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Articles 1 - 30 of 78
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The V1647 Orionis (Iras 05436–0007) Protostar And Its Environment, Peregrine M. Mcgehee, J. Allyn Smith, Arne A. Henden, Michael Richmond, Gillian R. Knapp, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, J. Brinkmann
The V1647 Orionis (Iras 05436–0007) Protostar And Its Environment, Peregrine M. Mcgehee, J. Allyn Smith, Arne A. Henden, Michael Richmond, Gillian R. Knapp, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, J. Brinkmann
Articles
We present Sloan Digital Sky Survey and United States Naval Observatory observations of the V1647 Ori protostar and surrounding field near NGC 2068. V1647 Ori, the likely driving source for HH 23, brightened significantly in November 2003. Analysis of SDSS imaging acquired in November 1998 and February 2002 during the quiescent state, recent USNO photometry, and published 2MASS and Gemini data shows that the color changes associated with brightening suggest an EXor outburst rather than a simple dust clearing event.
The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Xi. The Nature Of Diffuse Star Clusters In Early-Type Galaxies, Eric Peng, Patrick Côté, Andrés Jordán, John P. Blakeslee, Laura Ferrarese, Simona Mei, Michael J. West, David Merritt, Milos Milosavljević, John L. Tonry
The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Xi. The Nature Of Diffuse Star Clusters In Early-Type Galaxies, Eric Peng, Patrick Côté, Andrés Jordán, John P. Blakeslee, Laura Ferrarese, Simona Mei, Michael J. West, David Merritt, Milos Milosavljević, John L. Tonry
Articles
We use HST/ACS imaging of 100 early-type galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey to investigate the nature of diffuse star clusters (DSCs). Compared to globular clusters (GCs), these star clusters have moderately low luminosities (MV > −8) and a broad distribution of sizes (3 < rh < 30 pc), but they are principally characterized by their low mean surface brightnesses which can be more than three magnitudes fainter than a typical GC (µg > 20 mag arcsec−2). The median colors of diffuse star cluster systems are red, 1.1 < g − z < 1.6, which is redder than metal-rich GCs and often as red as the galaxy itself. Most DSC systems thus have mean ages older than 5 Gyr or else have super-solar metallicities implying that diffuse star clusters are likely to be long-lived, surviving for significant fraction of a Hubble time. We find that 12 galaxies in our sample contain a significant excess of diffuse star cluster candidates. Nine of them are morphologically classified as lenticulars (S0s), and five of them visibly contain dust. We also find a substantial population of DSCs in the halo of the giant elliptical M49, associated with the companion galaxy VCC 1199. Most DSC systems appear to be both aligned with the galaxy light and associated with galactic disks, but at the same time many lenticular galaxies do not host substantial DSC populations, and environment and clustercentric radius do not appear to be good predictors of their existence. Diffuse star clusters in our sample share similar characteristics to those identified in other nearby lenticular, spiral, and dwarf galaxies. Unlike luminous GCs, whose sizes are constant with luminiosity, DSCs are bounded at the bright end by an envelope of nearly constant surface brightness. We suggest that populations of diffuse star clusters preferentially form, survive, and coevolve with galactic disks. Their properties are broadly consistent with those of merged star cluster complexes, and we note that despite being 3–5 magnitudes brighter than DSCs, ultra-compact dwarfs have similar surface brightnesses. The closest Galactic analogs to the DSCs are the old open clusters. We suggest that if a diffuse star cluster population did exist in the disk of the Milky Way, it would be very difficult to find.
How Well Can People Use Different Color Attributes?, Hongqin Zhang, Ethan Montag
How Well Can People Use Different Color Attributes?, Hongqin Zhang, Ethan Montag
Articles
Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to analyze the role of color attributes in simple tasks involving color matching and discrimination. In Experiment I observers made color matches using three different adjustment control methods. The results showed that the Lightness, Chroma, Hue (LCH) and the Lightness, redness/greenness, blueness/yellowness ({L, r/g, y/b}) adjustment controls elicited significantly better performance than the display RGB controls in terms of both accuracy and time, but were not significantly different from each other. Expert observers performed significantly better than naive observers in terms of accuracy. Experiment II was a replication and extension of Melgosa, et al.’s experiment …
Supermassive Black Holes In Active Galactic Nuclei. Ii. Calibration Of The Black Hole Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relationship For Active Galactic Nuclei, Christopher A. Onken, Laura Ferrarese, David Merritt, Bradley M. Peterson, Richard W. Pogge, Marianne Vestergaard, Amri Wandel
Supermassive Black Holes In Active Galactic Nuclei. Ii. Calibration Of The Black Hole Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relationship For Active Galactic Nuclei, Christopher A. Onken, Laura Ferrarese, David Merritt, Bradley M. Peterson, Richard W. Pogge, Marianne Vestergaard, Amri Wandel
Articles
We calibrate reverberation-based black hole masses in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by using the correlation between black hole mass, MBH, and bulge/spheroid stellar velocity dispersion, σ[sigma]∗. We use new measurements of σ[sigma]∗ for 6 AGNs and published velocity dispersions for 10 others, in conjunction with improved reverberation mapping results, to determine the scaling factor required to bring reverberation-based black hole masses into agreement with the quiescent galaxy MBH–σ[sigma]∗ relationship. The scatter in the AGN BH masses is found to be less than a factor of 3. The current observational uncertainties preclude use of the scaling factor to discriminate between broad-line …
The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Ii. Data Reduction Procedures, Andrés Jordán, John P. Blakeslee, Eric W. Peng, Simona Mei, Patrick Côté, Laura Ferrarese, John L. Tonry, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević, Michael J. West
The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Ii. Data Reduction Procedures, Andrés Jordán, John P. Blakeslee, Eric W. Peng, Simona Mei, Patrick Côté, Laura Ferrarese, John L. Tonry, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević, Michael J. West
Articles
The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey is a large program to carry out multi-color imaging of 100 early-type members of the Virgo Cluster using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. Deep F475W and F850LP images (≈ SDSS g and z) are being used to study the central regions of the program galaxies, their globular cluster systems, and the three-dimensional structure of Virgo itself. In this paper, we describe in detail the data reduction procedures used for the survey, including image registration, drizzling strategies, the computation of weight images, object detection, the identification of globular cluster candidates, …
A Classification Of Tournaments Having An Acyclic Tournament As A Minimum Feedback Arc Set, Garth Isaak, Darren Narayan
A Classification Of Tournaments Having An Acyclic Tournament As A Minimum Feedback Arc Set, Garth Isaak, Darren Narayan
Articles
Given a tournament with an acyclic tournament as a feedback arc set we give necessary and sufficient conditions for this feedback arc set to have minimum size.
High-Resolution Slant-Angle Scene Generation And Validation Of Concealed Targets In Dirsig, Kris E. Barcomb, John Schott, Scott D. Brown, Timothy J. Hattenberger
High-Resolution Slant-Angle Scene Generation And Validation Of Concealed Targets In Dirsig, Kris E. Barcomb, John Schott, Scott D. Brown, Timothy J. Hattenberger
Articles
Traditionally, synthetic imagery has been constructed to simulate images captured with low resolution, nadirviewing sensors. Advances in sensor design have driven a need to simulate scenes not only at higher resolutions but also from oblique view angles. The primary efforts of this research include: real image capture, scene construction and modeling, and validation of the synthetic imagery in the reflective portion of the spectrum. High resolution imagery was collected of an area named MicroScene at the Rochester Institute of Technology using the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science’s MISI and WASP sensors using an oblique view angle. Three Humvees, …
Surface And Buried Landmine Scene Generation And Validation Using The Digital Imaging And Remote Sensing Image Generation Model, Erin D. Peterson, Scott D. Brown, Timothy J. Hattenberger, John R. Schott
Surface And Buried Landmine Scene Generation And Validation Using The Digital Imaging And Remote Sensing Image Generation Model, Erin D. Peterson, Scott D. Brown, Timothy J. Hattenberger, John R. Schott
Articles
Detection and neutralization of surface-laid and buried landmines has been a slow and dangerous endeavor for military forces and humanitarian organizations throughout the world. In an effort to make the process faster and safer, scientists have begun to exploit the ever-evolving passive electro-optical realm, both from a broadband perspective and a multi or hyperspectral perspective. Carried with this exploitation is the development of mine detection algorithms that take advantage of spectral features exhibited by mine targets, only available in a multi or hyperspectral data set. Difficulty in algorithm development arises from a lack of robust data, which is needed to …
A Novel Brdf Measurement Technique With Spatial Resolution-Dependent Spectral Variance, James Ii Shell, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott
A Novel Brdf Measurement Technique With Spatial Resolution-Dependent Spectral Variance, James Ii Shell, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott
Articles
Overhead spectral imaging has enabled a variety of quantitative remote sensing techniques. However, the derived surface reflectance upon which these techniques rely is generally directional and dependent upon the incident solar and receiving detector angles. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is becoming increasingly important with the development of non-nadir, multi-angle systems. A BRDF measurement approach in the visible to near infrared is described which is suitable for field use. An imaging technique measures BRDF but also enables the generation of the BRDF variability, or the bidirectional reflectance variance function (BRVF). From the measurements, the BRVF and spectral correlation statistics …
Time Restrictions In Natural Resource Management: A Dynamic And Stochastic Analysis, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Hamid Beladi
Time Restrictions In Natural Resource Management: A Dynamic And Stochastic Analysis, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Hamid Beladi
Articles
This paper provides a theoretical analysis of time restrictions in the context of natural resource management in North America. The economic inefficiencies arising from the use of time restrictions to protect natural resources have been well documented by researchers. We first show that in the presence of uncertainty about the evolution of the resource stock, time restrictions can lead to the collapse of the resource that is sought to be protected. Given this finding, in the second part of the paper, we discuss an approach to natural resource management under uncertainty in which time restrictions are used to maximize the …
Image Quality Analysis Of A Spectra-Radiometric Sparse-Aperture Model, Noah R. Block, Robert Introne, John R. Schott
Image Quality Analysis Of A Spectra-Radiometric Sparse-Aperture Model, Noah R. Block, Robert Introne, John R. Schott
Articles
Sparse aperture (SA) telescopes represent a promising technology to increase the effective diameter of an optical system while reducing overall weight and stowable size. Although conceptually explored in the literature for decades, the technology has only recently matured to the point of being reasonably considered for certain applications. In general, a sparse aperture system consists of an array of sub-apertures that are phased to synthesize a larger effective aperture. The models used to date to create predictions of sparse aperture imagery typically make use of a “gray world” assumption, where the input is a resampled black and white panchromatic image. …
Fuzzy Control With Random Delays Using Invariant Cones And Its Application To Control Of Energy Processes In Microelectromechanical Motion Devices, A. Sinha, Sergey Lyshevski
Fuzzy Control With Random Delays Using Invariant Cones And Its Application To Control Of Energy Processes In Microelectromechanical Motion Devices, A. Sinha, Sergey Lyshevski
Articles
In this paper, a class of microelectromechanical systems described by nonlinear differential equations with random delays is examined. Robust fuzzy controllers are designed to control the energy conversion processes with the ultimate objective to guarantee optimal achievable performance. The fuzzy rule base used consists of a collection of r fuzzy IF-THEN rules defined as a function of the conditional variable. The method of the theory of cones and Lyapunov functionals is used to design a class of local fuzzy control laws. A verifiably sufficient condition for stochastic stability of fuzzy stochastic microelectromechanical systems is given. As an example, we have …
N-Body Growth Of A Bahcall-Wolf Cusp Around A Black Hole, Miguel Preto, David Merritt, Rainer Spurzem
N-Body Growth Of A Bahcall-Wolf Cusp Around A Black Hole, Miguel Preto, David Merritt, Rainer Spurzem
Articles
We present a clear N-body realization of the growth of a Bahcall-Wolf f µE^1/4 (µr^−7/4) density cusp around a massive object (“black hole”) at the center of a stellar system. Our N-body algorithm incorporates a novel implementation of Mikkola-Aarseth chain regularization to handle close interactions between star and black hole particles. Forces outside the chain were integrated on a GRAPE-6A/8 special-purpose computer with particle numbers up to N = 0.25×10^6. We compare our N-body results with predictions of the isotropic Fokker-Planck equation and verify that the time dependence of the density (both configuration and phase-space) predicted by the Fokker-Planck equation …
Identification And Detection Of Gaseous Effluents From Hyperspectral Imagery Using Invariant Algorithms, Erin M. O'Donnell, David W. Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott
Identification And Detection Of Gaseous Effluents From Hyperspectral Imagery Using Invariant Algorithms, Erin M. O'Donnell, David W. Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott
Articles
The ability to detect and identify effluent gases is, and will continue to be, of great importance. This would not only aid in the regulation of pollutants but also in treaty enforcement and monitoring the production of weapons. Considering these applications, finding a way to remotely investigate a gaseous emission is highly desirable. This research utilizes hyperspectral imagery in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum to evaluate an invariant method of detecting and identifying gases within a scene. The image is evaluated on a pixel-by-pixel basis and is studied at the subpixel level. A library of target gas spectra …
Comparison Of Basis-Vector Selection Methods For Target And Background Subspaces As Applied To Subpixel Target Detection, Peter Bajorski, Emmett J. Ientilucci, John Schott
Comparison Of Basis-Vector Selection Methods For Target And Background Subspaces As Applied To Subpixel Target Detection, Peter Bajorski, Emmett J. Ientilucci, John Schott
Articles
This paper focuses on comparing three basis-vector selection techniques as applied to target detection in hyperspectral imagery. The basis-vector selection methods tested were the singular value decomposition (SVD), pixel purity index (PPI), and a newly developed approach called the maximum distance (MaxD) method. Target spaces were created using an illumination invariant technique, while the background space was generated from AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery. All three selection techniques were applied (in various combinations) to target as well as background spaces so as to generate dimensionally-reduced subspaces. Both target and background subspaces were described by linear subspace models (i.e., structured models). Generated basis …
20 Square Per Inch Graph Paper For Photographic Applications, Andrew Davidhazy
20 Square Per Inch Graph Paper For Photographic Applications, Andrew Davidhazy
Articles
Admittedly this is not an "article" but it is hopefully something that some photography student, teacher or practitioner will find useful when they can't immediately locate 20 square per inch graph paper onto which to plot (at .4 log H or Density units per inch) film or paper characteristic curves.
Temporal Variations In The Apparent Emissivity Of Various Materials, Carl Salvaggio, David P. Miller
Temporal Variations In The Apparent Emissivity Of Various Materials, Carl Salvaggio, David P. Miller
Articles
Spectral emissivity measurements gathered in the longwave infrared region of the spectrum during a recent airborne hyperspectral data collection experiment indicated that the spectral emissivity of certain organic polymers changed by as much as 10% throughout the day. Inorganic and many other organic materials that were measured at the same time during this experiment showed no change. As this was an unexpected event, a subsequent experiment was designed to make emissivity measurements of several organic and inorganic materials over a 24-hour period/diurnal cycle. The results from this experiment confirmed that certain materials showed a significant spectral emissivity variation over this …
Fibonacci And Lucas Numbers As Tridiagonal Matrix Determinants, Nathan D. Cahill, Darren Narayan
Fibonacci And Lucas Numbers As Tridiagonal Matrix Determinants, Nathan D. Cahill, Darren Narayan
Articles
There are many known connections between determinants of tridiagonal matrices and the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.
Approaching The Numerical Aperture Of Water - Immersion Lithography At 193nm, Bruce W. Smith, Anatoly Bourov, Yongfa Fan, Lena V. Zayvalova, Neal Vincent Lafferty, Frank Charles Cropanese
Approaching The Numerical Aperture Of Water - Immersion Lithography At 193nm, Bruce W. Smith, Anatoly Bourov, Yongfa Fan, Lena V. Zayvalova, Neal Vincent Lafferty, Frank Charles Cropanese
Articles
As immersion nanolithography gains acceptance for next generation device applications, experimental data becomes increasingly important. The behavior of resist materials, fluids, coatings, sources, and optical components in the presence of a water immersion media presents conditions unique compared to convention “dry” lithography. Several groups have initiated fundamental studies into the imaging, fluids, contamination, and integration issues involved with water immersion lithography at 193nm. This paper will present the status and results of the next stage of the development efforts carried out at RIT. The status of two systems are presented; a small field projection microstepper utilizing a 1.05 catadioptric immersion …
Evolution Of The Dark Matter Distribution At The Galactic Center, David Merritt
Evolution Of The Dark Matter Distribution At The Galactic Center, David Merritt
Articles
Annihilation radiation from neutralino dark matter at the Galactic center (GC) would be greatly enhanced if the dark matter were strongly clustered around the supermassive black hole (SBH). The existence of a dark-matter “spike” is made plausible by the observed, steeply-rising stellar density near the GC SBH. Here the time-dependent equations describing gravitational interaction of the dark matter with the stars are solved. Scattering of dark matter particles by stars would substantially lower the dark matter density near the GC SBH over 10 Gyr, due both to kinetic heating, and to capture of dark matter particles by the SBH. This …
Core Formation By A Population Of Massive Remnants, David Merritt, Slawomir Piatek, Simon Portegies Zwart, Marc Hemsendorf
Core Formation By A Population Of Massive Remnants, David Merritt, Slawomir Piatek, Simon Portegies Zwart, Marc Hemsendorf
Articles
Core radii of globular clusters in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds show an increasing trend with age. We propose that this trend is a dynamical effect resulting from the accumulation of massive stars and stellarmass black holes at the cluster centers. The black holes are remnants of stars with initial masses exceeding ∼ 20 - 25M⊙; as their orbits decay by dynamical friction, they heat the stellar background and create a core. Using analytical estimates and N-body experiments, we show that the sizes of the cores so produced and their growth rates are consistent with what is observed. We …
Computation Of The Ramsey Number R(B_3, K_5), Andrey Babak, Stanislaw Radziszowski, Kung-Kuen Tse
Computation Of The Ramsey Number R(B_3, K_5), Andrey Babak, Stanislaw Radziszowski, Kung-Kuen Tse
Articles
In 1989, George R. T. Hendry presented a table of two-color graph Ramsey numbers R(G,H) for all pairs of graphs G and H having five vertices, with the exception of seven cases. Until now, only two of the these open cases were solved. This work eliminates another one by computing R(B_3,K_5) = 20, where B_3 = K_2 + K_3 is the book graph of order 5. In addition, we show that for these parameters there exists a unique up to isomorphism critical graph. The results are based on computer algorithms. Among the four remaining open cases in Hendry's table, the …
Consequences Of Gravitational Radiation Recoil, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević, Marc Favata, Scott A. Hughes, Daniel E. Holz
Consequences Of Gravitational Radiation Recoil, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević, Marc Favata, Scott A. Hughes, Daniel E. Holz
Articles
Coalescing binary black holes experience an impulsive kick due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves. We discuss the dynamical consequences of the recoil accompanying massive black hole mergers. Recoil velocities are sufficient to eject most coalescing black holes from dwarf galaxies and globular clusters, which may explain the apparent absence of massive black holes in these systems. Ejection from giant elliptical galaxies would be rare, but coalescing black holes are displaced from the center and fall back on a time scale of order the half-mass crossing time. Displacement of the black holes transfers energy to the stars in the nucleus …
Possible Limits On Photon Propagation From Quantum Gravity And Space-Time Foam, Manasse R. Mbonye, Fred Adams
Possible Limits On Photon Propagation From Quantum Gravity And Space-Time Foam, Manasse R. Mbonye, Fred Adams
Articles
Many quantum gravity theories imply that the vacuum is filled with virtual black holes. This paper explores the process in which high energy photons interact with virtual black holes and decay into gravitons and photons of lower energy. The effect requires violation (or modification) of Lorentz invariance and implies that high energy photons cannot propagate over arbitrarily large distances. For the standard Planck mass and the likely form for the interaction cross section, this quantum foam limit becomes $\dist < 450$ Mpc $(\egam/10^7 {\rm GeV})^{-5}$. (Refer to PDF file for exact formula.) For quantum gravity theories that posit a lower Planck scale, the interaction rate is larger and the limit is stronger. This paper uses extant observations of gamma rays from cosmological sources to constrain this process for varying values of the Planck mass and a range of forms for the interaction cross sections.
Cosmology With Interacting Dark Energy, Manasse Mbonye
Cosmology With Interacting Dark Energy, Manasse Mbonye
Articles
The early cosmic inflation, when taken along with the recent observations that the universe is currently dominated by a low density vacuum energy, leads to at least two potential problems which modern cosmology must address. First, there is the old cosmological constant problem, with a new twist: the coincidence problem. Secondly, cosmology still lacks a model to predict the observed current cosmic acceleration and to determine whether or not there is a future exit out of this state (as previously in the inflationary case). This constitutes (what is called here) a dynamical problem. In this article a framework is proposed …
Performance Analysis Of Improved Methodology For Incorporation Of Spatial/Spectral Variability In Synthetic Hyperspectral Imagery, Neil W. Scanlan, John Schott, Scott D. Brown
Performance Analysis Of Improved Methodology For Incorporation Of Spatial/Spectral Variability In Synthetic Hyperspectral Imagery, Neil W. Scanlan, John Schott, Scott D. Brown
Articles
Synthetic imagery has traditionally been used to support sensor design by enabling design engineers to pre-evaluate image products during the design and development stages. Increasingly exploitation analysts are looking to synthetic imagery as a way to develop and test exploitation algorithms before image data are available from new sensors. Even when sensors are available, synthetic imagery can significantly aid in algorithm development by providing a wide range of "ground truthed" images with varying illumination, atmospheric, viewing and scene conditions. One limitation of synthetic data is that the background variability is often too bland. It does not exhibit the spatial and …
Latent-Image Formation In Tabular Agbr Grains: Experimental Studies, Richard Hailstone, J. French, Rene Dekeyzer
Latent-Image Formation In Tabular Agbr Grains: Experimental Studies, Richard Hailstone, J. French, Rene Dekeyzer
Articles
Five tabular-grain AgBr emulsions of varying grain thickness were studied. Two were chemically sensitized in the presence of a blue spectral sensitizing dye, whereas the other three were chemically sensitized in the presence of a green spectral sensitizing dye. A companion set of emulsions chemically sensitized in the absence of dye was also prepared. Internal image development of the unsensitized emulsions showed substantial internal image in one emulsion, but minor amounts in the other emulsions. After chemical sensitization, there was no detectable internal image in any of the emulsions. Reciprocity failure data from 10^–4 to 10^3 s showed that the …
Sulfide Centers On (111) Agbr Surfaces: Effect Of Tetraazaindene On Electronic Properties, Richard Hailstone, A. Gary Difrancesco, Monica Tyne
Sulfide Centers On (111) Agbr Surfaces: Effect Of Tetraazaindene On Electronic Properties, Richard Hailstone, A. Gary Difrancesco, Monica Tyne
Articles
Sensitometric and spectroscopic techniques are used to study the effect of 4-hydroxy- 6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene (TAI) during the sulphur sensitization of AgBr octahedra. TAI increased the speed of an oversensitized emulsion, causing it to have a speed comparable with the optimally sulfur-sensitized emulsion at high irradiance. TAI decreased the absorption by sulphide centres at 1.5 mmole concentration but not at 1 mmole. The long wavelength sensitivity (>500 nm) increased at 1 mmole TAI concentration, but decreased at 1.5 mmole TAI concentration, whereas the activation energy for this response was reduced at both TAI levels. These results are interpreted using a model …
Conversational Diagnostic Agent, Michael Yacci, Peter Lutz
Conversational Diagnostic Agent, Michael Yacci, Peter Lutz
Articles
No abstract provided.
Monolithically Integrated Si/Sige Resonant Interband Tunnel Diode/Cmos Demonstrating Low Voltage Mobile Operation, S. Sudirgo, R.P. Nandgaonkar, B. Curanovic
Monolithically Integrated Si/Sige Resonant Interband Tunnel Diode/Cmos Demonstrating Low Voltage Mobile Operation, S. Sudirgo, R.P. Nandgaonkar, B. Curanovic
Articles
The first demonstration of the monolithic integration of CMOS and Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITD) with negative differential resistance (NDR) is reported in this paper. The Si/SiGe RITDs exhibited a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) up to 2.8 and peak current density (Jp) of 0.26 kA/cm2 at room temperature. This study focused on the utilization of a pair of tunnel diodes connected in series to form a latch. Employing a FET to supply current into the latch, a RITD/NMOS monostable–bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) was realized. The latch exhibited a voltage swing of 84% at an applied supply voltage of …