Digital Commons Network^™

Teschner V. Commissioner, 38 T.C. ... No. 101 (1962), Harry A. Haines

Montana Law Review

Teschner v. Commissioner

Sex Differences In Allergic Asthma Responses Of Mice Prenatally Exposed To Wood Smoke, Adelynne Walley

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

No abstract provided.

Connecting Representations And Ways Of Thinking About Slope From Algebra To Calculus, Deborah Moore-Russo, Courtney Nagle

The Mathematics Enthusiast

While slope is a topic in the algebra curriculum, having a robust understanding of slope is needed for students to truly understand several single and multivariable calculus topics with any depth. We begin with a review of the topic of slope and present what is known from its existing corpus of literature. We then outline the tenets of APOS theory. Building from there, we suggest what a robust, flexible understanding of slope involves, as well as how slope is used, with the APOS-slope framework acting as a theoretical lens. This is followed by the cases of two hypothetical students built …

An Analytical Framework For Making Sense Of Students’ Graphical Representations With Attention To Frames Of Reference And Coordinate Systems, Hwa Young Lee

The Mathematics Enthusiast

Graph literacy, the ability to interpret and create graphical representations, is an important skill for students to learn mathematics and to succeed in STEM coursework and careers. Additionally, with the rapid development of technological devices and media, students are encountering increasingly more situations in which graph literacy is needed to make sense of and respond to information. In this paper, I present a conceptual analysis of what I consider the three layers constituting a graphical representation: frames of reference, coordinate system, and graph. Relatedly, I synthesize relevant literature and propose an analytical framework that could be used to make sense …

Fostering Students’ Development Of Productive Representation Systems For Infinite Series, Derek Eckman, Kyeong Hah Roh

The Mathematics Enthusiast

Students’ development of reasoning through algebraic symbols is a crucial component of most mathematics courses. This paper reports the journey of one second-semester calculus student, Cedric, as he attempted to reason about and create algebraic representations for arbitrary partial sums and infinite series through two exploratory teaching interviews. We report Cedric’s symbolizing activity in terms of Eckman's (2023) expression framework, focusing on Cedric’s development and attribution of meaning to a personal expression template for denoting partial sums and series. Specifically, we describe how Cedric leveraged his initial meanings for partial sums to create personal expressions to reason about infinite series. …

Mathematical Understanding Based On The Mathematical Connections Made By Mexican High School Students Regarding Linear Equations And Functions, Javier Garcia-Garcia

The Mathematics Enthusiast

The aim of this research was to analyze the level of mathematical understanding based on the mathematical connections made by a group of Mexican High School students when solving mathematical tasks related to the concepts of equation and linear function. The study employed the thinking aloud method to collect data, whereby students verbalized their thought processes while solving three mathematical tasks, followed by answering some final questions. The collected data were analyzed using a simplified version of thematic analysis based on a preliminary framework adopted in this research. The findings revealed that students demonstrated different levels of mathematical understanding depending …

Preservice Secondary Mathematics Teachers’ Ways To Support Learning With Multiple Representations In Their Lesson Plans, Hilal Gulkilik

The Mathematics Enthusiast

This research aimed to determine how preservice secondary mathematics teachers supported students learning with multiple representations in their lesson plans. Participants were nine preservice secondary mathematics teachers who prepared lesson plans at the end of a 14- week mathematics methods course at a public university in Türkiye. The primary data source was the participants’ lesson plans. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant regarding the details of their lesson plans. The analytic framework for meaningfulness in representational fluency was used as a lens to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the preservice teachers enriched their lesson plans with contextual, physical, …

Guest Editorial: Connecting Mathematical Representations From Algebra To Calculus, Kyunghee Moon

The Mathematics Enthusiast

No abstract provided.

Understanding Point And Slope In Linear Equations And Approximations: A Case Study, Kyunghee Moon

The Mathematics Enthusiast

This article delves into an intervention designed to enhance a precalculus student’s understanding in constructing linear equations and in approximating function values. Before the intervention, the student primarily relied on the algebraic formula y₂-y₁/x₂-x₁ to determine slope, knew slope geometrically as Δ_y/Δ_x solely for integer values, and struggled to construct a linear equation without an explicitly shown y-intercept. Through the intervention, the student comprehended slope m as a unit rate and expanded this understanding to Δy = 𝑚Δ𝑥 for integer Δx by iterating m, Δ𝑥 number of times. She …

Expressing Distance In Graphs Of Functions In The Cartesian Plane: Obstacles And Interventions, Erika David Parr, Samuel Lippe

The Mathematics Enthusiast

Connecting algebraic and graphical representations encompasses a large portion of mathematical activity for students in grades 8-14. In Calculus, the ability to represent distances on graphs using algebraic expressions is foundational for a wide range of results. However, research has shown that students may struggle to make such connections. In this article, we seek to answer the following questions: (1) What are the underlying conceptions critical to expressing distances on graphs of functions algebraically? and (2) What types of tasks may support students in developing this skill? We first offer a conceptual analysis of the connections between algebraic expressions and …

Msw Portfolio, Mallory Phillips

Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Preview — State V. Wood. First Impressions On Accountability And Cell-Site Location Information, Sarah K. Yarlott

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Contemporary Mythology: Poems Of Creatures And Grievances, Zane G. Segal

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Urban legends and modern folklore have never been popular subjects in the canon of serious poetry, despite their more ancient counterparts being frequently coveted content. In a post-science world, the uncanny hearsay of yesteryear has lost its star power, and the act of believing in such myths has been relegated to an embarrassing pastime of drunk uncles and gullible dimwits. However, Contemporary Mythology is a collection of poems which are not afraid to be embarrassed. By entertaining the lovable qualities of unlovable monsters, these poems seek the resonance which keep urban legends comfortably lodged in the backlogs of American culture. …

Dispossession Of Ancestral Land: Effect Of Displacement On Indigenous Peoples' Life Satifaction, Kaitlyn Bird, Hailey Shangin, Alana Smutz, Julisa Lopez, Adam Farero, Stephanie Fryberg

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

North America's history of forced displacement and relocation of Indigenous tribes continues to affect contemporary Indigenous peoples (Wolfe, 2006). As climate change, socioeconomic disparities, and industry encroachment shape displacement, Indigenous people continue to be negatively impacted (Covey, 2021). The current work explores how displacement impacts life satisfaction for Indigenous Peoples, and whether cultural embeddedness modifies this relationship. Using the Indigenous Climate Justice survey (N=282), regression analysis illustrates that those who have not been displaced generally report higher life satisfaction than those who have been displaced (β=-0.255, SE= 0.108 p= 0.019). Lower reported life satisfaction is especially prevalent when those displaced …

Brains & Bilingualism: Overlapping Grammar In Aphasia Research (Ogar), Anya M. Craig, Ashlynn Everett, Jeremy Yeaton, Jenna Griffin-Musick, Catherine Off

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Title: Brains & Bilingualism: Overlapping Grammar in Aphasia Research

Category: Neuroscience

Presenter: Anya Craig

When a person who speaks more than one language has a stroke, they may experience loss of language or aphasia. Aphasia in bilinguals often causes grammatical deficits in one or both languages, yet no previous research has investigated whether the deficits across languages vary systematically or remain consistent. This study aims to identify grammatical structures uniquely preserved or impaired in bilinguals with aphasia (BWA) and understand how lesions to different brain regions correlate to grammatical deficits in those with aphasia. A cross-linguistic study was used to …

Sentiments Of Slavic Resettlement In Montana, J Kolter Stevenson

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The resettlement of Ukrainian and Russian peoples in Montana has been infrequently documented outside of personal anecdotes and narratives, shrouding the experience of resettling in Missoula for peoples with an Eastern Slavic background. As more emigrees arrive in Missoula from Ukrainian and Russian regions, the benefit of collecting and analyzing former emigrees’ experiences and resettlement strategies becomes more critical for the operations of Missoula-based non-profits and local policymakers. Analyzing written responses from multi-prompt questionnaires and utilizing native natural language processing techniques, this paper presents an analysis of the resettlement of Ukrainian and Russian emigrees in Missoula. Questionnaires examine key factors …

The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resilience Factors And Academic Performance In College Students, Marie Baird

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experience and Resilience Factors on Academic Performance in College Students

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to many different chronic illnesses and mental health issues. Previous research suggests that resilience factors may mitigate negative outcomes associated with ACEs. The purpose of this project is to investigate the impact of ACEs and resilience on academic performance in college students. Participants completed an online survey consisting of questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Module, the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and questions assessing grade point average and age. Correlation analysis …

An Examination Of Cross-Language Grammatical Deficits In A Bilingual Hindi-English Aphasia Case Study, Juhi Singh, Jenna Griffin-Musick, Catherine Off, Danielle Fahey

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

In this case study, we examine the cross-language grammatical deficits of a Hindi-English bilingual speaker with chronic aphasia. When aphasia patients are bilingual, they may experience deficits in each language; unique deficits are expected, as no two grammatical structures are exactly the same. So, this case study aims to identify how the overlap of grammars affects the patient’s pattern of grammatical deficits in each language. We recorded the patient’s utterances from samples of their Cinderella story retelling. These utterances were analyzed using the Computerized Language ANalysis (CLAN) paradigm. CLAN is a program that analyzes data for specific language transcriptions. Samples …

The Effect Of Livestock Grazing On Sharp-Tailed Grouse Nesting, Abigail I. League

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

This past summer, I worked for Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks on the first reintroduction effort of sharp-tailed grouse to western Montana following their extirpation from the region in the late 2000s. I was monitoring nest success, specifically in the Blackfoot Valley, and it was apparent that the nest survival rate was considerably low. Researchers do not know the exact reason sharp-tailed grouse were originally extirpated from the region. However, it has been hypothesized that the use of proper livestock grazing practices could be an important factor in increasing the probability of successfully establishing a population. For this project, I …

Arrivals, Poetry Bfa Thesis, Riese C. Munoz

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Arrivals is a collection of poetry that explores the topics of place, people, and relationships. Separated into three parts (West, East, and Europe), the collection moves through not only space, but also addresses the struggles of coming of age, being a woman, and growing up in the mountain west. The vein that connects each of the three parts is a series of sonnets about specific cities such as Denver, New York City, and Berlin. The use of sonnets as a grounding form aims to allow for structured exploration of people’s relationship to place specifically history and culture—aiming to utilize the …

Drought-Defying Blooms: Mt. Jumbo Wildflowers Accelerate Flowering In Response To Climate Change, Delia Schmidt, Peter Lesica, Meredith Zettlemoyer

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

As our planet undergoes unprecedented climatic shifts, we are beginning to see profound impacts on ecological processes. For example, in western Montana, we expect warming temperatures, altered precipitation, and increasing drought. Both warmer and drier conditions can affect phenology, or the timing of biological events (e.g., flowering). Indeed, earlier flowering is a well-documented consequence of warming temperatures. However, evidence for phenological shifts in response to changing precipitation remains scarce. Using a 29-year dataset on flowering time in a wildflower community on Mt. Jumbo, Missoula, MT, we examined the impacts of warming temperatures and drought conditions on flowering time in species …

Understanding The Role Of Maternal-Fetal Tissue Communication In The Evolution Of Genomic Imprinting And Disruption Of Placental Development, Ashlin K. Slanger

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Understanding the role of maternal-fetal tissue communication in the evolution of genomic imprinting and disruption of placental development

Ashlin Slanger¹, John Statz¹, Fernando Rodriguez¹, Jeff Good¹

¹Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana

The placenta is a fast-evolving organ in mammals and has been hypothesized to be a hotspot for the evolution of genomic imprinting. Imprinted expression is a form of gene regulation by which some genes show parent-of-origin dependent allelic expression bias and is critical for successful mammalian development. Studies of placental gene expression in hybridizations between mouse species have shown disruption of placental expression in several genes including …

Scripted Dialogue Task For People With Aphasia: Effects Of Verb, Object Pronoun, And Sentence Structure Differences, Ashlynn Everett, Anya Craig, Jeremy Yeaton, Catherine Off, Jenna Griffin

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Purpose: Simple syntactic structures are often difficult to produce correctly for people with aphasia (PWA). There has been variability in the literature about how lexical syntax (i.e., ‘parts of speech’) correlates to production of grammatical errors. We aimed to assess verb and object pronoun errors in English-speaking PWA while reducing working memory demands, using a modified replication of Rossi et. al. (2013).

Methods: We used a scripted dialogue paradigm to assess how (a) declarative (“the man wants to eat the cookies”) and imperative (“eat the cookies”) sentence structures, (b) verbs, and (c) object pronouns differentially affected accuracy of sentence completion. …

Foreign Language Instruction – Commonalities From Kindergarten To College, Bethany A. Tafoya

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Kindergartners learn much differently than high schoolers or college students. Yet, when it comes to foreign language (FL) instruction, adult learners are often back at square one, like kindergarteners. Though learning capacity and maturity differ greatly between kindergarten and college, are there any common threads in the method of instruction across all these levels? This project was carried out by observing foreign language classrooms from kindergarten to college, identifying the main means of instruction in each class, and analyzing whether any commonalities exist between all the levels. Language is universal, and in an increasingly global world, contact with other languages …

Impact Of Topical Capsaicin Cream On Thermoregulation And Perception While Walking In The Cold, Alice L. Held, Jessica L. Moler, Alejandro M. Rosales, Andrew C. Engellant

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Capsaicin, a chili pepper extract, can stimulate increased skin blood flow (SkBF) with a perceived warming sensation on application areas. Larger surface area application may exert a more systemic thermoregulatory response. Capsaicin could assist with maintaining heat transport to the distal extremities, minimizing cold weather injury risk. However, the thermoregulatory and perceptual impact of topical capsaicin cream application prior to exercise in the cold is unknown. METHODS: Following application of either a 0.1% capsaicin or control cream to the upper and lower extremities (10 g total, 40-50% body surface area), 11 participants in shorts and a t-shirt were exposed to …

Earlier Snowmelt Adversely Affects Alpine Plant Reproduction, August Lawson, Megan Demarche, Meredith Zettlemoyer

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Alpine ecosystems, a high-elevation habitat found above treeline, are experiencing rapid rates of climate change. Climate change results in warmer, drier conditions and increasingly early snowmelt. However, we have a limited understanding of how climate change affects alpine plant population dynamics, including flower, fruit, and seed production. Recent evidence suggests that seed production declines as snow melt occurs earlier. In summer 2023, we monitored populations of three alpine plants, Minuartia obtusiloba, Phlox condensata, and Silene acaulis. These three species are long-lived, low-growing cushion plants commonly found in alpine habitats across the globe. We quantified fruit production of these …

The Pharmacist's Role In Reproductive Justice, Ann Killen

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The pharmacist’s role in an outpatient setting is expanding from one focused solely on dispensing medications to one that collaborates with other healthcare professionals to offer clinical services. Pharmacists are professionally equipped to offer consultations regarding reproductive health services, as they are experts in medication therapy management and are easily accessible in community settings. Twenty states in the U.S. currently have laws permitting pharmacists to consult with patients and prescribe birth control, and several other states have similar legislation in progress. In rural states, pharmacists can bridge the gap many patients face in accessing quality reproductive care through this advancement …

The Youth Forest Monitoring Program: Informing High School Students, Prescribed Fire Management, And The Broader Community, Caitlyn Sena, Elizabeth Burke

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The purpose of this project is to explore whether citizen science can fill important prescribed burn research gaps as well as helping local communities better understand prescribed burning in general. The project proposes looking at the Youth Forest Monitoring Program (YFMP)—a high school citizen science program out of the Helena Lewis and Clark National Forest—and the data that has been collected on prescribed burn impacts by the program as a case study. The YFMP provides learning experiences to high school students in ecological data collection through commonly applied methods outlined in the Rapid Forest Assessment (RFA). RFA is a relatively …

The Climate Crisis: Mental Health Providers' Beliefs About Responsibility And Professional Relevance, Mackenzie Raiman, Marci Olsen

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Climate change is a global phenomenon that poses an existential threat to individuals worldwide. Research has shown that climate change can negatively impact mental health. However, it is unclear if, and how, mental health providers are engaging with this unique stressor, how much of a personal and professional responsibility they feel regarding the impacts of climate change, and how relevant they feel it is to their profession. 150 mental health professionals across the United States completed a measure of nature connectedness (NR-6), a measure of professional identity (PISC), and several questions assessing their sense of personal and professional responsibility to …

A Comparison Of Mammal Detection Methods: Hair Snares Vs Wildlife Cameras, Rayne G. Mccollough

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

This study presents findings from a multi-year mammal inventory project conducted by the Bosque School Field and Community Science Programs and partners. The research compares the efficacy of wire brush hair snares and camera traps as mammal detection methods within a 9-hectare property recently acquired by the City of Albuquerque Open Space Division, known as the Bosque. This study was prompted by the request of Albuquerque Open Space biologists and planners to conduct a comprehensive wildlife inventory of the Property and its adjacent public open space. Through rigorous methodology and data analysis, this research sheds light on the comparative effectiveness …