Digital Commons Network^™

Nonsexual Transmission Of Anogenital Warts In Children: A Retrospective Analysis, Valerie Jones, Shawn J. Smith, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose was to evaluate the prevalence of sexual abuse in patients who were referred to a pediatric gynecologist for evaluation based on the clinical findings of anogenital warts. A retrospective analysis was performed on 131 patients between the ages 6 month and 9 years referred to a pediatric gynecologist after the finding of anogenital warts by a clinical provider, parent or caregiver. A complete physical examination under colposcopy by a the same, trained pediatric gynecologist was completed, and a complete medical and family history including maternal and sibling history for evidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and anogenital warts. The …

Chemotherapy And Survival For Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Findings From A Large Nationwide And Population-Based Cohort, Nidhi Rohatgi, Xianglin L. Du, Ann L. Coker, Lemuel L. Moye, Michael Wang, Shenying Fang

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: To assess the patterns of chemotherapy use for patients with multiple myeloma and to determine if chemotherapy is effective in prolonging survival outside the clinical trial settings.

Methods: We studied a nationwide and population-based retrospective cohort of 4902 patients ≥65 years of age with stage II or III multiple myeloma from 1992 to 1999, identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results-Medicare data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of receiving chemotherapy and Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of mortality associated with chemotherapy.

Results: Of 4902 patients with stage II …

The Individual, Regional And State Economic Impacts Of Kentucky Community And Technical Colleges, Glenn C. Blomquist, Paul A. Coomes, Christopher Jepsen, Brandon Koford, Barry Kornstein, Kenneth R. Troske

CBER Research Report

Excerpt from the executive summary:

This report presents the results of our nine-month effort to measure the economic value of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS), both directly to its students around the state, and indirectly to all residents of Kentucky. We find wide public support for KCTCS, and a willingness to pay for an expansion of its programs. We also find a large variation in the individual returns to community and technical college education, in terms of expected work-life earnings by gender and by region of the state.

Osteopontin Mediates Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration And Insulin Resistance In Mice, Takashi Nomiyama, Diego Perez-Tilve, Daisuke Ogawa, Florence Gizard, Yue Zhao, Elizabeth B. Heywood, Karrie L. Jones, Ryuzo Kawamori, Lisa A. Cassis, Matthias H. Tschöp, Dennis Bruemmer

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Obesity is associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation characterized by abnormal cytokine production and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. During immune responses, tissue infiltration by macrophages is dependent on the expression of osteopontin, an extracellular matrix protein and proinflammatory cytokine that promotes monocyte chemotaxis and cell motility. In the present study, we used a murine model of diet-induced obesity to examine the role of osteopontin in the accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages and the development of insulin resistance during obesity. Mice exposed to a high-fat diet exhibited increased plasma …

The Epidemiology And Economics Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, David M. Mannino, S. Braman

David M. Mannino

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease responsible for a large human and economic burden around the world. Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for COPD in the developed world, although other important risk factors include occupational exposures, air pollution, airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma, and genetic predisposition. In most of the world, COPD prevalence and mortality continue to rise in response to increases in smoking, particularly by women and adolescents. COPD is also an important cause of disability, and is linked to comorbid diseases, such as depression and cardiovascular disease, which adds to the large economic …

Promoting Multi-Methods Research: Linking Anthropometric Methods To Migration Studies, Lisa Cliggett, Deborah L. Crooks

Lisa Cliggett

The experience of migration includes costs and benefits to migrants and sending communities. In the tradition of a “letters” type discussion, this paper presents a synthesis of recent work from a longitudinal study from Zambia, Africa that used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the experience and outcomes of migration among the Gwembe Tonga. In this ethnographic study, we argue that including anthropometric methods in migration studies enhances our ability to empirically assess impacts of mobility to better understand the experience of migration. In this particular African context we see, on average, a beneficial outcome for migrants’ nutritional status, and livelihoods.

Evaluation Of Kentucky’S “Buckle Up Kentucky: It’S The Law & It’S Enforced” 2007 Campaign, Kenneth R. Agent, Eric R. Green, Ronald E. Langley

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this report was to document the results of the “Buckle Up Kentucky: It’s the Law & It’s Enforced” 2007 campaign in Kentucky. Data were also taken to document the change in usage after enactment of the primary enforcement law. The campaign involved a combination of earned media, paid media, and enforcement. The earned media started about five weeks prior to Memorial Day 2007 and continued through the enforcement periods. The paid media campaign was for the two weeks prior to Memorial Day while the enforcement period was a two-week period including the week before and the week …

Defective Dna Base Excision Repair In Brain From Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease And Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Lior Weissman, Dong-Gyu Jo, Martin M. Sørensen, Nadja C. De Souza-Pinto, William R. Markesbery, Mark P. Mattson, Vilhelm A. Bohr

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased oxidative DNA damage has been observed in brain tissue from AD patients. Base excision repair (BER) is the primary DNA repair pathway for small base modifications such as alkylation, deamination and oxidation. In this study, we have investigated alterations in the BER capacity in brains of AD patients. We employed a set of functional assays to measure BER activities in brain tissue from short post-mortem interval autopsies of 10 sporadic AD patients and 10 age-matched controls. BER activities were also measured in brain …

The Health Implications Of Violence Against Women: Untangling The Complexities Of Actual And Chronic Effects: Part Two, Carol E. Jordan

Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications

No abstract provided.

Retinol Binding Protein 4 Expression In Humans: Relationship To Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, And Response To Pioglitazone, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Vijayalakshmi Varma, Angela M. Bodles, Neda Rasouli, Bounleut Phanavanh, Mi-Jeong Lee, Tasha Starks, Leslie M. Kern, Horace J. Spencer Iii, Amir Adel Rashidi, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Susan K. Fried, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Context: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently found to be expressed and secreted by adipose tissue, and was strongly associated with insulin resistance.

Objective: The aim was to determine the relationship between RBP4 and obesity, insulin resistance, and other markers of insulin resistance in humans.

Design and Patients: RBP4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue and muscle of nondiabetic human subjects with either normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were studied, along with plasma RBP4. RBP4 gene expression was also measured in adipose tissue fractions, and from visceral and sc adipose tissue (SAT) from surgical patients.

Setting: The study was …

Azithromycin In The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant For The Prevention Of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Study, Hubert O. Ballard, Michael I. Anstead, Lori A. Shook

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Azithromycin reduces the severity of illness in patients with inflammatory lung disease such as cystic fibrosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a pulmonary disorder which causes significant morbidity and mortality in premature infants. BPD is pathologically characterized by inflammation, fibrosis and impaired alveolar development. The purpose of this study was to obtain pilot data on the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic azithromycin in reducing the incidence and severity of BPD in an extremely low birth weight (< or = 1000 grams) population.

METHODS: Infants < or = 1000 g birth weight admitted to the University of Kentucky Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (level III, regional referral center) from 9/1/02-6/30/03 were eligible for this pilot study. The pilot study was double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled. Infants were randomized to treatment or placebo within 12 hours of beginning mechanical ventilation (IMV) and within 72 hours of birth. The treatment group received azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days followed by 5 mg/kg/day for the duration of the study. Azithromycin or placebo was continued until the infant no longer required IMV or supplemental oxygen, to a maximum of 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were incidence of BPD as defined by oxygen requirement at 36 weeks gestation, post-natal steroid use, days of IMV, and mortality. Data was analyzed by intention to treat using Chi-square and ANOVA.

RESULTS: A total of 43 extremely premature infants were enrolled in this pilot study. Mean gestational age and …

Differential Neuromuscular Training Effects On Acl Injury Risk Factors In"High-Risk" Versus "Low-Risk" Athletes, Gregory D. Myer, Kevin R. Ford, Jensen L. Brent, Timothy E. Hewett

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular training may reduce risk factors that contribute to ACL injury incidence in female athletes. Multi-component, ACL injury prevention training programs can be time and labor intensive, which may ultimately limit training program utilization or compliance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of neuromuscular training on those classified as "high-risk" compared to those classified as "low-risk." The hypothesis was that high-risk athletes would decrease knee abduction moments while low-risk and control athletes would not show measurable changes.

METHODS: Eighteen high school female athletes participated in neuromuscular training 3x/week over a 7-week period. Knee kinematics and …

Gender-Specific Effects Of Hiv Protease Inhibitors On Body Mass In Mice, Melinda E. Wilson, Kimberly F. Allred, Elizabeth M. Kordik, Deana K. Jasper, Amanda N. Rosewell, Anthony J. Bisotti

Physiology Faculty Publications

Protease inhibitors, as part of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), have significantly increased the lifespan of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Several deleterious side effects including dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy, however, have been observed with HAART. Women are at a higher risk of developing adipose tissue alterations and these alterations have different characteristics as compared to men. We have previously demonstrated that in mice the HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, caused a reduction in weight gain in females, but had no effect on male mice. In the present study, we examined the potential causes of this difference in weight gain. Low-density …

Development Of A Decision Support Tool To Facilitate Primary Care Management Of Patients With Abnormal Liver Function Tests Without Clinically Apparent Liver Disease [Hta03/38/02]. Abnormal Liver Function Investigations Evaluation (Alfie), Peter T. Donnan, David Mclernon, Douglas Steinke, Stephen Ryder, Paul Roderick, Frank M. Sullivan, William Rosenberg, John F. Dillon

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Liver function tests (LFTs) are routinely performed in primary care, and are often the gateway to further invasive and/or expensive investigations. Little is known of the consequences in people with an initial abnormal liver function (ALF) test in primary care and with no obvious liver disease. Further investigations may be dangerous for the patient and expensive for Health Services. The aims of this study are to determine the natural history of abnormalities in LFTs before overt liver disease presents in the population and identify those who require minimal further investigations with the potential for reduction in NHS costs.

METHODS/DESIGN: …

Editor's Preface And Acknowledgements, Brandon Absher

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Davidson, Joyce, Liz Bondi And Mick Smith, Eds. 2005. Emotional Geographies. Ashgate Publishing, Burlington Vt., Mathias Detamore

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

"Things That Lie On The Surface:" Modernism, Impersonality, And Emotional Inexpressibility, Rochelle Rives

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Moving Whiteness: Rhetoric And Political Emotion, Wendy Ryden

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Memory, War, And Emotion; Disclosure Interviews Jay Winter. January 27, 2006, Brandon Absher, George Phillips

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Data Shuffling Procedure For Masking Data, Krishnamurty Muralidhar, Rathindra Sarathy

Management Faculty Patents

A method for data shuffling to preserve data confidentiality is provided. The method comprises masking of particular attributes of a dataset which are to be preserved in confidentiality, followed by a shuffling step comprising sorting the transformed dataset and a transformed confidential attribute in accordance with the same rank order criteria. For normally distributed datasets, transformation may be achieved by general additive data perturbation, followed by generating a normalized perturbed value of the confidential attribute using a conditional distribution of the confidential and non-confidential attribute. In another aspect, a software program for accomplishing the method of the present invention is …

The Health Implications Of Violence Against Women: Untangling The Complexities Of Acute And Chronic Effects: Part One, Carol E. Jordan

Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications

No abstract provided.

Sociodemographic Characteristics And Diabetes Predict Invalid Self-Reported Non-Smoking In A Population-Based Study Of U.S. Adults, Monica A. Fisher, George W. Taylor, Brent J. Shelton, Sara M. Debanne

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Nearly all studies reporting smoking status collect self-reported data. The objective of this study was to assess sociodemographic characteristics and selected, common smoking-related diseases as predictors of invalid reporting of non-smoking. Valid self-reported smoking may be related to the degree to which smoking is a behavior that is not tolerated by the smoker's social group.

METHODS: True smoking was defined as having serum cotinine of 15+ng/ml. 1483 "true" smokers 45+ years of age with self-reported smoking and serum cotinine data from the Mobile Examination Center were identified in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Invalid non-smoking was …

Human Visfatin Expression: Relationship To Insulin Sensitivity, Intramyocellular Lipids, And Inflammation, Vijayalakshmi Varma, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Neda Rasouli, Angela M. Bodles, Bounleut Phanavanh, Mi-Jeong Lee, Tasha Starks, Leslie M. Kern, Horace J. Spencer Iii, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Susan K. Fried, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Context: Visfatin (VF) is a recently described adipokine preferentially secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with insulin mimetic properties.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association of VF with insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), and inflammation in humans.

Design and Patients: VF mRNA was examined in paired samples of VAT and abdominal sc adipose tissue (SAT) obtained from subjects undergoing surgery. Plasma VF and VF mRNA was also examined in SAT and muscle tissue, obtained by biopsy from well-characterized subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance, with a wide range in body mass index (BMI) and …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) In Children Following Acute Injuries Requiring Emergency Medical Care, Virginia Depp Cline

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Unfortunately, one rite of passage of childhood is often serious injury that carries psychological impact along with the obvious physical repercussions. Prior studies have found conflicting results for protective/risk factors, thus this study attempted to explore PTSD in a sample of children ages seven to thirteen years of age with moderate to severe injuries. In this study (N = 32), 31.3% of children experiencing such a sudden injury requiring hospitalization at the University of Kentucky Childrens Hospital demonstrated significant indications of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following the injury. Several pre, peri, and post-trauma variables from during the childs hospitalization to …

Diversity In A Japanese Transplant: The Effect Of Gender, Race, Age, And Employment Status On Teamwork, Elena Darina Lepadatu

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Diversity and Teamwork are currently some of the trendiest human resources strategies of boosting team performance and ultimately, organizational performance. This study analyzes the impact of gender, racial, age and employment status diversity on teamwork, and is one of the first studies on diversity and teamwork in the mature phase of Japanese transplants. The theoretical framework includes elements of the symbolic interactionist theory, Kanter.s theory on tokenism, revised contact hypothesis and perspectives on cultural diversity (Ely and Thomas, 2001). The data were collected from interviews with 87 workers from 16 production teams working on the assembly line at a top …

The Contextual Elements Of Political Tolerance: A Multilevel Analysis Of The Effects Of Threat Environment And Domestic Institutions On Political Tolerance Levels, Marc Lawrence Hutchison

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Although largely overlooked in much of the previous research on political tolerance, I argue that contextual factors, specifically state-level features, play a significant role in influencing individual tolerance judgments. Drawing from extant theories of public opinion, international conflict, and political institutions, I seek to further our understanding of the determinants of political tolerance by trying to answer the following question: What accounts for the significant differences in political tolerance levels across countries? While models using individual-level predictors account for some of the disparity in tolerance levels, a substantial amount remains unexplained. I assert that several macro-level theoretical frameworks offer compelling …

Operating Speed Prediction Models For Horizontal Curves On Rural Four-Lane Non-Freeway Highways, Huafeng Gong

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

One of the significant weaknesses of the design speed concept is that it uses the design speed of the most restrictive geometric element as the design speed of the entire road. This leads to potential inconsistencies among successive sections of a road. Previous studies documented that a uniform design speed does not guarantee consistency on rural two-lane facilities. It is therefore reasonable to assume that similar inconsistencies could be found on rural four-lane non-freeway highways. The operating speed-based method is popularly used in other countries for examining design consistency. Numerous studies have been completed on rural two-lane highways for predicting …

Aging And The Dynorphinergic System: Evaluation Of Memory And Motor Systems In Prodynorphin Knockout Mice, Xuan V. Nguyen

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Dynorphins, endogenous peptide neurotransmitters expressed in the central nervous system, have been implicated in diverse pathophysiological processes, including excitotoxicity, chronic inflammation, traumatic injury, cognitive impairment, and motor dysfunction, with significant changes with aging or age-related disease processes. This has led to the hypothesis that the suppression of dynorphin expression would produce beneficial effects on learning and memory and motor function. To assess the phenotypic manifestations of chronic suppression of endogenous dynorphin, knockout (KO) mice lacking the coding exons of the gene encoding the prodynorphin (Pdyn) precursor protein, were tested in a series of behavioral, biochemical, and molecular biological studies. Moderately …

Mentoring Matters: The Influence Of Social Support And Relational Maintenance Strategies On Critical Outcomes In Doctoral Education, Sarah Elizabeth Cavendish

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Utilizing social support as the theoretical foundation for this research, the study proposes and tests the Mentoring Relational Process Model (MRPM). The influence of support sought, relational maintenance strategies, and support obtained on the critical graduate outcomes of relational satisfaction, research self-efficacy, perceived time-todegree, and relational quality is examined. Data collected from 310 doctoral students through an online survey is used to test the MRPM. Over 50% of the variance in relational satisfaction and relational quality, respectively, is predicted by the MRPM. Research selfefficacy and perceived time-to-degree were not well-predicted by the current data.

A Controlled Comparison Of Emotional Reactivity And Physiological Response In Chronic Orofacial Pain Patients, John E. Schmidt

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This study examined the emotional and physiological differences between masticatory muscle pain patients and age, height, and weight matched pain-free controls. Physiological activation and emotional reactivity were assessed in the 22 muscle pain patients and 23 pain-free controls during a baseline rest period, while discussing a personally relevant stressor, and during a post-stressor recovery period. Physiological activity was assessed through the use of the frequency domain heart rate variability indices. Activity in the high frequency heart rate variability range is an index of parasympathetic activity while activity in the low frequency heart rate variability range is an index of both …