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Of "Illustrators," "Narrators," "Editors," And "Readers": Describing Relations Between Significantly Disabled Students And Their Peers, Srikala Naraian
Of "Illustrators," "Narrators," "Editors," And "Readers": Describing Relations Between Significantly Disabled Students And Their Peers, Srikala Naraian
Dissertations
This paper interweaves several theoretical strands—disability studies, narrative theories, and sociocultural perspectives on learning—both as a means to understand current practice in the education of students with significant disabilities as well as to envisage other forms of participation for them. The aims of the study are derived from the argument made by Ferguson (2003) that the narratives of others in the lives of severely disabled individuals are critical to the formation of their identities. Appropriating this idea to the classroom, this study explores the notion that the narratives of classroom peers are vital to the participation of the severely disabled …
Separate And Unequal Risks For Victimization? An Examination Of The Relationship Between City-Level Conditions And Risks For Non-Fatal Victimization, Toya Z. Like
Dissertations
This investigation is an exploratory study of the relationship between city-level conditions and risks for non-fatal victimization. Specifically, city characteristics including residential segregation and economic equality between whites and minorities, the proportion of female-headed households, person unemployed and impoverished and the proportion of residents below age eighteen and their relation to non-fatal victimization is studied. Furthermore, individual and neighborhood correlates of non-fatal victimization are examined in addition to city conditions. Also of importance to the current study is examining these risks across racial and ethnic groups and across cities. The primary data is derived from the National Crime Victimization Survey …
Transition Activities And Their Effects On Middle School Students, Vicki Sue Vanlaere
Transition Activities And Their Effects On Middle School Students, Vicki Sue Vanlaere
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness that transitional activities have on student achievement and attendance when students moved from elementary school to middle school. The data were gathered from two school districts that are demographically similar. Data included average daily attendance rates, Terra Nova Achievement Scores from social studies in grades five, six, and seven, as well as math in grades five, six, and seven. There were 187 students in the Treatment Group and 147 in the Control Group for a total of 334 students. Comparison of means for demographic equivalency of the groups (t-test) and …
Strange Way Home, Seema Raju Mukhi
Strange Way Home, Seema Raju Mukhi
Theses
Set in India, this novel follows the narrator, sixteen-year-old Asha Mehtani, in her two-year struggle to decide between following tradition and following her own desires. Asha encounters an American teacher at her school who encourages her to read, to learn, and to follow her own path in life. But Asha¿s parents want her to get married right after she finishes high school, in an arranged marriage. By refusing to get married, Asha will damage her family¿s reputation and ruin her younger sister¿s chances of finding a good husband. Will Asha choose to follow her heart, to go to college and …
Avian Seed Dispersers Of The Invasive Rubus Niveus (Rosaceae) In The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, Monica C. Soria
Avian Seed Dispersers Of The Invasive Rubus Niveus (Rosaceae) In The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, Monica C. Soria
Theses
The foraging behavior of bird assemblages at Rubus niveus was determined over two seasons in the agricultural zone of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos in order to identify effective seed dispersers of the species and understand the factors that aid invasion of fleshy fruited weeds. A total of seven bird species were observed feeding on R. niveus fruits. In both seasons, the small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa), the introduced smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani ) and the small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) were the most common visitors. Mean number of seeds removed per visit was higher for …
Assessing Ecological Correlates Of Avian Disease Prevalence In The Galapagos Islands Using Gis And Remote Sensing, Shane Robert Siers
Assessing Ecological Correlates Of Avian Disease Prevalence In The Galapagos Islands Using Gis And Remote Sensing, Shane Robert Siers
Theses
In recognition of the potential consequences of pathogen introduction to the Galapagos Islands, the Saint Louis Zoo and the University of Missouri¿Saint Louis, in cooperation with the Galapagos National Park Service and the Charles Darwin Research Station, implemented an avian disease surveillance program in 2001, with the objective of identifying and monitoring for pathogens that pose risk for native bird populations. The purpose of this thesis is identify environmental factors that might influence the geographic distribution of avian pathogen infection, based on two data sets obtained as a result of these surveillance efforts: 1) seroprevalence data on 10 common poultry …
Healthy Lifestyles Of Adults In A Work Setting, Kim Schafer Astroth
Healthy Lifestyles Of Adults In A Work Setting, Kim Schafer Astroth
Dissertations
Nurses have a key role in promoting healthy lifestyles to reduce incidence of disease in adults. Since the 1980¿s, researchers have recognized readiness as a key component of adopting healthy lifestyle change. Prochaska¿s transtheoretical model, which contains readiness, or stage of change, served as the theoretical framework for the current study. The purpose of this study was to test an exercise behavior model, and in so doing: (a) compare the concurrence rates of exercise stage of change classifications obtained from the four selected exercise stage of change self-report measures; and (b) determine the relative strength of the predictive factors of …
A Comparison Of Achievement Levels In Mathematics And Science, And Current Attitudes, Of Secondary Students In A Six-Period Daily Schedule, With Those Of Students In A Rotate-Eight Block Schedule, Brad J. Heger
Dissertations
In part one of this study, secondary students¿ mathematics and science achievement levels in a Six-Period Daily (SPD) schedule were compared with those in a Rotate-Eight Block (REB) schedule (eight macroperiods in a two day rotation). In part two, alumni were surveyed to compare current opinions of the schedules¿ effectiveness overall and on two subscales. Archival test data and demographic information were obtained on two graduated classes in a selected suburban Midwestern high school, enrollment grades 9 to 12 of approximately 1000 students. Stratified random samples of 50 students from each class were selected based upon treatment, academic ability, ethnicity, …
Learning Leadership: An Investigation Of Principals' Attitudes Toward Teachers In Creating The Conditions Conducive For Learning In School-Based Staff Development, Arnold N. Stricker, Jr.
Learning Leadership: An Investigation Of Principals' Attitudes Toward Teachers In Creating The Conditions Conducive For Learning In School-Based Staff Development, Arnold N. Stricker, Jr.
Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to determine the attitudes of principals toward teachers as learners by answering the following question: Do principals understand adult learning and do they have the competencies to create the conditions for learning in school-based staff development? Three research questions and a hypothesis undergirded this overall question and supported the investigation of this question. Participants in the study included principals and teachers in grades PK-12. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, Instructional Perspectives Inventory (IPI), and Respect for Partner Scale (RPS) both revised for principals and teachers. Results were analyzed to determine the extent of relationships …
Finding Voice: An Exploration Of A Community¿Based Adult Learning Process, Stephen C. Jeanetta
Finding Voice: An Exploration Of A Community¿Based Adult Learning Process, Stephen C. Jeanetta
Dissertations
The Circles of Hope is a dialogue and support group process that uses personal support, education for action, and organizing for change as a method for their own personal development and change and to become agents of change in their own communities. Case studies summaries based on individual interviews and participation in a focus group were developed for seven women who have been regular participants in the Circles of Hope. Using cross-case analysis as the key analytic framework (Miles & Huberman, 1984), change was examined across three themes, the process experience, personal growth and change, and engagement in community. This …
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods For Regression Splines With A Penalized Acceptance Ratio, David Keith Stamps
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods For Regression Splines With A Penalized Acceptance Ratio, David Keith Stamps
Dissertations
An increasingly popular method for fitting complex models, particularly with a hierchical structure involvese the use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Within a Bayesian framework, two major strategies are Gibbs sampling and Metropolis-Hastings methods. Recent research in the area of MCMC methods has witnessed the emergence of modeling efforts which permit the movement of the chain across models of varying dimensions. When properly constructed, such Markov chains converge to the joint posterior distribution of the parameters to be estimated, making Bayesian averaging an attractive option after convergence has occurred. With this transdimensional methodology, the Bayesian averaging process takes place …
The Effects Of Rumination On Problem-Solving Self-Efficacy And Self-Efficacy For Controlling Upsetting Thoughts In The Context Of Depressive Symptoms, Christina Marcia Gilliam
The Effects Of Rumination On Problem-Solving Self-Efficacy And Self-Efficacy For Controlling Upsetting Thoughts In The Context Of Depressive Symptoms, Christina Marcia Gilliam
Dissertations
Two cognitive variables that are of interest in their role in depression are self-efficacy and rumination. Self-efficacy refers to individuals¿ own appraisal of their ability to successfully accomplish a domain of tasks (Bandura, 1977). Rumination, as defined by Response Styles Theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), refers to the process of repetitively and passively thinking about negative emotions, consequences, and symptoms of distress. Although the relationship between these two constructs and depression has been examined in both experimental and correlational studies, there has been minimal research on the relationship between self-efficacy and rumination among depressed individuals. The present study was intended to replicate …
The Power Of "Estudentprotest:" A Study Of Electronically-Enhanced Student Activism, James Patrick Biddix
The Power Of "Estudentprotest:" A Study Of Electronically-Enhanced Student Activism, James Patrick Biddix
Dissertations
Both student activism and Internet use by students are among the fastest growing variables in national reports of student engagement (Astin, 2004; Levine & Cureton, 1998b). This study introduces the term estudentprotest to describe how contemporary student activists use information and communication technologies (ICTs) for protest. A sequential mixed methods design (Creswell, 2003) was utilized. This approach involved obtaining statistical information from a sample for descriptive and outcome analyses, using the results to suggest nodes for an investigation of social networks, and finally interviewing individuals to explore those results in more depth. This study found that today¿s student protests begin …
Constructing Meaning Through Religious Coping: Rebuilding The Shattered Assumptive World Of Mothers Bereaved By Homicide, Accident, And Illness, Laura Thea Matthews
Constructing Meaning Through Religious Coping: Rebuilding The Shattered Assumptive World Of Mothers Bereaved By Homicide, Accident, And Illness, Laura Thea Matthews
Dissertations
Researchers have begun to examine the theory that religion may help bereaved individuals to provide meaning to an otherwise inconceivable event. In addition, work by Janoff-Bulman (1989; 1992) and others (see Kauffman, 2002) has spawned a growing understanding that bereavement forces individuals to restructure and rebuild previously held assumptions about the self and the world. This study examined mediator-moderator effects of positive and negative religious coping on relationships between grief intensity and world assumptions in 117 mothers bereaved by the death of a child (homicide, illness, or accident). Mothers with higher grief intensity rated the world as less meaningful and …
Image Segmentation By Energy And Related Functional Minimization Methods, Eric Hudson Mason
Image Segmentation By Energy And Related Functional Minimization Methods, Eric Hudson Mason
Dissertations
Effective and efficient methods for partitioning a digital image into image segments, called ¿image segmentation,¿ have a wide range of applications that include pattern recognition, classification, editing, rendering, and compressed data for image search. In general, image segments are described by their geometry and similarity measures that identify them. For example, the well-known optimization model proposed and studied in depth by David Mumford and Jayant Shah is based on an L2 total energy functional that consists of three terms that govern the geometry of the image segments, the image fidelity (or closeness to the observed image), and the prior …
Biogeography Of Buarremon Brush-Finches (Aves, Emberizinae): Integrating Ecology, Evolution, And Systematics, Carlos Daniel Cadena
Biogeography Of Buarremon Brush-Finches (Aves, Emberizinae): Integrating Ecology, Evolution, And Systematics, Carlos Daniel Cadena
Dissertations
Ecological and historical approaches to studying species¿ geographic ranges have yet to be unified. Ideal scenarios for integrating ecology with evolutionary biology in biogeography are those where contemporary ecological interactions may have influenced species¿ distributions historically, driving the evolution of ecological niches. I focused on understanding the origin of elevational distributions of species, and specifically on the role of interspecific competition in the origin of complementary elevational ranges. To test hypotheses about the origin of elevational distributions, I followed a combined approach involving molecular phylogenetics, phylogeography, population genetics, and ecological niche modeling. I focused on Buarremon torquatus and B. brunneinucha …
Is Rumination General Or Specific To Negative Mood States? The Relationship Between Rumination And Distraction And Depressed, Anxious, And Angry Moods In Women, Jessica Lauren
Dissertations
Rumination has been found to play a role in negative affect by either maintaining or increasing depressive, anxious, and angry moods, whereas distraction has been found to decrease these negative moods. This experiment tested the hypothesis that the effect of rumination occurs across mood states and is not specific to one type of negative mood, using both Nolen-Hoeksema¿s Response Styles Theory (RST; 1991), and Bower¿s Associative Network Theory (1981; ANT). The impact of rumination and distraction on depressed, anxious, and angry mood states were examined in 90 women at the University of Missouri ¿ St. Louis. Participants were randomly placed …
The Impact Of Sexual Abuse And How Children Cope: Different Perspectives From Caretakers And Children, Megan M. Schacht
The Impact Of Sexual Abuse And How Children Cope: Different Perspectives From Caretakers And Children, Megan M. Schacht
Dissertations
Child sexual abuse is a complicated stressor with a broad range of associated symptoms. It has been suggested that the coping techniques children utilize may act as a mediating variable in the relationship between child sexual abuse and subsequent difficulties. Until recently, child sexual abuse sequelae were assessed in a piecemeal fashion, with individual tests for each symptom domain and reporter. However, recent developments in the area of trauma assessment have provided researchers with complementary caretaker- and self-report measures to assess a broad range of trauma-related symptoms (i.e., the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children [TSCYC] and the Trauma Symptom …
Durationalism: Temporalism And Eternalism, Adam Patrick Taylor
Durationalism: Temporalism And Eternalism, Adam Patrick Taylor
Theses
An ongoing debate among propositionalists centers on the question: can the truth values of propositions change over time (?). The view that says that propositions can change truth values over time has been called temporalism. The more traditional view of propositions, which denies temporalism, and goes back to Frege, has been called eternalism. Mark Richard has given forceful argument against temporalism and in favor of eternalism: the argument from belief retention. On Richard¿s view, if temporalism comes out true then it is impossible for one to retain one¿s beliefs over time. As an eternalist about propositions, I believe that all …
Evolutionary Implications On Contextualism, John Mark Gowan
Evolutionary Implications On Contextualism, John Mark Gowan
Theses
Contextual knowledge-attribution and natural selection are both processes that allow knowledge-attributions and organisms to evolve, respectively. The difference between Contextual knowledge-attribution and natural selection is the existence of intention: natural selection is an unintentional process that is possible because of random physical variations while Contextual knowledge-attribution is an intentional process that is possible because of random memetic variations. Evolutionary Contextualism, as a memetic theory, is the theory that knowledge-attributions evolve based upon unequal probabilities within a context created by falsifiable standards that are dependent upon attributer intentions. If Contextualism is a memetic theory that concerns knowledge, and memetic evolution is …
Two Contemporary Approaches To The Individuation Of Concrete Particulars: Why A Substance Theory Is A Stronger Account, Nicholas Paul Spitzer
Two Contemporary Approaches To The Individuation Of Concrete Particulars: Why A Substance Theory Is A Stronger Account, Nicholas Paul Spitzer
Theses
Throughout the history of philosophy, philosophers have explained the nature of those ordinary objects of common sense like dogs, cats, trees and people in many different ways. One of the problems that arise upon giving an account of the nature of these objects (philosophers call them concrete particulars) is the problem of individuation. The problem arise upon trying to explain what it is about the nature of a concrete particular, that makes it the very same thing as itself and not another? To put it another way, what is it about any individual concrete particular that makes it distinct from …
Two Degrees Of Intentionality: Approaching The Ascription Of Psychological Content In Non-Linguistic Creatures, Michael Joseph Ferreira
Two Degrees Of Intentionality: Approaching The Ascription Of Psychological Content In Non-Linguistic Creatures, Michael Joseph Ferreira
Theses
We often include intentional (psychological) states in the explanation of complex non-human animal behavior. How, if possible, should we characterize intentionality in other species without trivializing our own? I aim to develop a strategy, compatible with intentional realism, for approaching the ascription of intentionality in non-linguistic species. One way to approach the question, one rehearsed in multiple contexts, is to question the conditions under which conceptual mental representations might obtain in non-linguistic species. I follow a similar, but less developed strategy. I argue, following some recent literature, that it is likely that concepts split into (at least) two kinds. If …
Faculty Development In The University Setting: Perspectives And Practices, Verna Josephine Dickson
Faculty Development In The University Setting: Perspectives And Practices, Verna Josephine Dickson
Dissertations
Using a two-stage, mixed-method strategy of inquiry that follows symbolic interactionism, this study explores professional development/faculty development (PD/FD) practices and perspectives in the university setting. Four Midwestern universities, two public and two private, provided the setting for the research. The primary purpose of this study was to answer the question: What is the experience university professors have with professional development/faculty development (PD/FD). The literature presents many studies for K-12 and community college faculties; however, there is a need to study the topic within the university subculture. On-campus PD/FD programs offer faculty opportunities to improve and expand their teaching methodologies yet …
Patterns Of Habitat Use By Primates In Eastern Ecuador, Seema Nayan Sheth
Patterns Of Habitat Use By Primates In Eastern Ecuador, Seema Nayan Sheth
Theses
Lowland tropical rain forests of western Amazonia are characterized by the most speciose primate communities in the Neotropics, immediately leading to the question of to what extent does niche partitioning by primate species serve as a mechanism to promote species co-existence. Because the primate assemblages that we observe today reflect a combination of ecological and evolutionary processes, this study examines habitat occupancy and its relationship to phylogeny and space in a diverse diurnal primate community in an undisturbed lowland rain forest of Amazonian Ecuador. Specifically, the following null hypotheses are explored as potential factors that shape community structure: (1) mean …
Female Hormonal Influences On Stress- And Drug-Induced Reinstatement Of Extinguished Amphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Melissa Elaine Bleile
Female Hormonal Influences On Stress- And Drug-Induced Reinstatement Of Extinguished Amphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Melissa Elaine Bleile
Dissertations
One Animal paradigm used to study addiction is conditioned place preference. CPP is achieved when an animal develops a preference for environmental stimuli previously paired with subjective effects of a rewarding drug. Women may experience greater drug sensitivity than men, most likely due to estrogen levels. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effects of female sex hormones on drug sensitivity and their interaction with the primary factors causing relapse, stress or drug re-exposure. Female rats were ovariectomized and received replacement hormones to control circulating hormone levels. These groups of animals were tested for amphetamine (AMPH)-induced CPP and …
Development Decision-Making In St. Louis: Institutions, Incentives And Urban Development, William Ernst Winter
Development Decision-Making In St. Louis: Institutions, Incentives And Urban Development, William Ernst Winter
Dissertations
This study uses the example of St. Louis to identify how local leaders make decisions about development and what factors influence the type of projects chosen. Through an analysis of projects conducted in the downtown and two distressed neighborhoods, the study concludes that St. Louis has a system of development decision-making that is substantially privatized and decentralized. At the center of development activity are place-based entrepreneurs who understand the local market and work to change the incentive structure for reinvestment. The leadership of the private sector in planning and implementing development policy is the flipside of local institutions that are …
Evolutionary Epidemiology Of Endemic Gal¿Pagos Birds And Their Parasites, Noah Kerness Whiteman
Evolutionary Epidemiology Of Endemic Gal¿Pagos Birds And Their Parasites, Noah Kerness Whiteman
Dissertations
In order to better understand parasite diversification, I went to the Gal¿pagos Islands to study the ecology and evolution of a model bird-parasite system, which included four phylogenetically independent ectoparasite lineages infecting the Gal¿pagos Hawk (Aves: Buteo galapagoensis). The parasites comprised two lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera), a lousefly (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and an avian skin mite (Acari: Epidermoptidae). Ultimately, my goal was to examine ectoparasite evolutionary epidemiology and disease susceptibility in relation to the host¿s ecological and colonization history. At the outset, I hypothesized that parasite natural history was key in influencing the coalescent process. Accordingly, I found differences …
The Relationship Between Resource Allocation Patterns In Missouri K-12 Public School Districts And Student Performance, Aaron Ross Butler
The Relationship Between Resource Allocation Patterns In Missouri K-12 Public School Districts And Student Performance, Aaron Ross Butler
Dissertations
The link between school funding and student achievement has been a topic of debate for many years. School leaders and policy makers have sought ways to increase student achievement while using educational funding in an efficient manner. Previous initiatives to examine the relationship between funding and achievement have included education production functions, standards-based reforms, reallocation of resources, and minimum funding levels. This study was designed to examine the relationship between resource allocation patterns and student achievement in 447 Missouri K-12 public schools. The relationship between school districts¿ resources and their achievement on the 10th grade mathematics and 11th grade communication …
Self-Deception And Other-Deception In Personality Assessment: Detection And Implications, Mary Lynn Starke
Self-Deception And Other-Deception In Personality Assessment: Detection And Implications, Mary Lynn Starke
Dissertations
The present study utilized multiple methods of detecting self-deception and other-deception and explored potential implications for organizations hiring individuals exhibiting these tendencies. Participants were 242 undergraduate business students who completed self-ratings of extraversion and agreeableness under both ¿answer honestly¿ instructions and ¿answer as if you are applying for a job¿ instructions. Additionally, they completed the impression management and self-deceptive enhancement scales of the BIDR, the fake good scale and the good impression scale of the CPI, and took part in a role play with a trained observer. Individuals who knew the participants well provided ratings of participants¿ adjustment, integrity, interpersonal …
Rise: A Robust Image Search Engine, Debangshu Goswami
Rise: A Robust Image Search Engine, Debangshu Goswami
Theses
This thesis advances RISE (Robust Image Search Engine), an image database application designed to build and search an image repository. rise is built on the foundation of a CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) system. The basic goal of this system is to compute content similarity of images based on their color signatures. The color signature of an image is computed by systematically dividing the image into a number of small blocks and computing the average color of each block using ideas from DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) that forms the basis for JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compression format. The average …