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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
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Green Geosequestration: Secure Carbon Sequestration Via Plant Silica Biomineralisation, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Green Geosequestration: Secure Carbon Sequestration Via Plant Silica Biomineralisation, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Forensics Report, Jeffrey Parr, Kathryn Taffs
Phytolith-Occluded Carbon And The Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Phytolith-Occluded Carbon And The Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In West New Britain, Png, William Boyd, Carol Lentfer, Jeffrey Parr, C Jago
Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In West New Britain, Png, William Boyd, Carol Lentfer, Jeffrey Parr, C Jago
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Once, Twice Maybe, But Not Three Times: Reheating Xanthorrhoea Australis Resin - Not Viable, Jeffrey Parr
Once, Twice Maybe, But Not Three Times: Reheating Xanthorrhoea Australis Resin - Not Viable, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
Hafting is a process in which a handle is attached to a stone tool adding to its functionability andlor ease of use. This was nonnalIy achieved by using a resinous plant exudate as a fIxative (Flood 1995:270) which was heated and then fashioned into place (Cribb and Cribb 1982:89). The resin may also have been reinforced with other materials such as grass, beeswax and fme sand (Cribb and Cribb 1982:89). A large range of stone tools have retained evidence of hafting in the fonn of resins long after separation or deterioration of handles due to taphonomic processes. These tools range …
Archaeobotany In Australia And New Guinea: Practice, Potential And Prospects, Tim Denham, Jennifer Atchison, Jeremy Austin, Sheahan Bestel, Doreen Bowdery, Alison Crowther, Nic Dolby, Andrew Fairbairn, Judith Field, Amanda Kennedy, Carol Lentfer, Carney Matheson, Sue Nugent, Jeffrey Parr, Matiu Prebble, Gail Robertson, Jim Specht, Robin Torrence, Huw Barton, Richard Fullagar, Simon Haberle, Mark Horrocks, Tara Lewis, Peter Matthews
Archaeobotany In Australia And New Guinea: Practice, Potential And Prospects, Tim Denham, Jennifer Atchison, Jeremy Austin, Sheahan Bestel, Doreen Bowdery, Alison Crowther, Nic Dolby, Andrew Fairbairn, Judith Field, Amanda Kennedy, Carol Lentfer, Carney Matheson, Sue Nugent, Jeffrey Parr, Matiu Prebble, Gail Robertson, Jim Specht, Robin Torrence, Huw Barton, Richard Fullagar, Simon Haberle, Mark Horrocks, Tara Lewis, Peter Matthews
Jeffrey Parr
Archaeobotany is the study of plant remains from archaeological contexts. Despite Australasian research being at the forefront of several methodological innovations over the last three decades, archaeobotany is now a relatively peripheral concern to most archaeological projects in Australia and New Guinea. In this paper, many practicing archaeobotanists working in these regions argue for a more central role for archaeobotany in standard archaeological practice. An overview of archaeobotanical techniques and applications is presented, the potential for archaeobotany to address key historical research questions is indicated, and initiatives designed to promote archaeobotany and improve current practices are outlined. ,
Management Of Silica Biomineralisation In Crops To Enhance Soil Carbon Sequestration In Agro-Ecosystems, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Management Of Silica Biomineralisation In Crops To Enhance Soil Carbon Sequestration In Agro-Ecosystems, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Morphometric And Visual Fossil Phytolith Identification Using A Regionally Specific Digital Database, Jeffrey Parr
Morphometric And Visual Fossil Phytolith Identification Using A Regionally Specific Digital Database, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
The Identification Of Xanthorrhoea Resins By Starch Morphology: Prospects For Archaeological And Taxonomic Applications, Jeffrey Parr
The Identification Of Xanthorrhoea Resins By Starch Morphology: Prospects For Archaeological And Taxonomic Applications, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
For Australian Aboriginal people plant resins have played an important role in both trade and the manufacture of hafted tools. In particular, the resins of theXanthorrhoea species were widely distributed and favored resources. The aim of this pilot study was to: (1) determine if starch grains were present in all of theXanthorrhoea resin samples examined, and (2) determine the feasibility of discriminating between resins of differentXanthorrhoea species by the morphological attributes of their starch grains. The results established that starch grains were present within all of theXanthorrhoea species resins that were examined. Moreover, for the purpose of identifying resins from …
Morphological Characteristics Observed In The Leaf Phytolith Of Select Gymnosperms Of Eastern Australia, Jeffrey Parr, Loraine Watson
Morphological Characteristics Observed In The Leaf Phytolith Of Select Gymnosperms Of Eastern Australia, Jeffrey Parr, Loraine Watson
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Starch In Resins, Jeffrey Parr
Increasing Long Term Soil Carbon Sequestration In Agriculture And Forestry, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Increasing Long Term Soil Carbon Sequestration In Agriculture And Forestry, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
Terrestrial carbon sequestration is fundamental to the global carbon cycle and is being utilised to counter increases in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Although soil organic carbon dominates the terrestrial carbon cycle in terms of total quantity, the long term sequestration of soil organic carbon in the Holocene was relatively low (<1 % of net primary production). Consequently there is a viewpoint that soil has a low carbon storage potential and hence only a relatively minor role to play in countering anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Long term (decades to millennia) soil organic carbon sequestration mechanisms are currently thought to be mainly due to the physical protection of chemically recalcitrant organic matter within clays. Recent research is presented here to show that some forms of soil organic carbon (e.g. that occluded in phytoliths) are not readily physically accessible to the agents responsible for decomposition and that these forms also play a major role in long term soil organic carbon sequestration. Phytoliths (literally ‘plant rocks') are silicified features that form as a result of biomineralization within plants. The occlusion of carbon within phytoliths has been recently found to be an important process in the long-term sequestration of terrestrial carbon (Parr & Sullivan, 2005). Moreover, relative to the other soil organic carbon constituents, the carbon occluded in phytoliths (PhytOC) is highly resistant against decomposition. Although comprising < 10 % of the total carbon pool in contemporary topsoils (with ages of < 200 years), the resistance of this carbon fraction against decomposition processes resulted in this carbon fraction comprising 70 % of the total carbon pool in the buried topsoils after decomposition for 3,000 years in soils under grasslands. The carbon in phytoliths is sequestered over the geological time scale rather than the anthropological. Experimental and modelled data presented here indicates that the long term carbon sequestration potential of soil can be increased considerably in areas under managed vegetation (e.g. crops) by the adoption of simple agronomic and silvicultural practices.
The Potential Of Soil To Securely Sequestrate Carbon: Expanding The Horizon, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
The Potential Of Soil To Securely Sequestrate Carbon: Expanding The Horizon, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Carbon Sequestration In Plantstones, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan
Carbon Sequestration In Plantstones, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Encapsulation Of A Long-Lived Carbon Fraction In Phytoliths, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan, Robert Quirk
Encapsulation Of A Long-Lived Carbon Fraction In Phytoliths, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan, Robert Quirk
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Carbon Bio-Sequestration Within The Phytoliths Of Economic Bamboo Species, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan, Bihua Chen, Gongfu Ye, Zheng Wiepeng
Carbon Bio-Sequestration Within The Phytoliths Of Economic Bamboo Species, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan, Bihua Chen, Gongfu Ye, Zheng Wiepeng
Jeffrey Parr
The rates of carbon bio-sequestration within silica phytoliths of the leaf litter of 10 economically important bamboo species indicates that (a) there is considerable variation in the content of carbon occluded within the phytoliths (PhytOC) of the leaves between different bamboo species, (b) this variation does not appear to be directly related to the quantity of silica in the plant but rather the efficiency of carbon encapsulation by the silica. The PhytOC content of the species under the experimental conditions ranged from 1.6% to 4% of the leaf silica weight. The potential phytolith carbon bio-sequestration rates in the leaf-litter component …
Waste Reduction And Value Adding During Fossil Phytolith Extraction And Palaeo-Environmental Analysis Of Volcanic Sediments And Tephra Using Microwave Digestion And Icpms, Jeffrey Parr, K Farrugia
Waste Reduction And Value Adding During Fossil Phytolith Extraction And Palaeo-Environmental Analysis Of Volcanic Sediments And Tephra Using Microwave Digestion And Icpms, Jeffrey Parr, K Farrugia
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Microwave Extraction Of Starch, Jeffrey Parr
Spatial Patterning Of A Lapita Landscape At An Archaeological Site In West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, Jeffrey Parr, Carol Lentfer, William Boyd
Spatial Patterning Of A Lapita Landscape At An Archaeological Site In West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, Jeffrey Parr, Carol Lentfer, William Boyd
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
Spatial Analysis Of Fossil Phytolith Assemblages At An Archaeological Site In West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, Jeffrey Parr, Carol Lentfer, William Boyd
Spatial Analysis Of Fossil Phytolith Assemblages At An Archaeological Site In West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, Jeffrey Parr, Carol Lentfer, William Boyd
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Heavy Liquid Floatation And Microwave Digestion Techniques For The Extraction Of Fossil Phytoliths From Sediments, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
This paper reports the results of a comparative analysis of two techniques used for the extraction of fossil phytoliths from sediments. The first is a standard heavy liquid floatation extraction technique that has been successfully used and proven to provide reliable phytolith assemblage data. A second technique using a Perkin-Elmer Multiwave Microwave Sample Preparation System is introduced, and the results are compared to those of the conventional technique. Results for both techniques, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their use are discussed. This study provides an introduction to an alternative technique for the extraction of fossil phytoliths and …
Phytolith And Starch Analysis Of Sediment Samples From Two Archaeological Sites On Dauar Island, Torres Strait, Northeastern Australia, Jeffrey Parr, M Carter
Phytolith And Starch Analysis Of Sediment Samples From Two Archaeological Sites On Dauar Island, Torres Strait, Northeastern Australia, Jeffrey Parr, M Carter
Jeffrey Parr
Current archaeological research suggests that first human occupation of the Torres Strait Islands occurred sometime between 2500 and 3000 cal b.p., and evidence indicates that the development of agricultural mound-and-ditch systems occurred there after 1200 cal b.p. Although archaeological remains testify to the existence of a marine based subsistence economy prior to 1200 cal b.p., the potential presence of earlier prehistoric horticultural signatures has yet to be adequately examined. This study investigates such evidence through a preliminary application of fossil phytolith and starch grain analysis using excavated sediments from two archaeological sites on Dauar Island, eastern Torres Strait. The results …
Effect Of Fire On Phytolith Coloration, Jeffrey Parr
Effect Of Fire On Phytolith Coloration, Jeffrey Parr
Jeffrey Parr
Dark-colored phytoliths are often found preserved in paleosols and archaeological sediments. Some practitioners believe these darkened phytoliths provide evidence of fire histories, while others suggest alternative reasons for their occurrence. This study examines the effect of fire on phytolith appearance and discusses the extent to which color may be used as proxy evidence for fire. The results of this study demonstrate that under oxidative conditions of openair fire, the color of phytoliths can be altered, although dark-colored phytoliths also occur naturally in some unburned plant species. Despite some overlap observed between burned and unburned color in phytoliths, clear differences are …
Geochemistry (Δ13c, Δ15n, 13c Nmr) And Residence Times ( 14c And Osl) Of Soil Organic Matter From Red-Brown Earths Of South Australia: Implications For Soil Genesis, Evelyn Krull, Erick Bestland, Jan Skjemstad, Jeffrey Parr, A Mee
Geochemistry (Δ13c, Δ15n, 13c Nmr) And Residence Times ( 14c And Osl) Of Soil Organic Matter From Red-Brown Earths Of South Australia: Implications For Soil Genesis, Evelyn Krull, Erick Bestland, Jan Skjemstad, Jeffrey Parr, A Mee
Jeffrey Parr
Soil forming processes important to the development of Red-Brown Earths (duplex soils) in southeastern Australia have been investigated by a combination of techniques, including isotopic (δ13C, δ15N, 14C), spectroscopic (13C NMR, MIR), optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) and phytolith analyses. A distinct increase in clay content, corresponding changes in the abundance of major elements, as well as changes in organic chemistry (13C NMR), stable isotope trends (δ13C, δ15N), and phytolith abundance, are apparent in the transition from the very sandy A horizon to the clayey B horizon in three soil profiles from the Coonawarra–Padthaway region of South Australia. These structural …
Human Adaptive Responses To Catastrophic Landscape Disruptions During The Holocene, Numundo, Png, Jeffrey Parr, William Boyd, Vicki Harriott, Robin Torrence
Human Adaptive Responses To Catastrophic Landscape Disruptions During The Holocene, Numundo, Png, Jeffrey Parr, William Boyd, Vicki Harriott, Robin Torrence
Jeffrey Parr
Prehistoric land use and social activity in West New Britain, PNG, are well documented, although the landscapes – largely shaped by catastrophic volcanic eruptions – in which these took place, and the relationships people had with these landscapes, are poorly understood. We define the evolving landscape at Numundo, from prior to the Witori-Kimbe 2 eruption (W-K2, ca. 3600 BP) to after the Witori-Kimbe 4 eruption (W-K4, ca. 1400 BP), using fossil phytolith and coral evidence at eight archaeological sites to provide environmental evidence of the human responses to periodic catastrophic events. From ca. 5900 to 3600 BP, all the sites …