Digital Commons Network^™

“Trash Talk” - Rethinking The Notion Of Waste, Shivaangi Salhotra

Student Showcase

In the twenty-first century, waste has become a ubiquitous problem. Images of things like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch have ceased to become jarring, and pictures of overflowing landfills and statistics about plastic in the ocean have become so commonplace that they are “memed”. Yet despite increasing awareness and changes in policy, global waste production and its deleterious effects continue to rise. Dominant narratives surrounding waste tend to focus on how individuals can properly dispose of their waste, which, while certainly important, is not the full story. It doesn't question why we produce so much waste in the first place, …

Community Classroom Of Hope: Permaculture Garden & Rap, Hannah Gould, Joanne Fuchs

Student Showcase

College classrooms are long overdue for an overhaul. As the next generation of students are bombarded with the most challenging questions of our time, including those of climate resilience, sustainable farming, and community development, universities need classrooms and curricula that inspire. Outdated lecture halls and the lack of engagement, discussion, and generative conflict in classes stands as an obstacle to creating new ways of thinking and being. It’s paramount that college classes represent the change, hope, and curiosity they aim to inspire in their students. This project bridges forefront research in transformative classroom practices with survey and interview data on …

The Oak & The Mailbox: The Social Impacts Of Tree Loss, Madeline D. Fabian

Student Showcase

Last fall, I was strolling through the woods near Sylvan Residential Area and stumbled upon a mysterious mailbox residing about 20 feet away from a marvelous oak tree. Inside, the mailbox held a black-and-white composition notebook containing poetry, artwork, and love stories left by passersby. While reading, I was struck by the soulful connection so many strangers had felt to the large oak tree, and. I began to contemplate the social impacts of trees-- and tree loss. I tracked down the artist who started the notebook and decided to pursue the story for my Narrative Journalism class. I spoke with …

Thermal Efficacy Of Green Walls In Building Structures In The Northeast United States, Nathaniel Wright

Student Showcase

Climate change is one of the most threatening issues that humankind faces in the 21st century and there is indisputable evidence that our planet is experiencing global temperature rise, shrinking of ice sheets and sea level rise, warming oceans, and extreme weather events at an alarming rate. Urbanization drives these changes and creates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. One method to mitigate this issue is urban greening, specifically the construction of green walls which take advantage of unused vertical exteriors of buildings. Despite existing literature on green walls especially in Europe and Asia, green walls must be researched more …

New2u Impact Report: Fostering Sustainability And Student Engagement At Umass, Sarah Welch

Student Showcase

This report presents a cost-benefit analysis of the New2U reuse and waste reduction program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass). Rooted in the university's strategic goals, New2U addresses the environmental impact of landfill waste generated during student move-outs. The program, initiated in 2014, has diverted 80,000 pounds of waste, saving 127 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) by redistributing items through a tag sale during move-in.

Urban Greening Techniques In U.S. Cities: Public Welfare Or Social Warfare?, Gwynnevere Klumpenaar

Student Showcase

This paper examines ways in which urban greening techniques, such as rain gardens, parks, micro-mobility measures, etc. might not serve entire communities, even gentrifying them in some cases. It addresses the following research question: how have urban greening techniques excluded marginalized groups from ecological services and gentrified low-income neighborhoods in the United States? Lastly, recommendations for how to improve access to ecological services provided by urban greening techniques are made.

Cooked Nature: What Three Classic Books On The American Lawn Can Tell Us About Our Current Struggle To Mitigate Climate Change, Gregory N. Poelker-Mckee

Student Showcase

My essay, “Cooked Nature: What Three Classic Books on the American Lawn Can Tell Us About Our Current Struggle to Mitigate Climate Change,” attempts to explain the dissonance between our collective desire for sustainability and our inability to reduce our own carbon footprints. Through the history of the American lawn, one can learn how culture and industry have shaped the landscape of our country, and how they continue to shape our lives today.

This paper grew out of my lifelong confusion regarding our lawns. Why do they exist? Why is it often expected that they be perfectly green year-round? Why …

Anaerobic Digestion: Awareness, Implementation, And Simulation, Kieran Tay, Nicholas Sbalbi, Michael Forozis, Flo Sabatini

Student Showcase

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the process in which organic matter is fermented in an oxygen-deprived environment to produce renewable biogas. Our project is multi-faceted, with the overall goal of raising public awareness of AD as a transitional energy source. To that end, our group has named itself Undergraduates Raising Awareness for Anaerobic Digestion (URAAD). We are approaching this goal on three fronts, including (i) a website, (ii) a physical lab-scale digester, and (iii) a computer simulation of anaerobic digestion.

The first component, the website, was developed with the aim of serving as a resource for the public. It includes educational …

Improving Access To Trails And Green Space: Brightwood Neighborhood, Springfield, Massachusetts, Gregory N. Poelker-Mckee, Alena Conrad, Cameron Joshua Holland, Eli Grigorian

Student Showcase

Accessibility has been an issue with the Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway (River Walk) since its completion in 2003. Our project focuses on designing better connections between this Springfield, MA rail trail and the local environmental justice communities it is meant to serve. As a team of four undergraduate design students, we have spent three months conducting a comprehensive research study on the trail. Ultimately, we will be turning over our research to the Appalachian Mountain Club which intends to use it for reference in their efforts to secure funding for improving River Walk access in the city of Springfield. …

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors As A Treatment For Wastewater And Biogas Production At University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Marley Norton, Brady Bell, Ariel Fine

Student Showcase

Achieving carbon net neutrality at UMass by the year 2032 would require an unprecedented scale of renovation. However, we stand before an opportunity to set a nationwide standard in college campus sustainability. The usage of water also requires energy, as both are inextricable commodities, high in demand and often non-renewable. The central heating plant (CHP) distributes heat across the 1,400+ acre campus and consumes copious amounts of natural gas. A viable solution to relieving the dominant reliance on non-renewable energy without leaving the CHP as a stranded asset revolves around the implementation of a hybrid low temperature hot water system …

New Shipment Just In! The Earthship, Amanda Anderson

Student Showcase

Earthships are an underrated aspect in architecture and design because they not only challenge the status quo, but because they also create new options for sustainable living that integrates structures within nature. Although they are extremely energy efficient and environmentally friendly, earth homes can be further improved. Architects need to investigate options that include building with more light and open spaces so that residents don't feel as if they are living in one large dark basement. Ventilation and lighting difficulties can be prevalent, as well as the risk of mold and possibly radioactive material build up. An architect's own level …

Why Massachusetts’ Drought Management Task Force Should Be In Statute: Drought Management Across The United States, Thomas G. Coughlin, Gabby Queenan

Student Showcase

This report explores structures and statutory authorities of Drought Management Task Forces across the United States, and particularly how different states have approached the issue of managing their respective Task Forces. There is growing interest in drought planning in the United States and worldwide.

As Massachusetts considers how to best respond to a new climate norm of short-term extreme droughts, one aspect of drought planning that is undergoing additional review is the role of the Massachusetts Drought Management Task Force, the state entity responsible for analyzing and reporting on drought conditions to the Secretary of Massachusetts Energy and Environmental Affairs …

Food / Now: On Climate Mitigation, Sustainable Farming And Food Security In Massachusetts, Linda Black

Student Showcase

The global scientific community sees climate change as an existential threat and the greatest challenge of the 21st century. There is a distinct correlation between climate change, agricultural practices, an food insecurity. All of this speaks to the urgent need to address hunger in American in this larger context. Even more so, given how the US is a primary contributor to the climate crisis---due in no small part to the monocrop paradigm of big agribusiness.

The USDA's Economic Research Service attributes 9.6% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions to agriculture, but that figure does not take into account the …

Bringing Life To A Hospital Site: 19 Years Of Proposals For The Abandoned Malden Hospital Site In Malden, Ma, James Mazarakis

Student Showcase

Malden is a long, thin city over 1.5 miles tall and 3.5 miles wide. It is designed in traditional New England style with multiple squares concentrating commercial and residential centers. The population is 63,373 according to the latest U.S. Census report, which is nearly a 5,000-person rise since 2010 (MAPC). It has a median age of 36.2 and approximately 36.5 percent of the population is foreign-born. This is a particularly young and international population for the state, which has a median age of 39.1 and 16.1 percent are foreign-born. Between 2006-2008, it was found that a majority of the foreign-born …

Reusable To-Go Containers At Umass Amherst, Levente Haber, Margaret Dreishpoon, Wavery Lau

Student Showcase

This research paper addresses the implementation of a reusable to-go container pilot program at Berkshire Dining Commons using an internal management system with 1,000 reusable to-go containers. This is a system where participating students receive a credit on their UCard which they can exchange on entrance to the dining hall to get a clean container. Then they can use the container as they please and return it to the dish return for their UCard credit back. Dining services will clean the used containers and return them into circulation. The purpose of our project is to eliminate single use containers. UMass …

Math 456 Student Project Reports For Valleybike Operations Optimization, Ezra Small

Student Showcase

In the fall semester of 2019 UMass Amherst students in Professor Annie Raymond's MATH 456 course used ValleyBike share route data and applied mathematic algorithms to develop recommendations to the system operators and participating communities on how to optimize bike balancing operations, maintenance, station dock allocation, station locations, incentive programs, etc.

Analyzing The Effects Of Coccolithophore Concentration On The Relationship Between Vertical Absorption Coefficient And Secchi Disk Depth, Halley Steinmetz, Michelle Staudinger, William M. Balch

Student Showcase

The study of how light passes through water, known as ocean optics, is useful in determining the constituents suspended at the surface of a water body. Understanding the composition of the water over time can answer questions about how the oceans have changed with global climate change and ocean acidification. The vertical absorption coefficient in ocean waters is an indicator characterizing how deeply light penetrates the water column. Using this information, scientists can better understand and predict the amount of primary productivity occurring in the area. Here we examine the relationship between vertical absorption coefficient and Secchi disk depth to …

A Proposal To Umass Amherst For An Electronic Time Reporting System, Nicole Comeau

Student Showcase

This proposal to UMass Amherst is for all campus offices to switch their employee time reporting operations to a universal electronic system in the interest of reducing paper and saving time. Waste reduction, including paper consumption, is a top priority for the administration and the campus, as it is for college campuses across the nation. As a Green Office Fellow in the Green Office Program within Sustainable UMass at UMass Amherst I conducted an electronic survey for my fellowship project during the Fall 2018 semester. This survey asked campus offices for information about their time reporting operations.

From Planning To Passing: The Amherst, Massachusetts Plastic Bag Ban, Kevin J. Hollerbach

Student Showcase

This case study will detail the background and influences for a plastic bag ban in the town of Amherst, outline the steps taken from planning to passage, and address roadblocks and missteps that may be avoided with the implementation of future bans. It is my hope that this document will not only serve as a guide, but also an inspiration for additional local action in Massachusetts and across the country. No matter what the national political climate or attitude towards environmental issues, local action is always possible, and change is usually easier than you think. Think globally, act locally!

The Perfect Storm: Lasting Impacts Of Structural Adjustment Programs And Pressures Of Climate Change In Latin America And Ghana, Africa, Sam Kefferstan

Student Showcase

This work examines the intersectionality of economic, social and environmental impacts of the International Monetary Fund’s and World Bank’s application of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) within Latin America and Ghana, Africa. Varying economic and social indicators illustrate the underperformance of SAPs in their intended mission to reduce poverty and debt in developing nations. This research argues Gross Domestic Product is an imperfect measure of improving quality of life and points towards other indicators such as increasing national debt, rising incidences of poverty, and exacerbated regional disparities to demonstrate the shortcomings of SAPs. This piece also investigates the limitations adjustment imposes …

Umass Amherst Guide To Zero-Waste Events, Kevin J. Hollerbach, Ainsley Brosnan-Smith

Student Showcase

As the University of Massachusetts Amherst continues to grow, and as programming for the campus community becomes an ever-rising priority, events organizers will need to consider the waste implications of every event to comply with state and University standards, goals, and policies. This "Guide to Zero-Waste Events" aims to streamline the planning process as well as provide tips and examples for follow-through to implementing a successful zero-waste event. The guide also presents actionable policy recommendations for the University to reduce waste and increase diversion from large-scale outdoor events on the UMass Amherst campus.

What Will It Take To Make Solar Panels Cool?, Luke Fateiger, Cameron A. Lane, M. Donald Rollings, Cameron J. Smith-Freedman

Student Showcase

With the predicted results of climate change looming, humanity must do all it can to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Maintaining a habitable environment along with the high quality of living associated with developed nations requires investment in renewable energy. Because national governments often fail to make responsible decisions for their country's future, this burden falls to institutions like UMass Amherst. Although costly investments like solar panels substantially improve the sustainability of campus, some innovative improvements of existing solar energy infrastructure can go a long way. For example, when solar panels heat up they lose photovoltaic efficiency. We propose that UMass …

Proposal For Implementation Of An E-Receipt System And Non-Toxic Compostable Receipt Paper At Umass Dining Facilities, Patricia Murphy, Randa Kallin, Kyle Grasso, Taryn Ramey

Student Showcase

For our junior year writing course, we were given the assignment to write a proposal to fix something on campus. As students passionate about sustainability, our group elected to improve an aspect of campus we thought could boost our universities impressive green reputation. We all realized receipt printing is a large and wasteful process at UMassAmherst while both large-scale stores such as Home Depot and smaller venues in downtown Amherst were able to implement an e-receipt system which saves money and resources. Although this proposal started as a class project, our group found through our research that this idea had …

Monitoring Waste To Minimize Waste At The University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Dylan J. Masi, Timothy C. Shea, Jacob M. Downs, Amy W. Chou

Student Showcase

The University of Massachusetts Amherst is committed to sustainability, however, the campus could further reduce its costs and save energy by optimizing the current method of waste removal. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that by the end of the century, Earth’s average temperature will rise by 11 degrees Fahrenheit unless society takes action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to the EPA, about one-third of carbon emissions in the U.S. come from transportation. Campus garbage bins are collected by carbon-emitting trucks daily, and large truckable waste compactors are collected about three times per week. The amount of harmful …

North D Compost Pilot Semester Report, Kevin J. Hollerbach, Jordan Chan

Student Showcase

Following the completion of a 14-week-long residential compost pilot program in North Apartment D at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, this review summarizes the proposition, implementation, and operation of the project. The success of this pilot provides the framework for the expansion of residential composting at UMass Amherst, resulting in higher trash diversion rates from residence halls, and encouraging students to reduce their environmental footprint both on and off campus. The demonstrated success for this pilot program and upcoming expanded pilot provides further justification for expansion across residential life, other University departments, or other institutions to participate in waste-reduction initiatives. …

Ecological And Management Implications Of Climate Change Induced Shifts In The Phenology Of Alewife (Alosa Pseudoharengus), Sam Stettiner, Michelle Staudinger, Adrian Jordaan, John Sheppard

Student Showcase

Climate change is causing species to shift their phenology, or the timing of recurring life events such as migration and reproduction, in variable and complex ways. This can potentially result in mismatches or asynchronies in food and habitat resources that negatively impact individual fitness, population dynamics, and ecosystem function. This project seeks to improve our understanding of shifts in the timing of seasonal migration and spawning of adult anadromous alewife, Alosa psuedoherengus in seven natal stream systems within the state of Massachusetts: Acushnet, Agawam, Herring, Jones, Nemasket, Stoney Brook, and Town Brook Rivers. Initial analyses examined if and how the …

Black Soldier Fly Larvae Manual, Haeree H. Park

Student Showcase

This manual is a resource for fisheries, hatcheries, and farms of all types that wish to exercise a sustainable management system utilizing black soldier fly larvae through the minimization of waste. Although black soldier fly larvae can be fed to small livestock such as chickens and rodents, this project and manual are tailored specifically to freshwater fish in hopes of closing the significant gap and inefficiencies of fish management and subsequent waste throughout the New England coastal area. There is an evident opportunity to harness black soldier fly larvae’s extraordinary bioconversion of organic matter that can lead to not only …

The Language Of Sustainability, Maija Ploof

Student Showcase

This paper seeks to address the importance of understanding the ambiguous term "sustainability" through the study of humanities, chiefly literature. Additionally, the paper explores the emerging genre of climate change fiction, or "cli-fi" and its potential role in presenting the issues of both ecological and human sustainability to a global audience, using Amitav Ghosh's novel The Hungry Tide as a primary example. As a basis for the theory that literature can affect a sustainable future, I also examine the importance of language in shaping both perception and protection of the environment. Language creates familiarity, which in turn creates consciousness. Literature …

Environmentally Conscientious Orchards Connection, William Mp Burgess, Michael Iwata, Sarah Schomp, Andrew Wooldridge

Student Showcase

California’s almond industry uses over 1.2 trillion gallons of freshwater annually, more water than is used by almost any other crop. Although California is in a severe drought, its almond industry is expanding because the crop is a valuable commodity, providing California with more than $11 billion to its gross state product each year. While almond production is inherently water intensive, current agricultural processes in the San Joaquin Valley waste almost 50% of the freshwater it uses each year from over-watering, runoff ₆ , evaporation, and contamination ₃₅.

Much of this waste can be eliminated if various California stakeholders …

Coastal Erosion In Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Finding Sustainable Solutions, Michael D. Roberts, Lauren Bullard, Shaunna Aflague, Kelsi Sleet

Student Showcase

The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the Cape Cod Planning Commission have identified coastal erosion, flooding, and shoreline change as the number one risk affecting the heavily populated 1,068 square kilometers that constitute Cape Cod (CZM, 2013 and Cape Cod Commission 2010). This paper investigates natural and anthropogenic causes for coastal erosion and their relationship with established social and economic systems. Sea level rise, climate change, and other anthropogenic changes increase the rate of coastal erosion. The impacts associated with coastal erosion include habitat loss, property loss, infrastructure damage, and beach loss. These impacts will affect economic, …