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Optimizing Neural Network Architecture Using Kernel Principal Component Analysis, Saige Simcox
Optimizing Neural Network Architecture Using Kernel Principal Component Analysis, Saige Simcox
Theses and Dissertations
Neural networks have proven to be powerful tools for modeling a wide range of problems across applications. However, one of the challenges in implementing a neural network model lies in determining the neural network architecture, i.e. the appropriate number of hidden layers and the number of neurons per hidden layer. It has been suggested that one way to determine the number of hidden layers is by using information on the variability captured by each principal component. In this research, we expand on this idea and propose a new approach to determine the neural network architecture for a multilayer perceptron used …
Development Of A Haptic System For Robot-Assisted Femur Fracture Surgery, Fayez H. Alruwaili
Development Of A Haptic System For Robot-Assisted Femur Fracture Surgery, Fayez H. Alruwaili
Theses and Dissertations
Robot-assisted surgery has emerged within the field of surgical technology, driven by the need for greater accuracy and speed in the ongoing evolution of healthcare. This advancement has influenced numerous areas requiring enhancements to achieve optimal surgical results. However, surgical robotics tends to lack the surgeon’s connection to the operation, creating a gap in the intuitive skill set required for successful operations. The gap is seen through the lack of sense of touch, which may result in tissue damage and additional injury when the robot interacts with the patient. Furthermore, challenges faced during femur fracture surgery have positioned robot-assisted surgery …
Injectable Hydrogels That Can Measure Radiation At Body Temperature, Daniel Joseph Ball
Injectable Hydrogels That Can Measure Radiation At Body Temperature, Daniel Joseph Ball
Theses and Dissertations
Hydrogel-based radiation dosimeters are used to calibrate and validate radiation delivered by linear accelerators used in radiotherapy. Specifically, Fricke hydrogel-based dosimeters containing ferrous ion complexes oxidize upon exposure to radiation, leading to a change in optical density that can be measured via a color change in a photometric reagent. While gelatin-based Fricke hydrogels are routinely used to measure radiation, these hydrogels are unstable at body temperature, and it is currently not possible to noninvasively measure radiation dose inside a patient. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of self-forming hydrogels containing Fricke components that are stable at body temperature. The …
School Administrators Making Sense Of Wellness Issues And Technology Policy: A Qualitative Instrumental Case Study, Allyson Michelle Rose
School Administrators Making Sense Of Wellness Issues And Technology Policy: A Qualitative Instrumental Case Study, Allyson Michelle Rose
Theses and Dissertations
Technology use has been identified as a key contributor to the decrease in youth mental health (Children’s Bureau, 2019; Lebrun-Harris et al., 2022; Dwyer, 2022; Mojtabai et al., 2016; Yasakci, 2019; Odgers & Jensen, 2020). The purpose of this qualitative instrumental case study was to investigate how school district administrators are addressing wellness issues that are developing in elementary aged students due to technology use. The intent of this study was to use the theory of sensemaking (Weick, 1995) to investigate how administrators create policies that respond to the current wellness crisis arising from technology usage in public elementary school …
Nanofiber-Hydrogel Composite Scaffold Fabrication Methods For Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Jacob Lee Carter
Nanofiber-Hydrogel Composite Scaffold Fabrication Methods For Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Jacob Lee Carter
Theses and Dissertations
Nerve graft conduits (NGCs) are a rapidly advancing field for treating peripheral nerve injuries that aim to guide the growth of regenerating axons across damaged gaps. A more effective NGC can be manufactured by combining the use of nanofibers to act as guidewires within a 3-D hydrogel that imitates the extracellular matrix of nerve tissue. Several methods have been developed to embed aligned nanofibers in an ordered architecture within a hydrogel matrix. The first method involves layer-by-layer additive manufacturing to create NGCs with rows of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers surrounded by a gelatin methacrylate (GelMe) hydrogel in a 3-D structure. A …
Identifying School-Wide Inequities: Action Research Conducted Using An Equity Audit To Inform Annual School Planning For A Pre-K–8 School, Janine Casella
Identifying School-Wide Inequities: Action Research Conducted Using An Equity Audit To Inform Annual School Planning For A Pre-K–8 School, Janine Casella
Theses and Dissertations
This action research study aims to identify and address equity gaps within a PK-8 New Jersey school by leading a professional learning community (PLC). The study will use action research methods to conduct an educational equity audit, which will inform the annual school plan and create a leadership action plan to stimulate organizational change. Traditionally, teachers at the research site have used Data-Driven Decision Making (DDDM) cycles, but this study will integrate Critical Data-Driven Decision Making (CDDDM) cycles, including an equity audit analyzed in PLCs. The audit will identify patterns of inequity and identify strategies to address them. The study …
Deciphering Evolutionary Co-Option By Studying The Origin Of Self-Fertility In Caenorhabditis Nematodes, Jonathan P. Harbin
Deciphering Evolutionary Co-Option By Studying The Origin Of Self-Fertility In Caenorhabditis Nematodes, Jonathan P. Harbin
Theses and Dissertations
In my research, I examined the characteristics of male and female sex-determination mutants in C. nigoni and investigated the regulatory pathway they define. This work tested whether flexibility in the sex-determination pathway was a preexisting condition that favored the origin of self-fertility in Caenorhabditis. Furthermore, I developed an approach for using interspecies hybrid mutants to assess the robustness of the C. nigoni pathway. My findings showed that the C. nigoni pathway is highly robust and canalized, suggesting that changes leading to self-fertility must have involved the impairment of this canalization in the germ line, to allow eventual alteration of germ …
Development Of Bio-Based Organogels For The Replacement Of Silicone Elastomers In Cosmetic & Personal Care Applications, Courtney A. Lemasney
Development Of Bio-Based Organogels For The Replacement Of Silicone Elastomers In Cosmetic & Personal Care Applications, Courtney A. Lemasney
Theses and Dissertations
Silicone elastomers (SE) are a major component in many cosmetic and personal care products, providing excellent spreading properties, leaving a dry, silky feel on the skin. Unfortunately, the manufacturing of silicone is a high energy consuming process, and these products are not biodegradable. Capryloyl/glycerin/sebacic acid (CGS) copolymers are an economical, nontoxic platform for synthesizing bio-based materials with tailored properties. These polyester networks are formed through esterification with water as its only side product. By altering feed ratios and reaction conditions, final products can vary from branched fluids to highly crosslinked elastomers. This thesis investigated controlling the crosslink density of the …
Incorporating Culturally Relevant Practices To Improve Self-Efficacy And Engagement For Students With Disability Labels, Jennifer Chestnut Zingaro
Incorporating Culturally Relevant Practices To Improve Self-Efficacy And Engagement For Students With Disability Labels, Jennifer Chestnut Zingaro
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of middle school students with disability labels in the pull-out resource ELA setting when their teacher included culturally relevant practices. This study utilized qualitative teacher research inquiry methods, and data collection methods included student surveys, teacher journaling of class discussions and observations, and examination of student work samples. This study came about through the lack of culturally relevant pedagogy in the segregated, special education middle school ELA program. Students with disability labels who test below grade level on standardized assessments are placed in a small group, homogeneous classroom with …
Dissecting The Interplay Of Protein Synthesis And Degradation Pathways In Cellular Adaptation To Stress, Brittany Friedson
Dissecting The Interplay Of Protein Synthesis And Degradation Pathways In Cellular Adaptation To Stress, Brittany Friedson
Theses and Dissertations
Adaptation to stress requires cells to reprogram transcription, translation, and proteolytic pathways. Although much is known about the response of each program, it remains unclear how they coordinate following stress. My studies in S. cerevisiae identified the Cdk8 kinase module (CKM) of the Mediator complex as a new player in coordinating these processes. It is well established that the CKM consists of four highly conserved proteins (cyclin C, its cognate kinase Cdk8, and two structural proteins Med12 and Med13) and predominantly represses a subset of stress responsive genes in yeast. We demonstrated for the first time that the CKM also …
Low-Power Sensor Design And Fusion To Edge Devices For High-Speed Object Detection And Enhanced Soldier Situational Awareness, Scott Patrick Wood
Low-Power Sensor Design And Fusion To Edge Devices For High-Speed Object Detection And Enhanced Soldier Situational Awareness, Scott Patrick Wood
Theses and Dissertations
Threat detection and physiological monitoring of soldiers from fused sensor data collected in real time is currently limited to running deep neural networks with substantial computing needs. The lack of data acquisition from sensor readings and efficient detection of novel enemy signatures motivates the need for a low-power, low-cost, wireless multisensor fusion computing system. We propose the current trends in Internet of Things to deploy a chargeable, wireless multi-channel acquisition system that can be interfaced to a high speed, Single Board Computer (SBC) such as the NVIDIA Jetson Orin capable of running object detection models, such as YOLOv7-tiny to enable …
A Novel Perfused Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model To Assess Rapid Mechanical Properties Changes After Blood Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown, Laura De Marchi
A Novel Perfused Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model To Assess Rapid Mechanical Properties Changes After Blood Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown, Laura De Marchi
Theses and Dissertations
Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption exacerbates the tissue damage caused by spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanisms and dynamics of how the barrier breakdown affects the mechanical properties of the tissue remain unclear. The perfused bovine ex vivo indentation injury model described here represents a new platform to investigate the short-term effects of altered blood flow and vascular permeability following traumatic spinal cord injury. Our results indicate that injured cords exhibit changes to bulk perfusion, as evidenced by laser speckle contrast imaging, in addition to decreased barrier function shortly after injury. Indentation tests that simultaneously simulate a crush injury …
The Impact Of Social Emotional Learning And Trauma Informed Care On Teacher Well-Being And Capacity In The Classroom., Kathleen Kelley Michalowski
The Impact Of Social Emotional Learning And Trauma Informed Care On Teacher Well-Being And Capacity In The Classroom., Kathleen Kelley Michalowski
Theses and Dissertations
Educators and students have encountered significant challenges, including illness and loss within their families due to events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Traumatic events, like disasters, can greatly disrupt a community's functioning, resulting in widespread losses that surpass the community's ability to cope. Trauma-informed care (TIC) acknowledges that individuals are likely to have a history of trauma and aims to respond appropriately to minimize the likelihood of further trauma. By implementing trauma-sensitive routines and promoting social-emotional learning (SEL) for both students and educators, we can offer them more opportunities for success and emotional growth. It's important to recognize that educators' …
Incorporating Diverse Multimodal Texts Within A Seventh Grade Language Arts Classroom To Increase Comprehension Accessibility And Improve Engagement, Kaitlin Maher
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines if diverse, multimodal texts have an effect upon student engagement while increasing comprehension for students with varied learning styles. Applicable theories that gave direction to this research study were Multiliteracies Pedagogy, Culturally Responsive Teaching, Funds of Knowledge, and Constructivism. Throughout the unit’s duration, students were instructed with various types of multimodal texts that included song, video, graphic novels, and performance while also working with modern authentic, diverse traditional texts. Students were also given a choice of mode in how to respond and demonstrate understanding. The qualitative research study analyzed data sources such as student surveys; my teacher …
A Social Ecology Model For Social Determinants Of Health As Psychosis Risk Factors, Katie Beck-Felts
A Social Ecology Model For Social Determinants Of Health As Psychosis Risk Factors, Katie Beck-Felts
Theses and Dissertations
Social determinants of health (SDOHs) significantly impact psychosis risk beyond heritability. However, there is a need for an organizing framework to observe how these diverse elements concurrently predict psychosis risk. This study examines SDOHs as psychosis risk factors using a four-level model, aligned with Bronfenbrenner's social ecology theory. The study aims to assess the proposed model’s ability to predict psychosis risk. Specifically, it is hypothesized that each socioecological level of the model would predict psychosis risk with more proximal SDOHs (e.g., individual level vs community) exhibiting stronger predictive power, aligning with Social Ecology theory. College students (N = 210) completed …
Associations Between Coping Style And Perceptions Of Web-Delivered Physical Activity Messages Among Women In Midlife With Cardiovascular Health Risks, Kristen Pasko
Theses and Dissertations
Midlife women are at unique risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and benefit from increasing physical activity (PA). Many PA interventions involve social support, though fail to address related processes such as social comparison. Desire for specific types of social support and comparison may represent emotion-focused versus problem-solving coping, though little is known about women’s preferences for/responses to these coping opportunities. The present study examined women’s selections of PA content in a digital environment. Over 7 days, women in midlife ≥1 CVD risk factor (N = 60, MAge = 50.70, SD = 5.89) wore a PA monitor and visited a proprietary …
Investigating The Role Of Betrayal Blindness Between High Betrayal Trauma And Dating Violence Among Young Mothers Maltreated As Children, Lauren Catherine Wallace
Investigating The Role Of Betrayal Blindness Between High Betrayal Trauma And Dating Violence Among Young Mothers Maltreated As Children, Lauren Catherine Wallace
Theses and Dissertations
Young mothers experience greater rates of dating violence (DV) victimization and perpetration compared to their non-parenting, female peers as well as older mothers (Joly & Connolly, 2016). Child maltreatment is a salient predictor of DV victimization and perpetration (Li et al., 2019; Murphy et al., 2020). According to Betrayal Trauma Theory (BTT), child maltreatment perpetrated by a close loved one, such as a parent or primary caregiver, is defined as a high betrayal trauma (Freyd, 1996). Young mothers who experienced a high betrayal trauma may endorse betrayal blindness as a way to cope with abuse from their caregiver (Freyd & …
Design And Implementation Of Truly Random Number Generation Using Memristors For In-Memory Computing, Nick Felker
Design And Implementation Of Truly Random Number Generation Using Memristors For In-Memory Computing, Nick Felker
Theses and Dissertations
This paper proposes a new security module based on non-volatile memory. The module uses a memristor-based true random number generator to generate random numbers which can be used for cryptography. The module is implemented in software using a modified RISC-V instruction set architecture. The paper evaluates the performance of the module using the RISC-V simulator Gem5. The results show that the module can generate random numbers at a rate of 63 microseconds per number, which is faster than the standard C library’s random number generator. The module can also be used to scramble strings of characters and generate hashes of …
Students Speak: A Qualitative Examination Of The Intersection Of Identity And Sexual Violence In A University Setting, Danika M. Charles
Students Speak: A Qualitative Examination Of The Intersection Of Identity And Sexual Violence In A University Setting, Danika M. Charles
Theses and Dissertations
Sexual violence remains a public health concern in the United States. Much of the research has focused on gender-binary individuals, despite the heightened vulnerability of Black, transgender, and nonbinary (BTN) individuals due to societal stigma and discrimination. Campus climate surveys have been recommended by the Obama Administration to address sexual violence, though they often underrepresent BTN students, failing to capture their unique experiences. This study aims to bridge this gap by focusing on the intersection of gender and racial identities, using an intersectional stigma framework to explore the prevalence and impact of sexual violence on BTN students and advocate for …
Hierarchical Quantized Autoencoders: Using Hierarchical Models For Data Compression Across Multiple Domains, Armani Lorenzo Rodriguez
Hierarchical Quantized Autoencoders: Using Hierarchical Models For Data Compression Across Multiple Domains, Armani Lorenzo Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
In the era of vast data processing and transmission, sending data over a channel for downstream operations is a very common occurrence. The bandwidth of this data channel acts as a limiting factor in this operation, capping the amount of data that can be sent over a time period. Therefore, in addition to pursuing advancements in networking technology, there exists a need for more efficient means of data compression. Learned compression is the application of machine learning models to the data compression problem, and in this study, we leverage the ability of neural networks to learn the underlying structure of …
Black Men Who Participate In An Urban Community College Men Of Color Initiative: A Phenomenological Study, Steven Hardy
Black Men Who Participate In An Urban Community College Men Of Color Initiative: A Phenomenological Study, Steven Hardy
Theses and Dissertations
This phenomenological study explored the perceptions and experiences of Black men who participated in the MOCI. The study uncovered insights into what aspects of the program were effective and where improvements could be made according to the student participants. Employing a phenomenological design, the research identified commonalities among the participants' experiences (Creswell & Creswell, 2018; Moustakas, 1994; Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The structure of understanding surrounding participants in the MOCI program was meticulously facilitated using phenomenology (Creswell & Creswell, 2018). The interviews were not just semi-structured but also empathetic, with prepared open-ended questions followed by probing inquiries, all aimed at …
Matrix Processing With Photonic Analog Computing, James Michael Garofolo
Matrix Processing With Photonic Analog Computing, James Michael Garofolo
Theses and Dissertations
In the digital age, a wide variety of engineering problems have been solved, to a great deal of success, by digital computing techniques. The flexibility of software and relatively low cost of digital computing hardware make it an ideal starting point for solving a majority of tasks, and the numerical stability of software solutions make it highly appealing as the major workhorse for computational tasks. Despite this, many problems are actually suboptimally solved by digital methods, leading to systems with high latency, low throughput, power hungry parallel processing units and an excess of memory for discretizing sensor inputs. Computational photonic …
Assessing The Effects Of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury On Risk/Reward Decision Making And Catecholamine Associated Proteins, Christopher Knapp
Assessing The Effects Of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury On Risk/Reward Decision Making And Catecholamine Associated Proteins, Christopher Knapp
Theses and Dissertations
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disrupts cognitive processes that influence risk taking behavior; however, the effects of repetitive mild injury (rmTBI) or whether these outcomes are sex specific are unknown. Risk/reward decision making is mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is densely innervated by catecholaminergic fibers. Aberrant PFC catecholamine activity has been documented following TBI and may underlie TBI-induced risky behavior. Here, we exposed rats to sham (no injury), single, or three closed-head controlled cortical impact (CH-CCI) injuries to characterize the effects of rmTBI on 1) risk/reward decision making behavior using a probabilistic discounting task (PDT) and 2) levels …
Redefining Culture And Climate In The Alternative Setting: Dumping Grounds Or Where Students Are Found?, Joan Louise Barbagiovanni
Redefining Culture And Climate In The Alternative Setting: Dumping Grounds Or Where Students Are Found?, Joan Louise Barbagiovanni
Theses and Dissertations
This autoethnographic study aims to answer the following questions: How can a school leader design a culturally sensitive, inclusive alternative education program? What type of systemic change does an alternative school leader believe to be most effective in supporting students in attaining a high school diploma and a solid postsecondary plan to become productive members of society? What characteristics of culture and climate are most critical in an alternative school setting? The study focused on 4 years and tells how a school leader successfully changed the school culture and climate to best serve students and staff in the alternative school …
Manufacturing Of Aligned Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns For Their Enhanced Mechanical And Piezoelectric Properties, Adaugo Mary-Frances Enuka
Manufacturing Of Aligned Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns For Their Enhanced Mechanical And Piezoelectric Properties, Adaugo Mary-Frances Enuka
Theses and Dissertations
Electrospinning is a widely used technique for producing nanofibers with diverse applications. This method uses polymer solutions and strong electric fields to generate nano-sized fibers with unique properties. This study presents a novel manufacturing approach that enables the production of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofiber yarns using an automated parallel track system and an adjustable roll-to-roll collector. This research examines the impact of an automated post-drawing system on the polymer chain orientation, crystallinity, tensile strength, morphology, and piezoelectric properties of PVDF-HFP nanofiber yarn. The results reveal that the post-drawing process significantly improves molecular alignment, increases tensile strength, and enhances the …
Study Of Modified Salinomycin Analogs On Inhibition Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis And Invasion, Farnaz Malekmarzban
Study Of Modified Salinomycin Analogs On Inhibition Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis And Invasion, Farnaz Malekmarzban
Theses and Dissertations
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a more aggressive type of breast cancer which contains faster growth, higher metastasis rate and worse prognosis. The main challenge toward treatment of this type of cancer is being heterogeneous. Recently, Salinomycin (SAL) has been considered as a potential agent for triple negative breast cancer treatment. However, chemical modification of SAL is needed to improve SAL selectivity to cations and decrease its cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemically modified analogs of SAL on the viability, metastasis, Wnt pathway as well as angiogenesis of Triple negative breast cancer …
Study Of Polymer-On-Polymer Cold Spray Deposition Windows Under Apparently Similar Conditions, Ülar Tiitma
Study Of Polymer-On-Polymer Cold Spray Deposition Windows Under Apparently Similar Conditions, Ülar Tiitma
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is to explore and expand the capabilities of polymer-on-polymer cold spray demonstrated herein using polyamide 6 (PA6)-based powder and substrates. Experiments were conducted using three different cold spray systems described in this work, permitting more in-depth examination of process response to different cold spray process control parameters, such as nominal system pressure and temperature. Two specific responses of interest were the deposition window (DW) and deposition efficiency (DE) of PA6. The DW was determined by performing several sprays at different calculated particle impact velocities and temperatures. The composite result from these experiments was identification of …
An Empirical Study On Detecting And Explaining Global Structural Change In Evolving Graph Using Martingale, Tarun Teja Kairamkonda
An Empirical Study On Detecting And Explaining Global Structural Change In Evolving Graph Using Martingale, Tarun Teja Kairamkonda
Theses and Dissertations
There is a growing interest in practical applications involving networks of interacting entities such as sensor networks, social networks, urban traffic networks, and power grids, all of which can be represented using evolving graphs. Changes in these evolving graphs can signify shifts in the behavior of interacting entities or alterations in the patterns of their interactions. Identifying and detecting these changes is crucial for addressing potential challenges or opportunities in various domains. In this study, we propose an approach for detecting structure change in evolving graphs based on the martingale change detection framework on multiple graph features extracted over time. …
Potent And Selective Small Molecule Mcl-1 Inhibitor Demonstrates Anti-Myeloma Activity And Overcomes Chemotherapy Resistance, Omar Sami Faleh Al-Odat
Potent And Selective Small Molecule Mcl-1 Inhibitor Demonstrates Anti-Myeloma Activity And Overcomes Chemotherapy Resistance, Omar Sami Faleh Al-Odat
Theses and Dissertations
Despite a record number of clinical studies investigating various anti-myeloma treatments, the 5-year survival rate for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the US is only 55%, and nearly all patients relapse. Poor patient outcomes demonstrate that myeloma cells are "born to survive” which means they can adapt and evolve following treatment. Thus, new therapeutic approaches to combat survival mechanisms and target treatment resistance are required. Importantly, Mcl-1, anti-apoptotic protein, is required for the development of MM and treatment resistance. This study looks at the possibility of KS18, a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, to treat MM and overcome resistance. Our investigation demonstrates …
Implementing 1.5 Millimeter Internal Diameter Columns And A Portable Capillary Column Instrument Into Monoclonal Antibody Analytical Workflows, Benjamin Libert
Implementing 1.5 Millimeter Internal Diameter Columns And A Portable Capillary Column Instrument Into Monoclonal Antibody Analytical Workflows, Benjamin Libert
Theses and Dissertations
Using 1.5 mm inner diameter (i.d.) columns to bridge the gap between routinely used 2.1 mm i.d. columns and capillary bore columns allows for a sequential but significant increase in performance without the need for specialized equipment associated with very low dispersion liquid chromatography (LC) systems. These 1.5 mm i.d. columns balance an increase in sensitivity compared to 2.1 mm i.d. columns (theoretically doubling the time-domain peak area in mass sensitive detectors for the same mass load), while mitigating the efficiency losses due to extra-column dispersion effects that are commonly observed with 1.0 mm i.d. columns. Here, the use of …