Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 1 - 14 of 14

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Repeated Intracarotid Amobarbital Tests, T. Loddenkemper, H. H. Morris, Tara T. Lineweaver, C. Kellinghaus Dec 2014

Repeated Intracarotid Amobarbital Tests, T. Loddenkemper, H. H. Morris, Tara T. Lineweaver, C. Kellinghaus

Tara T. Lineweaver

Rationale:Our goal was to determine the frequency of repeated intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) at our center and to estimate the retest reliability of the IAT for both language and memory lateralization. Methods: A total of 1,249 consecutive IATs on 1,190 patients were retrospectively reviewed for repeat tests. Results: In 4% of patients the IAT was repeated in order to deliver satisfactory information on either language or memory lateralization. Reasons for repetition included obtundation and inability to test for memory lateralization, inability to test for language lateralization, no hemiparesis during first test, no aphasia during first test, atypical vessel filling, and …


Memory Performance Is Related To Language Dominance As Determined By The Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure, S. Kovac, G. Möddel, J. Reinholz, A. Alexopoulosa, T. Syed, S. Schuele, Tara Lineweaver, T. Loddenkemper Dec 2014

Memory Performance Is Related To Language Dominance As Determined By The Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure, S. Kovac, G. Möddel, J. Reinholz, A. Alexopoulosa, T. Syed, S. Schuele, Tara Lineweaver, T. Loddenkemper

Tara T. Lineweaver

Objective

The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between language and memory lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing the intracarotid amobarbital procedure.

Methods

In 386 patients, language lateralization and memory lateralization as determined by laterality index (LI) were correlated with each other.

Results

Language lateralization and memory lateralization were positively correlated (r = 0.34, P < 0.01). Correlations differed depending on the presence and type of lesion (χ2 = 7.98, P < 0.05). LIs correlated significantly higher (z = 2.82, P < 0.05) in patients with cortical dysplasia (n = 41, r = 0.61, P < 0.01) compared with the group without lesions (n = 90, r = 0.16, P > 0.05), with patients with hippocampal sclerosis falling between these two groups. Both memory (P < 0.01) and language (P …


Hippocampal Functional Connectivity Patterns During Spatial Working Memory Differ In Right Versus Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy., Gaelle Eve Doucet, Karol Osipowicz, Ashwini Sharan Md, Michael R Sperling, Joseph I Tracy Nov 2014

Hippocampal Functional Connectivity Patterns During Spatial Working Memory Differ In Right Versus Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy., Gaelle Eve Doucet, Karol Osipowicz, Ashwini Sharan Md, Michael R Sperling, Joseph I Tracy

Gaelle Eve Doucet

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), affecting the medial temporal lobe, is a disorder that affects not just episodic memory but also working memory (WM). However, the exact nature of hippocampal-related network activity in visuospatial WM remains unclear. To clarify this, we utilized a functional connectivity (FC) methodology to investigate hippocampal network involvement during the encoding phase of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) visuospatial WM task in right and left TLE patients. Specifically, we assessed the relation between FC within right and left hippocampus-seeded networks, and patient performance (rate of correct responses) during the encoding phase of a block span WM …


Imaginings On The Edge: Myth, Mourning And Memory In Sydney's Fringe Communities, Ian C. Willis Aug 2014

Imaginings On The Edge: Myth, Mourning And Memory In Sydney's Fringe Communities, Ian C. Willis

Ian Willis

Sydney’s urban sprawl has moved across the Cumberland Plain and swallowed up former rural communities and created new suburbs on the rural-urban fringe. Urban growth has precipitated new cultural landscapes and destroyed others as the metropolitan edge makes its way across the countryside. The outer metropolitan area is a theatre for the re-making of place in fringe communities that illustrate the dynamic nature of the rural-urban frontier and the contested forces that are unleashed by urban growth.


The Self-Reference Effect In Memory: A Meta-Analysis, Cynthia S. Symons, Blair T. Johnson Aug 2014

The Self-Reference Effect In Memory: A Meta-Analysis, Cynthia S. Symons, Blair T. Johnson

Blair T. Johnson

No abstract provided.


Memory Restoration, Julianne E. Henderson Ms. Aug 2014

Memory Restoration, Julianne E. Henderson Ms.

julianne e. henderson ms.

Memory maintains the power to shape our realities: it can rewrite the past, influence our future, and it constantly informs our present. When synaptic connections fire to retrieve desired information passing between neurons, memories appear to be amorphous, fluid, and impressionable. They are not set in stone, but rather open to edits and alterations belonging to the observer in question. Our recall is like time-lapse photography, with frames lined up side by side to create a living and dynamic succession of events that are rich with colors, sounds, scents, textures, and feelings. The human mind constantly oscillates back and forth …


Visuo-Proprioceptive Interactions During Adaptation Of The Human Reach, Timothy Judkins, Robert Scheidt Aug 2014

Visuo-Proprioceptive Interactions During Adaptation Of The Human Reach, Timothy Judkins, Robert Scheidt

Robert Scheidt

We examined whether visual and proprioceptive estimates of transient (mid-reach) target capture errors contribute to motor adaptation according to the probabilistic rules of information integration used for perception. Healthy adult humans grasped and moved a robotic handle between targets in the horizontal plane while the robot generated spring-like loads that varied unpredictably from trial-to-trial. For some trials, a visual cursor faithfully tracked hand motion. In others, the handle's position was locked and subjects viewed motion of a point-mass cursor driven by hand forces. In yet other trials, cursor feedback was dissociated from hand motion or altogether eliminated. We used time- …


Semantic Memory Functional Mri And Cognitive Function After Exercise Intervention In Mild Cognitive Impairment, J Carson Smith, Kristy A. Nielson, Piero Antuono, Jeri-Annette Lyons, Ryan J. Hanson, Alissa Butts, Nathan Hantke, Matthew D. Verber Jul 2014

Semantic Memory Functional Mri And Cognitive Function After Exercise Intervention In Mild Cognitive Impairment, J Carson Smith, Kristy A. Nielson, Piero Antuono, Jeri-Annette Lyons, Ryan J. Hanson, Alissa Butts, Nathan Hantke, Matthew D. Verber

Kristy Nielson

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with early memory loss, Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, inefficient or ineffective neural processing, and increased risk for AD. Unfortunately, treatments aimed at improving clinical symptoms or markers of brain function generally have been of limited value. Physical exercise is often recommended for people diagnosed with MCI, primarily because of its widely reported cognitive benefits in healthy older adults. However, it is unknown if exercise actually benefits brain function during memory retrieval in MCI. Here, we examined the effects of exercise training on semantic memory activation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen MCI participants …


Prediction Of Cognitive Decline In Healthy Older Adults Using Fmri, John L. Woodard, Michael Seidenberg, Kristy A. Nielson, J Carson Smith, Piero Antuono, Sally Durgerian, Leslie Guidotti, Qi Zhang, Alissa Butts, Nathan Hantke, Melissa A. Lancaster, Stephen M. Rao Jul 2014

Prediction Of Cognitive Decline In Healthy Older Adults Using Fmri, John L. Woodard, Michael Seidenberg, Kristy A. Nielson, J Carson Smith, Piero Antuono, Sally Durgerian, Leslie Guidotti, Qi Zhang, Alissa Butts, Nathan Hantke, Melissa A. Lancaster, Stephen M. Rao

Kristy Nielson

Few studies have examined the extent to which structural and functional MRI, alone and in combination with genetic biomarkers, can predict future cognitive decline in asymptomatic elders. This prospective study evaluated individual and combined contributions of demographic information, genetic risk, hippocampal volume, and fMRI activation for predicting cognitive decline after an 18-month retest interval. Standardized neuropsychological testing, an fMRI semantic memory task (famous name discrimination), and structural MRI (sMRI) were performed on 78 healthy elders (73% female; mean age = 73 years, range = 65 to 88 years). Positive family history of dementia and presence of one or both apolipoprotein …


Spatial And Temporal Response Patterns On The Eight-Arm Radial Maze, Robert H.I. Dale Jun 2014

Spatial And Temporal Response Patterns On The Eight-Arm Radial Maze, Robert H.I. Dale

Robert H. I. Dale

Six maze-experienced hooded rats were timed during five trials on which they collected water from all arms of an eight-arm radial maze, then made five more choices. All subjects frequently exhibited a “task-completion pause:” The subjects rarely spent more than 1 sec in the center of the maze between choices until they had entered all eight arms, then stopped in the center of the maze. In contrast, the time spent in each arm gradually increased until all of the water had been obtained, then decreased slightly. Four subjects began every trial by choosing eight consecutive adjacent arms. The task-completion pause …


The Hippocampus As Episodic Encoder: Does It Play Tag?, Robert H.I. Dale May 2014

The Hippocampus As Episodic Encoder: Does It Play Tag?, Robert H.I. Dale

Robert H. I. Dale

Rawlins’s characterization of the hippocampus as a “high-capacity, immediate-term memory store” captures the essential idea in a number of previous models. For example, Gaffan (1974), Gray (1984), Hirsh (1980), Kesner (Bierley, Kesner & Novak 1983), Olton (Olton, Becker & Handelmann 1979), Solomon (1980), and Winocur (1980) all agree that hippocampal animals show memory deficits when required to identify, for whatever reason, one specific event out of a list of recent events. Although these authors disagree on a number of details, Rawlins has identified their models common ground, the core of each model. (It is only fair to note that Gaffan …


Cognitive Bias Modification: Past Perspectives, Current Findings, And Future Applications, Paula T. Hertel, Andrew Mathews Mar 2014

Cognitive Bias Modification: Past Perspectives, Current Findings, And Future Applications, Paula T. Hertel, Andrew Mathews

Paula T Hertel

Research conducted within the general paradigm of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) reveals that emotional biases in attention, interpretation, and memory are not merely associated with emotional disorders but contribute to them. After briefly describing research on both emotional biases and their modification, we examine similarities between CBM paradigms and older experimental paradigms used in research on learning and memory. We also compare the techniques and goals of CBM research to other approaches to understanding cognition/emotion interactions. From a functional perspective, the CBM tradition reminds us to use experimental tools to evaluate assumptions about clinical phenomena and more generally, about causal …


Baseline Experience With Modified Mini Mental State Exam: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (Whims), Stephen Rapp, Mark Espeland, Patricia Hogan, Beverly Jones, Elizabeth Dugan Feb 2014

Baseline Experience With Modified Mini Mental State Exam: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (Whims), Stephen Rapp, Mark Espeland, Patricia Hogan, Beverly Jones, Elizabeth Dugan

Elizabeth Dugan

The Modified Mini Mental State Exam (3MS) is widely used for screening global cognitive functioning, however little is known about its performance in clinical trials. We report the distribution of 3MS scores among women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and describe differences in these scores associated with age, education, and ethnicity. The 3MS exams were administered to 7,480 women aged 65-80 who had volunteered for and were eligible for a clinical trial on postmenopausal hormone therapy. General linear models were used to describe demographic differences among scores. Factor analysis was used to characterize the correlational structure …


All Things Were Working Together For My Deliverance: The Life And Times Of Twelve Years A Slave, Mary Niall Mitchell Jan 2014

All Things Were Working Together For My Deliverance: The Life And Times Of Twelve Years A Slave, Mary Niall Mitchell

Mary Niall Mitchell

No abstract provided.