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Emotional Responses To Honor Situations In Turkey And The U.S., Ayse K. Uskul, Susan Cross, Cansu Alozkan, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca, Zeynep Sunbay
Emotional Responses To Honor Situations In Turkey And The U.S., Ayse K. Uskul, Susan Cross, Cansu Alozkan, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca, Zeynep Sunbay
Ayse K Uskul
The main goal of the current research is to investigate emotional reactions to situations that implicate honour in Turkish and northern American cultural groups. In Studies 1A and 1B, participants rated the degree to which a variety of events fit their prototypes for honour-related situations. Both Turkish and American participants evaluated situations generated by their co-nationals as most central to their prototypes of honour-related situations. Study 2 examined emotional responses to Turkish or US-generated situations that varied in centrality to the prototype. Highly central situations and Turkish-generated situations elicited stronger emotions than less central situations and US-generated situations. Americans reported …
How Successful You Have Been In Life Depends On The Response Scale Used: The Role Of Cultural Mindsets In Pragmatic Inferences Drawn From Question Format, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman, Norbert Schwarz, Spike Lee, Alison Xu
How Successful You Have Been In Life Depends On The Response Scale Used: The Role Of Cultural Mindsets In Pragmatic Inferences Drawn From Question Format, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman, Norbert Schwarz, Spike Lee, Alison Xu
Ayse K Uskul
To respond to a question, respondents must make culturally relevant, context-sensitive pragmatic inferences about what the question means. Participants in a culture of modesty (China), a culture of honor (Turkey), and a culture of positivity (U.S.) rated their own (Study 1) or someone else’s (their parents or people their parents’ age, Study 2) success in life using either a rating scale that implied a continuum from failure to success (-5 to +5) or varying degrees of success (0 to 10). As predicted, culture and rating format interacted with rating target to influence response patterns. Americans, sensitive to the possibility of …
Honor Bound: The Cultural Construction Of Honor In Turkey And The Northern Us, Ayse K. Uskul, Susan E. Cross, Zeynep Sunbay, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca
Honor Bound: The Cultural Construction Of Honor In Turkey And The Northern Us, Ayse K. Uskul, Susan E. Cross, Zeynep Sunbay, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca
Ayse K Uskul
We tested the hypotheses that Turkish and (Northern) American cultures afford different honor-relevant situations and different responses to these situations. In Study 1, we found that honor-attacking situations generated by American participants focused more on the individual than did situations generated by Turkish participants, whereas situations generated by Turkish participants focused more on close others and involved more references to an audience than did situations generated by American participants. Moreover, the situations most frequently generated by both groups tended to also differ in nature. In Study 2, new participants evaluated these situations for their impact on the self, close others, …
Socio-Cultural Aspects Of Health And Illness, Ayse K. Uskul
Socio-Cultural Aspects Of Health And Illness, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
This chapter will provide a summary of sociocultural differences observed in various aspects of health and illness, drawing on evidence from medical anthropology and health psychology. It will then introduce a theoretical framework borrowed from cultural psychology, one frequently adopted when examining cultural differences in areas such as social behaviour, cognition and emotion, but rarely implemented when examining cultural differences in the domain of health and illness. This will be followed by some recent research originating from the area of illness cognitions, health communication and coping (use of social support), which adopts this framework to understand cultural differences.
When Message-Frame Fits Salient Cultural-Frame, Messages Feel More Persuasive, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman
When Message-Frame Fits Salient Cultural-Frame, Messages Feel More Persuasive, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman
Ayse K Uskul
The present study examines the persuasive effects of tailored health messages comparing those tailored to match (versus not match) both chronic cultural frame and momentarily salient cultural frame. Evidence from two studies (Study 1: n=72 European Americans; Study 2: n=48 Asian Americans) supports the hypothesis that message persuasiveness increases when chronic cultural frame, health message tailoring and momentarily salient cultural frame all match. The hypothesis was tested using a message about health risks of caffeine consumption among individuals prescreened to be regular caffeine consumers. After being primed for individualism, European Americans who read a health message that focused on the …
The Cultural Congruency Effect: Culture, Regulatory Focus, And The Effectiveness Of Gain- Vs. Loss-Framed Health Messages, Ayse K. Uskul, David Sherman, John Fitzgibbon
The Cultural Congruency Effect: Culture, Regulatory Focus, And The Effectiveness Of Gain- Vs. Loss-Framed Health Messages, Ayse K. Uskul, David Sherman, John Fitzgibbon
Ayse K Uskul
The present study contributes a cultural analysis to the literature on the persuasive effects of matching message frame to individuals’ motivational orientations. One experiment examines how members of cultural groups that are likely to differ in their regulatory focus respond to health messages focusing on either the benefits of flossing or the costs of not flossing. White British participants, who had a stronger promotion focus, were more persuaded by the gain-framed message, whereas East-Asian participants, who had a stronger prevention focus, were more persuaded by the loss-framed message. This cultural difference in persuasion was mediated by an interaction between individuals’ …
Motivation And Behaviour Change Following The Ban On Smoking In Public Places In England: A Prospective Community Study, Sheina Orbell, Patrick Lidierth, Caroline Henderson, Nicolas Geraert, Claudia Uller, Ayse K. Uskul, Maria Kyriakaki
Motivation And Behaviour Change Following The Ban On Smoking In Public Places In England: A Prospective Community Study, Sheina Orbell, Patrick Lidierth, Caroline Henderson, Nicolas Geraert, Claudia Uller, Ayse K. Uskul, Maria Kyriakaki
Ayse K Uskul
Objective: To examine social– cognitive change associated with behavior change after the introduction of a smoke-free public places policy. Design: Adults (N 583) who use public houses licensed to sell alcohol (pubs) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol and tobacco consumption and social– cognitive beliefs 2 months prior to the introduction of the smoking ban in England on July 1, 2007. Longitudinal follow-up (N 272) was 3 months after the introduction of the ban. Main outcome measures: Social–cognitive beliefs, daily cigarette consumption, and weekly alcohol consumption. Results: Smokers consumed considerably more alcohol than did nonsmokers at both time points. However, a significant …
Individualism And Collectivism: Societal-Level Processes With Implications For Individual-Level And Society-Level Outcomes, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul
Individualism And Collectivism: Societal-Level Processes With Implications For Individual-Level And Society-Level Outcomes, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
No abstract provided.
Ecocultural Basis Of Cognition: Farmers And Fishermen Are More Holistic Than Herders, Ayse K. Uskul, Shinobu Kitayama, Richard N. Nisbett
Ecocultural Basis Of Cognition: Farmers And Fishermen Are More Holistic Than Herders, Ayse K. Uskul, Shinobu Kitayama, Richard N. Nisbett
Ayse K Uskul
It has been proposed that social interdependence fosters holistic cognition, that is, a tendency to attend to the broad perceptual and cognitive field, rather than to a focal object and its properties, and a tendency to reason in terms of relationships and similarities, rather than rules and categories. This hypothesis has been supported mostly by demonstrations showing that East Asians, who are relatively interdependent, reason and perceive in a more holistic fashion than do Westerners. We examined holistic cognitive tendencies in attention, categorization, and reasoning in three types of communities that belong to the same national, geographic, ethnic, and linguistic …
Regulatory Fit And Health Behavior, Ayse K. Uskul, Johannes Keller, Daphna Oyserman
Regulatory Fit And Health Behavior, Ayse K. Uskul, Johannes Keller, Daphna Oyserman
Ayse K Uskul
Everyone prefers health to ill-health, though some worry more about ill health than others and for some abstract health concerns seem to pale compared with the prospect of immediate hedonic pleasures. Two studies (n = 90, n = 70) utilized a ‘fit’ in self-regulatory focus approach (Higgins, 2000) to describe when and how worrying about health (vs. focus on hedonic pleasure) is likely to lead to distinct health behaviors. According to this model, individuals differ in their self-regulatory focus –some focus on reaching safety and security through vigilant and careful action (prevention focus) and others focus on opportunities to eagerly …
Views On Interracial Dating Among European And Chinese Canadians: The Roles Of Culture, Gender, And Mainstream Cultural Identity, Ayse K. Uskul, Richard N. Lalonde, Lynda Cheng
Views On Interracial Dating Among European And Chinese Canadians: The Roles Of Culture, Gender, And Mainstream Cultural Identity, Ayse K. Uskul, Richard N. Lalonde, Lynda Cheng
Ayse K Uskul
The present study examines cross-cultural and gender differences in the norms regarding interracial dating in Chinese and European Canadians. In response to a scenario describing an interracial dating conflict between a young adult and his/her parents, Chinese Canadians gave greater support to parents than did European Canadians, who in turn gave greater support to the young adult than did Chinese Canadians. With regard to self-report measures of views on interracial dating, Chinese Canadian males showed less favorable attitudes towards interracial dating than all other groups and showed less openness to interracial dating than did European Canadian males. Among Chinese Canadians …
Unfair Treatment And Self-Regulatory Focus, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul, Nicolas Yoder, Randy Nesse, David Williams
Unfair Treatment And Self-Regulatory Focus, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul, Nicolas Yoder, Randy Nesse, David Williams
Ayse K Uskul
Ample correlational evidence exists that perceived unfair treatment is negatively related to well-being, health, and goal striving but the underlying process is unclear. We hypothesized that effects are due in part to contextual priming of prevention focus and the negative consequences of chronic prevention-focused vigilance. Indeed, reasonable responses to unfair treatment – to avoid situations in which it occurs or if this is not possible, confront it head on – fit prevention self-regulatory focus response patterns. Results from three experiments support this notion. Priming stigmatized social category membership heightened students’ prevention (not promotion) focus (n = 117). Priming non-stigmatized social …
Self-Construal And Concerns Elicited By Imagined And Real Health Problems, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie
Self-Construal And Concerns Elicited By Imagined And Real Health Problems, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie
Ayse K Uskul
In two studies we examined the relationship between self-construal and illness-related concerns. In Study 1, participants imagined themselves experiencing a health problem described in a scenario and answered closed-ended questions about the concerns that this situation would likely to elicit. The experience of social illness concerns was predicted by collective self-construal and the experience of personal illness concerns relating to the self tended to be predicted by the endorsement of individual self-construal. In Study 2, participants recalled a past health problem and related consequences, which were content-coded. Collective self-construal predicted the extent to which people mentioned issues related to others …
Interdependence As A Mediator Between Culture And Interpersonal Closeness For Euro-Canadians And Turks, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie, Richard Lalonde
Interdependence As A Mediator Between Culture And Interpersonal Closeness For Euro-Canadians And Turks, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie, Richard Lalonde
Ayse K Uskul
The present study examines cross-cultural differences in interpersonal closeness to different people and whether these differences can be explained by independent and interdependent self-construal. Turkish and Euro-Canadian samples of university students were asked to indicate how close they feel and how close they ideally would like to be to family members, romantic partners, friends and acquaintances. As predicted, Turkish participants scored higher on interdependent self-construal, whereas there was no culture difference on independent self-construal scores. Turkish participants rated their actual and ideal closeness with others higher than Euro-Canadian participants did. Both Turkish and Euro-Canadian participants reported feeling closest and ideally …
Physician-Patient Interaction: A Gynecology Clinic In Turkey, Ayse K. Uskul, Farah Ahmad
Physician-Patient Interaction: A Gynecology Clinic In Turkey, Ayse K. Uskul, Farah Ahmad
Ayse K Uskul
Evidence for gender differences in physicians’ communication with their patients comes primarily from Western countries. Little is known about whether these gender differences would also be observed in Turkey, where there are explicit rules about male-female conduct. The purpose of this study was to observe male and female gynecologists’ communication with their patients in a gynecology clinic at a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Four male and three female gynecologists were observed in their interaction with 70 patients over 10 days. The observations were conducted during both the history taking and the actual examination sessions by a woman researcher. The …