (Canis latrans) were tested for the first time. As expected, Texas horned lizards squirted blood in response to coyote attacks, and coyotes exhibited startle response, avoidance response, or both as a result of these events. Whereas lizard carcasses mixed into normal foodmash elicited regurgitation by coyotes, possibly due to physical effects, blood of horned lizards similarly mixed into food did not. Coyote responses to simulated squirts of 5 compounds, …
Mechanisms Of Magnetic Orientation In Birds, Robert C. Beason
Mechanisms Of Magnetic Orientation In Birds, Robert C. Beason
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Behavior and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated a sensitivity to characteristics of the Geomagnetic field that can be used for navigation, both for direction finding (compass) and position finding (map). The avian magnetic compass receptor appears to be a light-dependent, wavelength-sensitive system that functions as a polarity compass (i.e., it distinguishes poleward from equatorward rather than north from south) and is relatively insensitive to changes in magnetic field intensity. The receptor is within the retina and is based on one or more photopigments, perhaps cryptochromes. A second receptor system appears to be based on magnetite and might serve to transduce location …
Fence-Line Interactions Among Farmed And Free-Ranging Cervids: Preliminary Results, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Justin W. Fischer, Robert Pooler, Michael J. Lavelle, Greg Phillips
Fence-Line Interactions Among Farmed And Free-Ranging Cervids: Preliminary Results, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Justin W. Fischer, Robert Pooler, Michael J. Lavelle, Greg Phillips
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Occurrences of disease outbreaks within and near captive cervid (mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)) farms have recently drawn attention to these facilities. Some state wildlife and agricultural agencies have pondered making double fencing mandatory or otherwise increasing regulation of captive operations. Diseases such as Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) and Bovine Tuberculosis (bovine TB) are a threat to captive and free-ranging cervid populations. Concerns over these and other diseases being transmitted from captive to wild cervids, and vice versa, have increased. In most cases, captive …
Probabilistic Risk Assessment For Snails, Slugs, And Endangered Honeycreepers In Diphacinone Rodenticide Baited Areas On Hawaii, Usa, John J. Johnston, William C. Pitt, Robert T. Sugihara, John D. Eisemann, Thomas M. Primus, Melvin J. Holmes, Joe Crocker, Andy Hart
Probabilistic Risk Assessment For Snails, Slugs, And Endangered Honeycreepers In Diphacinone Rodenticide Baited Areas On Hawaii, Usa, John J. Johnston, William C. Pitt, Robert T. Sugihara, John D. Eisemann, Thomas M. Primus, Melvin J. Holmes, Joe Crocker, Andy Hart
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Three probabilistic models were developed for characterizing the risk of mortality and sub-acute coagulopathy to Poouli, an endangered non-target avian species, in broadcast diphacinone-baited areas on Hawaii, USA. For single-day exposure, the risk of Poouli mortality approaches 0. For 5-d exposure, the mean probability of mortality increased to 3% for adult and 8% for juvenile Poouli populations. For Poouli that consume snails containing diphacinone residues for 14 d, the model predicted increased levels of coagulopathy for 0.42 and 11% of adult and juvenile Poouli populations, respectively. Worst-case deterministic risk characterizations predicted acceptable levels of risk for non-threatened or endangered species …
Parasitized And Non-Parasitized Prey Selectivity By An Insectivorous Bird, Gregory A. Jones, Kathryn E. Sieving, Michael L. Avery, Robert L. Meagher
Parasitized And Non-Parasitized Prey Selectivity By An Insectivorous Bird, Gregory A. Jones, Kathryn E. Sieving, Michael L. Avery, Robert L. Meagher
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
The identification and conservation of naturally occurring enemies of crop pests is an important means of improving biological control in cropping systems. One particularly important potential mechanism whereby birds might stabilize and improve pest control is consumption of individual prey that escape mortality from other agents of biological control. We tested the hypothesis that birds prefer to forage upon non-parasitized fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) prey via captive feeding trials, where birds were also offered armyworms parasitized by Euplectrus plathypenae (Howard) larvae. While birds were equally willing to eat both parasitized and non-parasitized armyworm prey of the same …
Research To Support And Enhance Feral Swine Removal Efforts, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantin, Stephanie A. Schwiff, Henry T. Smith, John Woolard
Research To Support And Enhance Feral Swine Removal Efforts, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantin, Stephanie A. Schwiff, Henry T. Smith, John Woolard
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Swine adversely affect the environment in most places around the world where they have been introduced into the wild. In many of those places swine removal is key to protection of a variety of special habitats, wetlands in particular. We have pursued several avenues of research and technique development to enhance swine removal efforts, primarily in Florida. An easily-applied passive tracking index (PTI) with good statistical properties has been effective for monitoring swine distribution and relative abundance, thus aiding the location of control method applications and the evaluation of control results. A quadrat sampiing methodology used in conjunction with the …