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Different Approaches To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance, Samantha Biaesch
Different Approaches To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance, Samantha Biaesch
Chemistry
In the recent years, there has been a growing demand for the development of antibiotic treatments as bacterial infections have acquired defense mechanisms to commonly used antibiotics, such as penicillin. During the growth of bacterial cells, resistant mutants are able to survive antibiotic treatment and continue proliferation. Thus, creating a resistant bacterial cell population that can no longer be targeted through antibiotic treatment. Due to the recent need of new approaches, there has been an explosion of research in developing techniques that combat bacterial resistance. Both bacteriophage-RNA aptamer binding and modifications in bacterial tRNA show potential to be exploited for …
Raman Spectroscopy Of Aged Waterlogged Bones: Protocol Optimization, Bailey Hoplight
Raman Spectroscopy Of Aged Waterlogged Bones: Protocol Optimization, Bailey Hoplight
Chemistry
Current methods used for determining the age buried bones for forensic purposes are heavily affected by environmental conditions, can be susceptible to scientific bias and the interpretation can vary from investigator to investigator. Raman Spectroscopy can potentially be used as an automatic method to analyze the composition of bone eliminating the human factor. To test this hypothesis, we will use Raman spectroscopy to potentially identify the burial time of bones. The change in the chemical composition of the pig bones was probed using a Raman spectrometer with a 785nm excitation wavelength. Other parameters of the Raman instrument were optimized to …
Raman Spectroscopy For Forensic Identification Of Body Fluid Traces: Method Validation For Potential False Negatives Caused By Blood-Affecting Diseases, Niara Nichols
Chemistry
Two critical issues in forensic science are identifying body fluid traces found at crime scenes and preserving them for DNA analysis. However, the majority of current biochemical tests for body fluid identification, which are applicable at the crime scene, are presumptive and destructive to the sample. Raman Spectroscopy provides a suitable alternative to current methods as a nondestructive, confirmatory, and potentially in field method. Our laboratory has developed a chemometric model for the identification of five main body fluids using Raman spectroscopy. This model was developed using samples obtained from healthy donors. Thus, it is of most importance for the …
Comparison Of Raman Spectra Of Smokeless Powders For Cartridge Differentiation, Nathan Bartlett
Comparison Of Raman Spectra Of Smokeless Powders For Cartridge Differentiation, Nathan Bartlett
Chemistry
As crimes involving firearms continue to be prevalent, forensic methods processing firearms evidence must keep pace with the changes in said evidence. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, or SEM-EDS, is a method that targets the inorganic portions of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence, namely lead, barium, and antimony, to characterize a cartridge used at a crime scene, and was the most often used analysis method for characterizing ammunition cartridges. The rise of lead-free ammunition has made it so that SEM-EDS alone is not sufficient for the characterization of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR), and studies have shifted towards being able …
The Business Of Chemistry: The Effect Of Chemical Innovation On The U.S. Cosmetics Market, Tania Gonzalez
The Business Of Chemistry: The Effect Of Chemical Innovation On The U.S. Cosmetics Market, Tania Gonzalez
Chemistry
This study discusses the relationship between two distinct fields of study: chemistry and economics. Chemistry is a business in itself and has major effects on the US economy. Examining the U.S cosmetics market and the recent development of organic products will show the effect on market growth and the growing importance of organic cosmetics in the United States. The recent awareness and concern for eco-friendly and safer ingredients fueled by millennials is discussed. The average annual expenditure in the U.S. cosmetics market is examined and inflation is taken into account. The purpose is to show the importance of research in …
Resolution Of Portable Raman Spectrometers And Its Effect On The Analysis Of Biological Specimens, Jalissa Thomas
Resolution Of Portable Raman Spectrometers And Its Effect On The Analysis Of Biological Specimens, Jalissa Thomas
Chemistry
Body fluid traces are a common and a major form of evidence that can be found at a crime scene, as it is a good source of DNA. As such, it is vital that body fluid evidence is properly detected and identified. Issues with the current methods of identifying body fluids and the large backlog of evidence in most forensic labs call for more accurate on-scene (in situ) body fluid identification. Past research has demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy is an advantageous tool for accurately and quickly identifying body fluids, namely in the laboratory. Portable Raman instruments have been …
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Cocaine Detection, Kiersten Jo Mead
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Cocaine Detection, Kiersten Jo Mead
Chemistry
The detection of drugs of abuse using Raman spectroscopy is of particular interest to forensic researchers at the moment. Raman spectroscopy is highly specific, fast, non-destructive, and can be adapted for in-situ measurements, making it the ideal forensic technique. Researchers working under the guidance of Doctor Igor Lednev have been able to use UV resonance Raman spectroscopy to detect cocaine in oral fluid without the need for sample pretreatment. They were however unable to detect the cocaine at forensically relevant levels. To overcome this limitation, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used in this proof of concept study for the detection …
Fingerprint Analysis: Moving Toward Multiattribute Determination Via Individual Markers, Morgan Eldridge
Fingerprint Analysis: Moving Toward Multiattribute Determination Via Individual Markers, Morgan Eldridge
Chemistry
Forensic science will be forever revolutionized if law enforcement can identify personal attributes of a person of interest solely from a fingerprint. For the past five years, the goal of the Halamek Lab has been to establish a way to identify originator attributes. Specifically, biological sex has been accomplished and the ultimate goal is to continue to accomplish this using a single analyte for each. To date, an enzymatic assay and two chemical assays have been developed for the analysis of multiple analytes. In this thesis, an additional enzymatic assay has been developed. This time, however, the assay utilizes only …
Genetically Engineered Peptides For Light Harvesting And Folding Kinetics Studies, Aileen M. Eagleton
Genetically Engineered Peptides For Light Harvesting And Folding Kinetics Studies, Aileen M. Eagleton
Chemistry
The preparation and characterization of β-sheet forming polypeptides for use in light harvesting applications is described. The Higashiya genetic cassette strategy (HGCS) was employed in order to make DNA libraries of repetitive DNA sequences. These DNA libraries contained gene cassettes coding for proteins designed to fold into the desired secondary motif. The conditions required for peptide expression, folding and formation of micron length fibrils was determined for the purpose of photophysical characterization, such as fluorescence lifetimes and acceptor dye quantum yields. Of special interest was the investigation of an “antenna effect” under FRET illumination, the intensity of acceptor dye emission …
Forensic Identification Of Condom Lubricants By Advanced Statistical Analysis Processing Of Direct Analysis In Real Time Mass Spectrometric Data – Towards Development Of A Condom Residue Database For Forensic Science Practitioners, Allix M. Coon
Chemistry
The ability to identify condom derived trace evidence is gaining importance because of the increasing frequency with which perpetrators of sexual assault use condoms in order to avoid leaving behind incriminating DNA evidence that might link them to the crime. Although DNA remains the gold standard for sexual assault evidence, other forms of trace evidence are needed in its absence. When condoms are used, the lubricants associated with them are the trace evidence. For the lubricant residue to be useful in a forensics context, a database of chemical signatures of lubricants against which acquired evidence can be screened is required, …
Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of New Analogs Of Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (Tetrac) As Novel Angiogenesis Modulators And Their Binding Studies With Αvβ3 Integrin, Mary Adeyeye
Chemistry
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting blood vessels. Design and development of novel angiogenesis inhibitors has been validated as a target in several tumor types. Integrins are important ligands that play a critical role in the angiogenesis process, particularly blood formation and local release of vascular growth factors, and they are members of a family of cell surface receptors. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a deaminated derivative of thyroid hormone T4, is a thyroid antagonist and blocks the actions of T3 and T4 with an interaction site that is located at or near the RGD recognition site identified …
Differentiation Of Hair Using Atr Ft-Ir Spectroscopy: A Statistical Classification Of Dyed And Non-Dyed Hairs, Matthew S. Boll
Differentiation Of Hair Using Atr Ft-Ir Spectroscopy: A Statistical Classification Of Dyed And Non-Dyed Hairs, Matthew S. Boll
Chemistry
Although hair is one of the most common and abundant types of evidence found at a crime scene, the current forensic analyses employed underutilize its full potential evidentiary value. Microscopy is the fundamental technique used to analyze forensic hair evidence, but even this routine and well-accepted method has limitations. In this study, non-dyed and dyed hairs from individuals varying in race, biological sex, and age, were analyzed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy. Through the incorporation of multivariate statistical analysis, spectra collected from dyed and non-dyed hairs were differentiated with high accuracy. After hair spectra were determined …
Determining The Role Of Secondary Structure In Translational Control, Dhruv S. Patel
Determining The Role Of Secondary Structure In Translational Control, Dhruv S. Patel
Chemistry
The central dogma of cellular biology asserts that DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which in turn is translated to a protein. This simplistic conduit of gene expression is heavily regulated at multiple levels to ensure proper temporal and spatial expression of genes. One such mode of regulation occurs at the juncture at which RNAs are translated to proteins, known as translational regulation. mRNAs can be translationally regulated by trans-acting factors, such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and/or cis-acting factors. Regulation via these two modalities can depend on structure as well as RNA sequence. Secondary structures, such as stem loops, are …
Raman Spectroscopy Capabilities Of The Cbex Handheld Raman Instrument, Samantha Ingenito
Raman Spectroscopy Capabilities Of The Cbex Handheld Raman Instrument, Samantha Ingenito
Chemistry
Raman spectroscopy is a reliable, nondestructive method of identifying and distinguishing between different types of biological fluids. However, forensic studies have been restricted to indoor desktop Raman instruments when it would be optimal if Raman spectroscopic analysis could be performed at a crime scene. The CBex Handheld Raman Instrument was developed as a portable tool that could perform Raman spectroscopy outside the lab. Unfortunately, the CBex cannot obtain viable spectra of biological fluids. The handheld was compared to the Renishaw invia Raman Microscope by quantifying the signal-to-noise ratio of each by acquiring Scotch tape spectra. The handheld has a significantly …
Proof Of Concept For The Forensic Analysis Of Blood Spots To Distinguish Time Since Deposition And Relative Age Of Blood Spot Originator, Roselyn Rodrigues
Proof Of Concept For The Forensic Analysis Of Blood Spots To Distinguish Time Since Deposition And Relative Age Of Blood Spot Originator, Roselyn Rodrigues
Chemistry
In the field of forensics, blood is considered a highly useful tool. DNA found in blood is currently viewed as the best source of identifying a suspect; however, DNA analysis is mainly used as a comparative method. DNA analysis can single out a suspect they are physically present in custody or if a match is made through a database of stored profiles, such as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).1-3 There are new methods of DNA analysis that can identify a person of African/Caribbean decent, hair and eye color, and even the age of a person.4-6 However, this DNA analysis …
Effect Of Concentration, Temperature, And Base Changes On Retrovirus Dimerization, Ashley Colvin
Effect Of Concentration, Temperature, And Base Changes On Retrovirus Dimerization, Ashley Colvin
Chemistry
RNA-RNA junctions between hairpin loops are a common feature of RNA retroviruses, accounting for their high mechanical stability. Dimerization of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV) is dependent on H3 stem loop interactions, which are an example of such a junction. H3 in MMLV dimerizes via a two base pair hairpin loop enhanced by two adjacent stacking bases. All atom, explicit solvent molecular dynamics pulling simulations were performed to examine the stability of the junction. Salt concentrations and temperatures were varied and unstacking times of the flanking bases and breaking times of the kissing bonds were calculated. Survival curves revealed that …
Differentiation Of Human, Animal And Synthetic Hair By Atr Ftir Spectroscopy, Jeremy Manheim
Differentiation Of Human, Animal And Synthetic Hair By Atr Ftir Spectroscopy, Jeremy Manheim
Chemistry
Hair fibers are ubiquitous to every environment and are the most commonly found form of trace evidence at crime scenes. The primary difficulty forensic examiners face after retrieving a hair sample is determining who it came from. Currently, the methodology of microscopic examination of potential hair evidence is absent of statistical probability and is inherently subjective. Another method, involving DNA analysis, takes months to conduct and the majority of times is unsuccessful due to its degradation and absence from the hair. Here, Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy coupled with advanced statistics was used to identify a …
Charging And Self-Assembly Of Fullerene Fragments, Michael V. Ferguson
Charging And Self-Assembly Of Fullerene Fragments, Michael V. Ferguson
Chemistry
Buckybowls are bowl-shaped aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons that map onto the surface of fullerene molecules, such as C60 and C70, but lack their full closure. They are revered for their ability to undergo multiple reduction reactions, accepting several electrons, due to their degenerate and low energy LUMO orbitals. Corannulene (C20H10), the smallest buckybowl, is well known for its ability to accept up to four electrons. Many studies have been performed targeting preparation and characterization of corannulene anions using the NMR, ESR and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. Corannulene has also been found to form a solid adduct with C60 without selectivity in its …
Forensic Dna Analysis And The Validation Of Applied Biosystems 3730 Dna Analyzer And Genemapperid-X Software For Str Analysis, Carolyn Frantz
Forensic Dna Analysis And The Validation Of Applied Biosystems 3730 Dna Analyzer And Genemapperid-X Software For Str Analysis, Carolyn Frantz
Chemistry
No abstract provided.
Cu(I) Wires: Structural Polymorphism And Photoluminescence, Cristina Dubceac
Cu(I) Wires: Structural Polymorphism And Photoluminescence, Cristina Dubceac
Chemistry
Metal wires are a linear arrangement of metal centers that conduct electrical current. Linear polynuclear metal clusters are of great importance for the design of metal-rich nanomaterials and the development of theories describing metal-metal bonds. Theoretical work on metal strings is valuable in understanding their properties and discovering their potential applications as molecular wires. Linear metal atom chains can be ligand supported or unsupported. The anions of polypyridylamines have been used extensively to support linear metal chains. However, due to challenges involving the synthesis of these ligands, the longest metal chain reported contains nine metal atoms. Examples of unsupported extended …