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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Influence Of Pesticides On Us Corn Production Environmental Impact: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Of Dominant Production Practices, Kyle Marinoni Lawrence
The Influence Of Pesticides On Us Corn Production Environmental Impact: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Of Dominant Production Practices, Kyle Marinoni Lawrence
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In recent years there has been increasing interest in reducing agricultural environmental footprints in the United States, particularly for commodity crops like corn grain. Pest management is one aspect of agricultural production that is often identified as having potential for improvement with regard to environmental impact, but there is not a robust body of literature to identify the wide-scale influence of pesticides on yield and environmental impact. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of different classifications of pesticides has a significant impact on the overall environmental impact. To test this, agricultural models were created to represent the dominant …
2016 China Food Law Update, Michael T. Roberts, Ching-Fu Lin
2016 China Food Law Update, Michael T. Roberts, Ching-Fu Lin
Journal of Food Law & Policy
This update of China food law builds on a unique feature for the Journal of Food Law .& Policy that has been provided since the Journal's inception - separate food law updates for both the United States and European Union. "Recognizing the globalness of the modem food system, these updates have served an invaluable role in keeping scholars and practitioners abreast of the world's leading food regulatory systems." China's emergence as a developed, modem food regulatory system with the potential of being a leading food regulatory system makes sense given its position as a world economic powerhouse. China's role in …
Cash, Crops, Chemicals, And Cosmetics: A Mid-Green Eco-Labeling Approach, Michael T. Olexa, R. Benjamin Lingle, Kimberly Stewart, Damian C. Adams
Cash, Crops, Chemicals, And Cosmetics: A Mid-Green Eco-Labeling Approach, Michael T. Olexa, R. Benjamin Lingle, Kimberly Stewart, Damian C. Adams
Journal of Food Law & Policy
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) uses grade standards to uniformly characterize the quality and condition of agricultural commodities. The standards are promulgated by the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Services (AMS) division in consultation with farming industry groups. Emphasizing produce attributes such as surface defects, shape, cleanliness, color, maturity, and decay, grade standards improve the marketability of agricultural commodities by establishing a common industry language for use in contracts. Use of such a language enables wholesale buyers to know the quality of commodities without first having to inspect them, thus facilitating trade by lowering transaction costs.
European Union Food Law Update, Nicole Coutrelis
European Union Food Law Update, Nicole Coutrelis
Journal of Food Law & Policy
On March 31, 2006, the European Commission published Council Regulation (EC) No. 510/2006 On the Protection of Geographical Indications and Designations of Origin for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs. This new regulation repealed Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2081/92 On the Protection of Geographical Indications and Designations of Origin for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs mainly to bring Community law into conformity with the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and the findings of a recent WTO panel. Under the new Regulation, persons in third countries (non-European Union members) are entitled to address applications for the protection of geographic names and statements of objection …
European Union Food Law Update, Nicole Coutrelis
European Union Food Law Update, Nicole Coutrelis
Journal of Food Law & Policy
On December 23, 2006, the European Commission published Commission Directive 2006/142/EC "amending Annex IlIa of Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council listing the ingredients which must under all circumstances appear on the labelling of foodstuffs" in regard to Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 20, 2000, "on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs."' "Annex IIla of Directive 2000/13/EC lists the ingredients which must under all circumstances appear on the labeling of foodstuffs ... " and the new Directive …
Federal Regulation Of Pesticide Residues: A Brief History And Analysis, Kate Z. Graham
Federal Regulation Of Pesticide Residues: A Brief History And Analysis, Kate Z. Graham
Journal of Food Law & Policy
In the United States today, there are over 900 pesticides in use1 and over 400 are approved for use in food production, whether used as part of the growing process or in post-harvest handling. Although the history of pesticide use in food crops goes back centuries, the post-war period has seen an enormous growth in the varieties and amounts of pesticides used in our food system. As our reliance on pesticides has grown, pesticides have become a divisive issue. Pesticide advocates view them as essential to a secure and reliable food supply needed to feed a growing world population. Detractors, …
The Blight Of The Bumblebee: How Federal Conversation Efforts And Pesticide Regulations Inadequately Protect Invertebrate Pollinators From Pesticide Toxicity, Emily Helmick
Journal of Food Law & Policy
This article explores the Endangered Species Act's conservation efforts towards the Rusty-Patched Bumblebee as a case study that highlights the gaps in protections afforded to invertebrate pollinators. It focuses on how the law does not adequately protect endangered invertebrate pollinators from inadvertent pesticide poisoning and introduces the threat that this poses to our food system.
Pesticide Ground Water Monitoring Project - Phase Vii, Terry Nichols
Pesticide Ground Water Monitoring Project - Phase Vii, Terry Nichols
Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Completion Report: Arkansas State Plant Board Pesticide Ground Water Monitoring Project - Phase Vi, T. Nichols, P. Vendrell, K. Steele, H. D. Scott, C. Armstrong
Completion Report: Arkansas State Plant Board Pesticide Ground Water Monitoring Project - Phase Vi, T. Nichols, P. Vendrell, K. Steele, H. D. Scott, C. Armstrong
Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Identification Of Optimal Locations For Sampling Ground Water For Pesticides In The Mississippi Delta Region Of Eastern Arkansas, H. S. Lin, H. D. Scott, J. M. Mckimmey
Identification Of Optimal Locations For Sampling Ground Water For Pesticides In The Mississippi Delta Region Of Eastern Arkansas, H. S. Lin, H. D. Scott, J. M. Mckimmey
Technical Reports
Concerns about the presence of pesticides in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Arkansas Delta have generated the need to develop a map of ground water vulnerability for this region comprised of approximately 10 million acres. Based on the availability of digital data and the scale of this study. we used a modified Pesticide DRASTIC model in a GRASS GIS environment to identify areas that were physically more sensitive to pesticide contamination than other areas within the Delta. Spatial distribution of pesticide loading was estimated from pesticide application rates in different crops and crop distribution map interpreted from …
Completion Report: Arkansas State Pesticides In Ground Water Monitoring Project Phase Iv: Eastern Arkansas (Pulaski, Lee And Jackson Counties), T. Nichols, P. Vendrell, K. Steele, H. D. Scott, C. Armstrong
Completion Report: Arkansas State Pesticides In Ground Water Monitoring Project Phase Iv: Eastern Arkansas (Pulaski, Lee And Jackson Counties), T. Nichols, P. Vendrell, K. Steele, H. D. Scott, C. Armstrong
Technical Reports
In 1995, fifty-two water samples were drawn from 49 new wells and 2 wells that had been previously sampled during earlier phases. These included twenty samples from 19 wells in eastern Pulaski County, thirteen wells in Lee County, 16 wells in Jackson County, two wells in Lonoke County, one well in Crittenden County and resamples of two wells in Woodruff County. Figure 1 shows the locations of the 3 counties where the majority of the samples were taken and Figures 2-4 show the monitoring locations withing these counties. The wells were tested for nitrate and 13 pesticides listed in Table …
Ground Water Monitoring Project For Arkansas, Phase Iii, Kenneth F. Steele, Steven S. Hill, Terry W. Nichols, H. Don Scott, Paul Vendrell, H. S. Lin
Ground Water Monitoring Project For Arkansas, Phase Iii, Kenneth F. Steele, Steven S. Hill, Terry W. Nichols, H. Don Scott, Paul Vendrell, H. S. Lin
Technical Reports
This report is composed of two parts. The first part is an interpretation of the pesticide and nitrate data collected in Woodruff County based on samples collected during 1994. Because there is an indication that there were hydrological differences between 1994 and 1995, and because most of the pesticide data is from 1994, this interpretive portion is restricted to 1994 data. Six wells initially sampled in 1994 that contained pesticides had continuing contamination in re-sampling in 1994 and 1995. Part II lists a seventh well in Woodruff County that contained pesticides in February and May of 1995
Effect Of Drying On Cyromazine Loss From Surface-Applied Caged-Layer Manure, T. C. Daniel, D. H. Pote, D. R. Edwards
Effect Of Drying On Cyromazine Loss From Surface-Applied Caged-Layer Manure, T. C. Daniel, D. H. Pote, D. R. Edwards
Technical Reports
In Arkansas, much of the environmental concern related to water quality has focused on the high volume of poultry fecal waste spread on the surf ace of local pastures to fertilize forage grass. Cyromazine (N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- triamine), a feed-through larvicide used to control house flies (Musca domestica), is often a component of caged-layer manure. Cyromazine is quite soluble and stable in water, and previous research has shown that it can be readily washed from pasture plots by intense rainfall. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate increased drying time as a best management practice technique for reducing cyromazine runoff losses from …
Completion Report: Arkansas State Pesticides In Ground Water Monitoring Project, Terry Nichols, Paul Vendrell, Kenneth Steele
Completion Report: Arkansas State Pesticides In Ground Water Monitoring Project, Terry Nichols, Paul Vendrell, Kenneth Steele
Technical Reports
Executive Summary. The Arkansas State Plant Board (ASPB) has completed a monitoring project in Ashley County, Arkansas. Twenty-nine samples from 23 wells were analyzed for 10 pesticides commonly used in Ashley County. The only detection was Metolachlor, at 0. 71 ug/L, in one well. When the well was subsequently resampled no pesticides were detected. Fifteen of the wells were also tested for nitrate. In one of the wells nitrate was measured at 10.3 mg/L. The other wells were all below 0.05 mg/L. Extensive quality assurance (QA) data collected during the project indicate that 94% of the pesticide data meet all …
Woodruff County Groundwater Vulnerability, H. D. Scott
Woodruff County Groundwater Vulnerability, H. D. Scott
Technical Reports
There is much unknown about the extent of pesticide contamination of groundwater in Arkansas. In recent years, several research studies have been conducted where wells for irrigation and domestic uses have been sampled and analyzed for pesticides (Lavy, 1988; USGS,1993; Nichols, et al., 1993). For state and federal regulatory agencies, evaluation of the potential ground water contamination begins with considering those areas in Arkansas where pesticides are used and where the ground water is vulnerable to contamination. With a relatively large area of crops grown in Arkansas and only limited financial resources available for chemical analyses by state and federal …
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Technical Reports
The Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan (SMP) is based on the Draft State Pesticide Ground- Water Management Plan Guidance and The Pesticides and Ground-Water Protection Strategy prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The need for a plan to protect ground water from contamination by agricultural chemicals and agents arises from evidence nationwide that using these chemicals can, in some instances, lead to contamination. In February 1988, EPA proposed a strategy to regulate certain pesticides by prohibiting their use in areas vulnerable to leaching unless a state develops and implements an acceptable management plan. The advantage of a …
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan - Appendices, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan - Appendices, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Technical Reports
The Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan (SMP) is based on the Draft State Pesticide Ground- Water Management Plan Guidance and The Pesticides and Ground-Water Protection Strategy prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The need for a plan to protect ground water from contamination by agricultural chemicals and agents arises from evidence nationwide that using these chemicals can, in some instances, lead to contamination. In February 1988, EPA proposed a strategy to regulate certain pesticides by prohibiting their use in areas vulnerable to leaching unless a state develops and implements an acceptable management plan. The advantage of a …
Effect Of Land Application Of Poultry Waste On Pesticide Loss, T. C. Daniel, D. R. Edwards
Effect Of Land Application Of Poultry Waste On Pesticide Loss, T. C. Daniel, D. R. Edwards
Technical Reports
The poultry industry in Arkansas is a large, concentrated, growing industry that produces a high volume of fecal waste. Most of this waste is surface applied as pasture fertilizer. Pesticides are commonly used in the poultry industry for fly and litter beetle contro land are often a component of the surface-applied poultry waste. No information exists in the scientific literature regarding the transport of this pesticide component to nearby water supplies.Our research focused on cyromazine, a feed-through larvicide used to control flies in caged-layer hen houses. Tetrachlorvinphos and carbaryl are also used in poultry waste, but these pesticides have a …
Water Quality As Affected By Pesticides In Rice Production, W. G. Johnson, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, B. W. Skulman, R. E. Talbert, R. J. Smith
Water Quality As Affected By Pesticides In Rice Production, W. G. Johnson, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, B. W. Skulman, R. E. Talbert, R. J. Smith
Technical Reports
Studies were conducted to determine the environmental persistence of the rice pesticides triclopyr, 2,4-D, benomyl and quinclorac. Triclopyr half-lives ranged from <7 d to >100 d depending on depth within the soil profile and clay content. Triclopyr persistence increased as depth within the profile increased and clay content increased. The benomyl metabolite MBC was present at greater than 50% of the initial amount after 9 months in the field. In simulated carryover field studies quinclorac exhibited the greatest potential for injury to subsequent rotational crops. Cotton and soybean growth was reduced when planted at four weeks after quinclorac application. The adsorption of triclopyr …
Hydrolytic And Photochemical Degradation Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, James F. Hinton
Hydrolytic And Photochemical Degradation Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, James F. Hinton
Technical Reports
To keep pace with demands for increasing food supplies to satisfy the expanding world population, modern agriculture has utilized the latest scientific and technological knowledge available. Increases in crop production through the use of growth regulators, fertilizers , herbicides, and insecticides have been little short of phenomenal, and drugs, feed additives, and higher-quality grain and forage have dramatically increased livestock production. But, as is usually the case, this progress has been accompanied by problems, one of the more serious being contamination of our environment by chemicals. Only in recent years have the full effects of these pollutants on the ecological …