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Examining The Impact Of Covid-19 On Elementary-Aged Minoritized Students, Ashlynn Ramirez
Examining The Impact Of Covid-19 On Elementary-Aged Minoritized Students, Ashlynn Ramirez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The Coronavirus Disease [COVID-19] pandemic was a public health crisis. As of January 2022, there were over 314 million infections and over 5.5 million deaths (Assefa et al., 2022). Unfortunately, COVID-19 disproportionately impacted minoritized populations. This study will investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and the impact on minoritized students attending Title I elementary schools in one urban school district. According to Lopez-Ibor (2006), "disasters are diverse events as a consequence of a danger that affects social groups and produces material and human losses resulting in insufficient resources of the community and insufficient coping through social mechanisms" (p. 22). COVID-19 affected …
Two Studies Examining The Effects Of Industry Controversy On Accountability And Social And Environmental Accounting, Jacob Lennard
Two Studies Examining The Effects Of Industry Controversy On Accountability And Social And Environmental Accounting, Jacob Lennard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The following dissertation consists of two studies investigating the relationships between industry controversy and accountability. In Study 1, I develop a theoretical framework for identifying industry controversy and I discuss the applications to accountability in social and environmental accounting (SEA) research. The framework consists of criteria to define industry controversy (a difference of opinion at a societal level about a routine feature) as well as two primary theories (organizational legitimacy and organizational stigma) and two secondary theories (utility attribution and stigma transfer) that can explain organizational outcomes. Study 1 concludes with a discussion of areas of accounting research where this …
Assessing The Barriers To Reintegration Among Returnees In Nigeria, Itunu Ilesanmi
Assessing The Barriers To Reintegration Among Returnees In Nigeria, Itunu Ilesanmi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Reintegration for internally displaced returnees in Nigeria needs improvement due to the barrier returnees encounter when returning to their communities of origin. As a path to recovery following the unsettling experiences of generalized violence caused by Boko Haram terrorist attacks in Northeastern Nigeria, there is a need for best practices to mitigate challenges during reintegration for internally displaced returnees. With an estimated 2.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Northeastern Nigeria at the end of 2022, 1.98 million have returned to their prior residence, where they must cope and survive while attempting to reintegrate without effective and efficient support to …
Exploring Risk Factors Associated With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology In Police, Lori Camacho
Exploring Risk Factors Associated With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology In Police, Lori Camacho
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Mental health outcomes, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in police have become more of a concern for law enforcement administrators, peers, family and friends. Using culture as a theoretical framework, the current cross-sectional, convergent mixed methods study explored the relationship between personal cumulative exposure to different types of critical incidents and likelihood of reporting PTSD symptoms in a sample of officers (n=71) from one municipal police department. This study also examined how personal cumulative exposure to different types of critical incidents and likelihood of reporting symptoms of PTSD may be moderated by the degree of perception of social support from …
Perceived Barriers To And Comfort Levels With Hypothetical Intimate Partner Violence Help-Seeking Among Arab Americans, Jana Mostafa
Perceived Barriers To And Comfort Levels With Hypothetical Intimate Partner Violence Help-Seeking Among Arab Americans, Jana Mostafa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Members of the Arab American community experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) face unique barriers to help-seeking and have different comfort levels with using formal and informal resources. This thesis surveyed Arab-Americans to identify perceived barriers and comfort levels with IPV help-seeking. A culturally informed and centered approach was taken to examine connections between individual level factors, perceived barriers and comfort levels in using resources. To do so, I gathered data via an online survey with 82 Arab American participants. Findings suggest that participants perceived the greatest barriers to seeking help for IPV are related to how others view and understand …
The Successful Characteristics That Contribute To Black Male Students Matriculating Into Medical School, Cedric Brown
The Successful Characteristics That Contribute To Black Male Students Matriculating Into Medical School, Cedric Brown
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
In 2019, individuals that identified as Black represented 13.4% of the U.S. population, 12.5% of the undergraduate student enrollment population and 7.1% of the medical school population. Subsequently, this has yielded a 5% Black physician population and workforce consisting of just 2.3% Black male physicians (AAMC, 2018). The disproportionately low Black physician representation contributes to greater healthcare disparity outcomes within the U.S. Black population. This study is centered on the post-positive characteristics of Black male medical students that have successfully overcome barriers to entry and matriculated into medical school. The phenomenological post-positive study was conducted through the lens of Self-Efficacy …
A Spatiotemporal Examination Of Crime Site Selection For Commercial Burglary And Street Robbery, Devin Cowan
A Spatiotemporal Examination Of Crime Site Selection For Commercial Burglary And Street Robbery, Devin Cowan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The overall goal of this dissertation is to examine how the built and natural environment influences how potential criminals identify crime sites to offend within. Guided by the theoretical principles of crime site selection and crime pattern theory, this study specifically focuses on the crimes of street robbery and commercial burglary in three unique study locations—Atlanta, GA, Fayetteville, NC, and Rochester, NY. The data for this study were collected from multiple publicly available data repositories. Of these repositories, criminal incident data for the dependent variables were gathered from the National Policing Institute's Police Data Initiative. Data for the independent variables, …
The Perfect Storm: Motherhood, Intimate Partner Violence, And Covid-19, Kelly Blauschild
The Perfect Storm: Motherhood, Intimate Partner Violence, And Covid-19, Kelly Blauschild
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an insidious societal problem with potentially lethal ramifications. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread conditions and virus risk mitigation procedures like social distancing and stay-at-home orders exacerbated factors that contribute to IPV such as poverty and substance use. Though anyone can experience IPV, mothers carried unparalleled burdens in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic such as increasing childcare responsibilities, growing financial difficulties, and worsening mental health, and many of these factors have been linked to experiencing IPV. The growing body of literature indicates a rise in IPV during COVID-19, but little has …
Progress In Chaos: Cash Transfers And Women Economic Empowerment Amidst Climate Change And Violent Conflicts In West Africa, Jennifer Obado Joel
Progress In Chaos: Cash Transfers And Women Economic Empowerment Amidst Climate Change And Violent Conflicts In West Africa, Jennifer Obado Joel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Do cash transfers shift gender norms of economic relations within households and communities during crises? This study explores the effect of social protection programs like cash transfers on women's economic empowerment in contexts where climate change and violent conflicts co-occur. Cash transfers have become a policy of choice for governments and development agencies seeking to alleviate poverty, address economic and political grievances, and build individual and community resilience to climate change. Due to the recent popularity of cash transfers, there needs to be more scholarship on its effect on women's intra-household economic agency and voice in communities. Therefore, this study …
The Twinning Of Crisis: Intimate Partner Violence, State-Level Policy, And Female-Headed Family Poverty Across The United States, Julio Montanez
The Twinning Of Crisis: Intimate Partner Violence, State-Level Policy, And Female-Headed Family Poverty Across The United States, Julio Montanez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and poverty plague populations as twin social crises. Just as IPV has implications in terms of gender, race, magnitude, and deleteriousness—so does poverty. IPV cuts across demography but has concentrated burden for certain groups. In addition to the many dimensions of violence survivors may face, survivors may face economic abuse, as well as difficulty working or attaining an education. Poverty, measured in relative and absolute terms, is stratified by various demographic categories (e.g., disability, ethnicity, gender), with certain groups facing an enhanced prevalence of the issue. With these demographic disparities working in the background of the …
Using Simulation For Law Enforcement De-Escalation Training, Julie Kent
Using Simulation For Law Enforcement De-Escalation Training, Julie Kent
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Law enforcement needs simulation practice tailored to de-escalation skills. Law enforcement officers spend most of their training time practicing how to use force appropriately and very little time practicing how to avoid using force. There is little research into the best ways for law enforcement to reduce their use of force and the best ways to provide training to individuals to coach them to avoid using force. There are many training programs promoting de-escalation techniques, but there is little research into the effectiveness of these programs beyond the ability of individuals to perform the skills that are trained. There is …
Addressing Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Fair Data Generation And Classification And Analyzing Algorithmic Curation In Social Media, Amirarsalan Rajabi
Addressing Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Fair Data Generation And Classification And Analyzing Algorithmic Curation In Social Media, Amirarsalan Rajabi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
With the growing impact of artificial intelligence, the topic of fairness in AI has received increasing attention. Artificial intelligence is observed to have caused unanticipated negative consequences. In this dissertation, we address two critical aspects regarding human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI), a new paradigm for developing artificial intelligence that is ethical, fair, and helps to improve the human condition. In the first part of this dissertation, we investigate the effect that AI curation of contents by social media platforms has on an online discussions, by studying a polarized discussion in the Twitter network. We then develop a network communication model that …
A Human-Centered Approach To Improving Adolescent Online Sexual Risk Detection Algorithms, Afsaneh Razi
A Human-Centered Approach To Improving Adolescent Online Sexual Risk Detection Algorithms, Afsaneh Razi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Computational risk detection has the potential to protect especially vulnerable populations from online victimization. Conducting a comprehensive literature review on computational approaches for online sexual risk detection led to the identification that the majority of this work has focused on identifying sexual predators after-the-fact. Also, many studies rely on public datasets and third-party annotators to establish ground truth and train their algorithms, which do not accurately represent young social media users and their perspectives to prevent victimization. To address these gaps, this dissertation integrated human-centered approaches to both creating representative datasets and developing sexual risk detection machine learning models to …
Assessing The Relative Influence Of Interpersonal Relationship Factors On Probationer Rule Compliance, Lucas Alward
Assessing The Relative Influence Of Interpersonal Relationship Factors On Probationer Rule Compliance, Lucas Alward
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The quality of probation officer-client therapeutic alliance (TA) can result in improvements in supervision success including reduced rearrest and non-compliance. However, less is known about how clients' perceptions of procedural justice during interactions with their probation officer (PO) influence the quality of the PO-client TA and impact supervision outcomes. While extant research supports the importance of procedural justice for shaping citizen's legitimacy beliefs and compliance to the law within policing, we know little about how and whether these concepts influence the PO-client TA in community supervision and whether they impact compliance. Using self-reported survey data collected from a sample of …
Predicting The Likelihood Of Verbal Coercion Across Race And Ethnicity Through Routine Activity Theory, Ketty Fernandez
Predicting The Likelihood Of Verbal Coercion Across Race And Ethnicity Through Routine Activity Theory, Ketty Fernandez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Sexual coercion is a widespread issue in the United States. It is estimated that one in six women in the U.S. have been sexually coerced in their lifetime. While studies in the area have increased over the years, a major limitation in the current literature is the lack of racial and ethnic representation among victim samples, as the majority of sexual assault research overwhelmingly focuses on White women. Although there are different types of sexual coercion, this study focuses on verbal sexual coercion (VSC), a tactic less studied but used as often as other forms of intimidation. Studies suggest alcohol, …
Innovation Resistance? Understanding Officer Attitudes Toward Police Innovation, Justin Smith
Innovation Resistance? Understanding Officer Attitudes Toward Police Innovation, Justin Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Over the years, innovations such as community-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, and crime analysis have helped police agencies control, reduce, and prevent crime and disorder, and improve police and community relations. However, research shows that some officers are resistant to using these innovations in practice. Few studies have examined the causal mechanisms behind innovation resistance. This doctoral dissertation details a study that utilized a mixed method approach to partially test a framework that encompassed two theories to explain officer resistance to innovation: The Model of Consumer Resistance to Innovation from the consumer psychology and marketing fields (Ram & Sheth, 1989), and …
Homicide Patterns In Urban Places:A Geospatial Analysis Of Homicide In Baltimore, M.D., Kayla Toohy
Homicide Patterns In Urban Places:A Geospatial Analysis Of Homicide In Baltimore, M.D., Kayla Toohy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Extant criminological research examining research questions oriented on understanding the spatial distribution of violent crime instances, such as homicide, have often employed the theoretical foundations of both social disorganization theory and routine activities theory. Though there is much research using these theories independently and in conjunction with one another, few studies have integrated the theories in analyses of homicide at multiple levels of aggregation. The current study is conducted to analyze homicide incidents in Baltimore, Maryland from 2014 through 2018. The analysis conducted considers both social disorganization and routine activities theory variables to test the explanatory power of each theory …
Hannibal Lecter And A Friend Walk Into A Bar: The Role Of Psychopathy In Peer Drinking Behaviors, Matthew Kramer
Hannibal Lecter And A Friend Walk Into A Bar: The Role Of Psychopathy In Peer Drinking Behaviors, Matthew Kramer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
OVERVIEW: College student drinking remains a concern on campuses, with many interventions for college students not showing the desired effect in lowering alcohol use and problems. Thus, examining possible underlying factors, such as psychopathy, is important. Psychopathy includes elements of callousness, manipulativeness, charm, and impulsivity. Additionally, psychopathy has been associated with increased alcohol use and problems. Despite the overwhelming evidence of psychopathy's role in alcohol pathology writ large, and that psychopathy is considered to include predatory interpersonal skills and antisocial behaviors, there is little research examining the role of psychopathy in peer influence related to alcohol use and protective strategies. …
Zombie At Work (Aggressive) Zombie At Home: The Relationship Between Work Boredom And Romantic Partner Undermining And Disengagement, Kenzie Dye
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Work boredom is an understudied topic within Industrial/Organizational psychology, and studies have yet to examine work boredom in the context of the work-nonwork interface. The present study reviewed the current work boredom literature and then examined two pathways by which boredom may be related to employees' behavior at home. It proposed that negative affect, in the form of frustration, is a link between work boredom and undermining behaviors toward one's romantic partner. The cognitive pathway connecting work boredom with romantic partner disengagement, was proposed to be affective rumination. These pathways were expected to be buffered with a high work-nonwork segmentation …
Defunding Law Enforcement: Fire Departments' Perspective On Implementing The National Fire Protection Association 3000 Standard When Preparing For An Active Shooter Mass Casualty Incident, Anthony Rios
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This study applied the policy window theory through punctuated equilibrium and resource dependency theories to analyze the perception of nationwide fire service leaders and the impact that defunding law enforcement can have on the fire service in managing an active shooter mass casualty incident (ASMCI). As police reform remains the center of discussion throughout the nation, many community leaders have explored ways to re-appropriate police funding. This comes at a time when the paradigm of law enforcement and Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) interdependency has become the standard response to ASMCIs as defined by the National Fire Protection Association 3000 Standard …
Inclusive Writing, Kairos, And Technical Communication: Defining Our Modern Age., Ramara Reisch
Inclusive Writing, Kairos, And Technical Communication: Defining Our Modern Age., Ramara Reisch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
A reoccurring topic in the TPC (technical/ professional communication) field has been the exclusion and marginalization of some audience members, especially those who are African American/ Black, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, LGBTQIA, and those with physical or mental disabilities. Throughout this thesis, I make connections between what has happened in the past and how it has contributed to the kairos of the TPC social justice turn. I explore the term "kairos" which is the timing and space in which something occurs and, depending on someone's delivery, they can create a persuasive and opportunist moment. The subject of including audiences into …
Investigating The Intersection Of Teachers' Mathematical Anxiety According To Experience And Instructional Grade Level, Molly Greer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Teacher instruction in mathematics is a critical cornerstone for effective student learning (Aldrup et al., 2020). Teaching mathematics is essential for the development of student mathematical thinking; a foundational skill required for the majority of careers (Ramirez et al., 2016). Researchers have demonstrated that mathematical anxiety (MA) is prevalent among the general population and is estimated to impact 42% of teachers in elementary education (Aldrup et al., 2020). The impact of MA on teaching, student learning, and overall teacher performance is just beginning to emerge. Yet, researchers have shown MA has implications on the function (Pizzle et al., 2020) and …
Law Enforcement Motivations For Establishing Real-Time Crime Centers: A Mixed Model Study, Frank Linton
Law Enforcement Motivations For Establishing Real-Time Crime Centers: A Mixed Model Study, Frank Linton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Law enforcement agencies across the United States are establishing real-time crime centers (RTCCs) at a rapid rate, yet research exploring the decisions to establish them is lacking. This study therefore attempts to fill that void by using a mixed methods approach to examine whether adaptive organizational theories, consisting of contingency theory (Lawrence & Lorsch, 1967; Woodward, 1965), resource dependency theory (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978), and institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell 1991; Meyer & Rowan, 1977), can be used to explain a law enforcement agency's decision to set up an RTCC. This cross-sectional mixed methods design comprised two different studies (Study …
Mediation And Moderation Analyses Investigating Marijuana Use Among Lgb Adults, Traccy Martins
Mediation And Moderation Analyses Investigating Marijuana Use Among Lgb Adults, Traccy Martins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
With marijuana use being at an all-time high, it is important to further analyze the factors associated with use. Utilizing the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=205,083), the current study assesses marijuana use among LGB adults, as well as possible mediating (health-related measures) and moderating (criminal legal system exposure) factors. Findings using a chi-square analysis showed that overall, bisexual and lesbian/gay adults were more likely to use marijuana, while those who reported "not sure" were less likely to use. For the mediation analysis, when health measures were introduced to the logistic regression model, the outcome remained the …
The Expansion Of School Resource Officers In A Florida County: A Mixed Methods Study, Melanie Soderstrom
The Expansion Of School Resource Officers In A Florida County: A Mixed Methods Study, Melanie Soderstrom
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
In the aftermath of school shootings, policymakers presented the expansion of school resource officers (SROs) in the nation's schools as a method for keeping students safe. Recently, policing in the United States has come under increased scrutiny, and several school districts across the country cancelled their SRO contracts with law enforcement agencies. Notably, these contradictory decisions have been made with limited empirical knowledge surrounding, the roles, preparedness, and impact of SROs. A county in Florida substantially expanded its SRO program in the 2016-17 school year creating a new unit within the local sheriff's office and an opportunity to investigate these …
An Examination Of Street-Level Drug Enforcement Tactics And Court Outcomes, Nicholas Paul
An Examination Of Street-Level Drug Enforcement Tactics And Court Outcomes, Nicholas Paul
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
While there is a substantial body of placed-based evaluations of drug enforcement strategies, little is known about the nature and effectiveness of the routine tactics used by local police to target individual drug offenders. This study used a mixed-method approach to build on existing research on the efficacy of drug enforcement by documenting the nature and consequences of street-level drug enforcement at the local level. First, a focus group of drug enforcement experts was conducted to identify the tactics used to generate arrests and various types of evidence believed to strengthen drug cases. Next, official data in the form of …
The 'Ideal Victim' Of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: An Examination Of The Impact Of Victim/Offender Relationship Status, Victim Self-Identity, And Observer Gender On Constructing Victim Status, Kelli Dauphinais
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Guided by Nils Christie's (1986) Ideal Victim framework, the current study examines the effect that victim/offender relationship status (casual vs. serious), victim self-identity (as a "victim" or a "survivor"), and observer gender (woman vs. man) have on victim blame attributions. Data were collected from 329 adult students at a large public university in the Southwest United States using an online, experimental vignette design. Three separate one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted to test the study's three hypotheses. Results suggest that among the study sample, victim/offender relationship status (H1) and victim self-identity (H2) do not significantly affect victim blame attribution …
Corporate Social Advocacy: Addressing Social Justice In The Age Of Black Lives Matter, Asianna Elston
Corporate Social Advocacy: Addressing Social Justice In The Age Of Black Lives Matter, Asianna Elston
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This research explores corporate advocacy and support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Using organizational legitimacy theory as a theoretical framework, this research employed thematic analyses in order to study statements issued by Fortune's 50 most admired companies in response to the re-energized Black Lives Matter movement. These statements were studied using thematic content analysis in order to gauge corporate engagement with the movement, as well as indicate themes of authenticity or hypocrisy apparent in the statements. The study revealed major themes of support and authentic engagement, as well as highlighted the missing components that may indicate hypocritical stances to …
Beyond The Second Sidewalk: A Study Of Collective Efficacy At Institutions Of Higher Education And Surrounding Communities, Rebecca Decesare
Beyond The Second Sidewalk: A Study Of Collective Efficacy At Institutions Of Higher Education And Surrounding Communities, Rebecca Decesare
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Social disorganization theory (Shaw 1942; 1969) suggests that communities with greater racial heterogeneity, residential mobility, and low socioeconomic status will be less organized, thereby less able to collectively repel criminal behavior. These characteristics describe many institutions of higher education (IHEs), so we should expect that IHEs would have higher crime rates than neighboring areas with greater social organization. However, recent explorations of social disorganization have considered the mitigating concept of collective efficacy. This research suggests that the characteristics of social control, social cohesion, and trust present in communities will mitigate crime (Sampson 1997). These community characteristics also describe many IHEs. …
Using Geographic Information Systems To Analyze The Effects Of Residential Location On Student Academic Success, Courtney Wilson
Using Geographic Information Systems To Analyze The Effects Of Residential Location On Student Academic Success, Courtney Wilson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Purpose: This study aims to assess the impact of social disorganization indicators (i.e., employment, median-household income, owner-occupied housing, crime, poverty, and minority percentage) on academic performance (i.e., GPA) for 6th and 7th-grade students attending seven K-8 designated Orange County Public Schools (OCPS) in central Florida. Methods: A hot spot cluster analysis was used to identify areas where high and low GPA clustering occurs based on the individual block level GPA data obtained from OCPS. Visual map comparison of cluster results and social disorganization indicators were used to understand if high GPA cluster outcomes occur in areas of social disorganization. Moreover, …