Digital Commons Network^™

The Imperative To Reimagine Assisted Living, Sheryl Zimmerman, Paula C. Carder, Lindsay Schwartz, Johanna Silbersack, Helena Temkin-Greener, Kali S. Thomas, Kimberly Ward, Robert Jenkens, Liz Jensen, Alfred C. Johnson, Jed Johnson, Tim Johnston, Loretta Kaes, Paul Katz, Juliet Holt Klinger, Cathy Lieblich, Beth Mace, Kevin O'Neil, Douglas D. Pace, Kezia Scales, Robyn I. Stone, Sarah Thomas, Paul J. Williams, Keren Brown Williams

Institute on Aging Publications

Assisted living (AL) has existed in the United States for decades, evolving in response to older adults' need for supportive care and distaste for nursing homes and older models of congregate care. AL is state-regulated, provides at least 2 meals a day, around-the-clock supervision, and help with personal care, but is not licensed as a nursing home. The key constructs of AL as originally conceived were to provide person-centered care and promote quality of life through supportive and responsive services to meet scheduled and unscheduled needs for assistance, an operating philosophy emphasizing resident choice, and a residential environment with homelike …

Workflow Critical Path: A Data-Oriented Critical Path Metric For Holistic Hpc Workflows, Daniel D. Nguyen, Karen L. Karavanic

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Current trends in HPC, such as the push to exascale, convergence with Big Data, and growing complexity of HPC applications, have created gaps that traditional performance tools do not cover. One example is Holistic HPC Workflows — HPC workflows comprising multiple codes, paradigms, or platforms that are not developed using a workflow management system. To diagnose the performance of these applications, we define a new metric called Workflow Critical Path (WCP), a data-oriented metric for Holistic HPC Workflows. WCP constructs graphs that span across the workflow codes and platforms, using data states as vertices and data mutations as edges. …

Colonial Necrocapitalism, State Secrecy, And The Palestinian Freedom Tunnel, Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Stephanie Wahab

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Secrecy and the use of “secret information” as capital in the hands of the state is mobilised by affective racialised machineries, cultivated on “security” grounds. Securitised secrecy is an assemblage of concealed operations juxtaposing various forms of invasions and dispossessions. It is a central strategy in the politico-economic life of the state to increase its scope of domination. Secrecy is used and abused to entrap and penetrate political subjects and entities. This article explores the necrocapitalist utilisation of secrecy embedded in the coloniser’s attempt to distort the mind of the colonised. Built from the voices of those affected by secrecy’s …

Mass Timber Building Life Cycle Assessment Methodology For The U.S. Regional Case Studies, Hongmei Gu, Shaobo Liang, Francesca Pierobon, Maureen Puettmann, Indroneil Ganguly, Cindy Chen, Rachel Pasternack, Mark Wishnie, Susan Jones, Ian Maples

Publications, Reports and Presentations

The building industry currently consumes over a third of energy produced and emits 39% of greenhouse gases globally produced by human activities. The manufacturing of building materials and the construction of buildings make up 11% of those emissions within the sector. Whole-building life-cycle assessment is a holistic and scientific tool to assess multiple environmental impacts with internationally accepted inventory databases. A comparison of the building lifecycle assessment results would help to select materials and designs to reduce total environmental impacts at the early planning stage for architects and developers, and to revise the building code to improve environmental performance. The …

A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Potential Factors, Motivations, And Barriers Influencing Research Participation And Retention Among People Who Use Drugs In The Rural Usa, Angela T. Hetrick, April M. Young, Miriam R. Elman, Sarann Bielavitz, Rhonda L. Alexander, Morgan Brown, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, P. Todd Korthuis, Kathryn E. Lancaster

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

Despite high morbidity and mortality among people who use drugs (PWUD) in rural America, most research is conducted within urban areas. Our objective was to describe influencing factors, motivations, and barriers to research participation and retention among rural PWUD. Methods: We recruited 255 eligible participants from community outreach and community-based, epidemiologic research cohorts from April to July 2019 to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Eligible participants reported opioid or injection drug use to get high within 30 days and resided in high-needs rural counties in Oregon, Kentucky, and Ohio. We aggregated response rankings to identify salient influences, motivations, and …

Comparative Lcas Of Conventional And Mass Timber Buildings In Regions With Potential For Mass Timber Penetration, Maureen Puettmann, Francesca Pierobon, Indroneil Ganguly, Hongmei Gu, Cindy Chen, Shaobo Liang, Susan Jones, Ian Maples, Mark Wishnie

Publications, Reports and Presentations

Manufacturing of building materials and construction of buildings make up 11% of the global greenhouse gas emission by sector. Mass timber construction has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by moving wood into buildings with designs that have traditionally been dominated by steel and concrete. The environmental impacts of mass timber buildings were compared against those of functionally equivalent conventional buildings. Three pairs of buildings were designed for the Pacific Northwest, Northeast and Southeast regions in the United States to conform to mass timber building types with 8, 12, or 18 stories. Conventional buildings constructed with concrete and steel …

Working Paper No. 53, Mexico Under Neoliberalism, Daniela M. Ávila Arévalo

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that a set of policies that can be identified as ‘neoliberalism’ has generated observable effects on the economy and society of Mexico. Initiated during the last decades of the twentieth century, a combination of external and internal interests led to the implementation of neoliberal policies. The marketization of Mexico’s economy during the 1980s and 90s consolidated ‘structural adjustments.’ Through extensive privatization of what were statist assets, combined with the deregulation of trade as well as numerous aspects of private sector activity, the Mexican economy came to rely upon a low-wage labor export-model that also undermined …

Working Paper No. 60, The Importance Of Industrial Hemp In The Early United States, Olivia Carrillo

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that in the early United States industrial hemp emerged as an important crop. In Colonial America, hemp was a desirable commodity that attracted capital investments into its cultivation and processing. Because of its durability and strength, hemp fibers had substantial worth in the production of thread, rope, and heavy canvas. Not only was the cultivation of hemp important for the development of a variety of household products, but hemp also played a military role, as the hemp fibers were spun, woven, and fashioned into sails that provided wind power for commercial and military navies. However, …

Working Paper No. 57, The Plight Of The Indigenous In British North America, Maria Nicolas-Reyes

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that the Indigenous population of North America experienced a tragic fate as a result of British colonization and American dominance. Upon the arrival of the English colonists, infectious diseases spread rapidly, disrupting Native American’s way of life and also decimating their populations. This inquiry examines two geographic areas—Virginia’s Eastern Shore and the Midcontinent—in order to demonstrate how these diseases affected Native Americans differently. Aside from the negative effects of the introduction of new infectious diseases, Indigenous peoples endured genocide perpetrated by English settlers as a means to gain greater control of their lands. Lastly, Indigenous …

Modifying The Aspect Survey To Support The Validity Of Student Perception Data From Different Active Learning Environments, Nicole Naibert, Erin E. Shortlidge, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Measuring students’ perceptions of active learning activities may provide valuable insight into their engagement and subsequent performance outcomes. A recently published measure, the Assessing Student Engagement in Class Tool (ASPECT), was developed to assess student perceptions of various active learning environments. As such, we sought to use this measure in our courses to assess the students’ perceptions of different active learning environments. Initial results analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the ASPECT did not function as expected in our active learning environments. Therefore, before administration within an introductory biology course that incorporated two types of active learning strategies, …

A Comparison Of The Risk Of Fracture In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With And Without Receiving Chinese Herbal Medicine, Hou-Hsun Liao, Hanoch Livneh, Yu-Jung Chung, Ching-Hsing Lin, Ning-Sheng Lai, Hung-Rong Yen, Tzung-Yi Tsai

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often suffer from bone complications due to persistent joint inflammation, especially incident fracture. Nowadays, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have provided safe and effective therapy for treating skeletal conditions, but it is unclear whether CHMs can prevent fracture onset among RA individuals. This study aimed to determine the association between the use of CHMs and the risk of fracture among them.

Methods: This retrospective, population-based study retrieved administrative health data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) database to identify patients with newly diagnosed RA between 2000 and 2009. Of the 6178 incident …

Practice Research Methods In Social Work: Processes, Applications And Implications For Social Service Organisations, Bowen Mcbeath, Michael J. Austin, Sarah Carnochan, Emmeline Chuang

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although social work research is commonly rooted within social service settings, it can be difficult for social work researchers and practitioners to develop and sustain participatory studies that specifically promote knowledge sharing and service improvement involving organisational practice. One participatory approach is practice research (PR), which involves social work researchers and practitioners collaborating to define, understand and try to improve the delivery of health and social care services and organisational structures and processes. The two goals of this commentary are to introduce essential methods and approaches to PR and to identify points of connection involving PR and social service organisational …

Collaborative Digital Problem-Solving: Power, Relationships, And Participation, Gloria E. Jacobs, Jill Castek

Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The study examines the collaborative nature of problem solving as dyads and triads of adults were grouped to solve digital problems using online resources. Digital problem solving involves the nimble use of skills, strategies, and mindsets to navigate online in everyday contexts using novel resources, tools, and interfaces, in efficient and flexible ways, to accomplish personal and professional goals. Findings address the nature of collaborative talk during digital problem solving through three interrelated categories of themes gleaned from discourse analysis: (a) power, (b) relationships, and (c) participation. These themes offer a nuanced understanding of collaborative interactions during digital problem solving. …

Internalized Stigma, Depressive Symptoms, And The Modifying Role Of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study In Rural Uganda, Lisa M. Bebell, Annet Kembabazi, Nicholas Musinguzi, Jeffrey N. Martin, Peter W. Hunt, Yap Boum Ii, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Conrad Muzoora, Jessica E. Haberer, Mwebesa Bosco Bwana, David R. Bangsberg, Mark J. Siedner, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Depression affects over 40% of people with HIV (PHIV) in low- and middle-income countries, and over half of PHIV report HIV-related internalized stigma. However, few longitudinal studies of PHIV have examined the relationship between HIV-related stigma and depression. Data were analyzed from the 2007-15 Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO) Study, a cohort of 454 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve PHIV (68% women) starting ART. Our primary outcome was depression symptom severity over the first two years of ART, measured using a locally adapted version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist; our primary exposure was the 6-item Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. Both scores …

Forest Fires Reduce Snow-Water Storage And Advance The Timing Of Snowmelt Across The Western U.S., Emily E. Smoot, Kelly E. Gleason

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

As climate warms, snow-water storage is decreasing while forest fires are increasing in extent, frequency, and duration. The majority of forest fires occur in the seasonal snow zone across the western US. Yet, we do not understand the broad-scale variability of forest fire effects on snow-water storage and water resource availability. Using pre- and post-fire data from 78 burned SNOTEL stations, we evaluated post-fire shifts in snow accumulation (snow-water storage) and snowmelt across the West and Alaska. For a decade following fire, maximum snow-water storage decreased by over 30 mm, and the snow disappearance date advanced by 9 days, and …

Faculty Senate Monthly Packet December 2021, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Monthly Packets

The December 6, 2021 Monthly packet includes the December agenda and appendices and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held November 1, 2021.

Remembering Two Titans Of Manga: Shirato Sanpei And Saitō Takao, Natsume Fusanosuke, Jon Holt, Teppei Fukuda

World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations

What follows is a pair of recent tributes Natsume Fusanosuke wrote for Japanese newspapers, concerning the pioneering cartoonists Saitō Takao and Shirato Sanpei, who died, respectively, on September 24, 2021, and October 8, 2021. The two articles are here presented in English for the first time.

Translated by Jon Holt & Teppei Fukuda

How Peer Mentoring Can Help Universities Promote Student Success In A Post-Covid-19 Pandemic World, Peter J. Collier

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The COVID -19 pandemic and fallout from universities’ pandemic response efforts has made the adjustment to college more complex for new students. This is particularly true for students who lack familiarity with how college works. In addition to student adjustment issues, new pandemic -related issues include a greater risk for information overload, problematic access to technology and the Internet, more complicated decision making, greater difficulty in recognizing relevant resources and effective strategies for addressing specific issues, and difficulties in responding to issues that take different forms in remote or hybrid learning contexts. Peer mentoring can help. Informed by interviews with …

Timber Constructed: Towards An Alternative Material History, Laila Seewang, Irina Davidovici

School of Architecture Faculty Publication and Presentations

Editorial:

This issue of Architectural Theory Review proposes an alternative intellectual history of timber architecture. It foregrounds the relationships that tie the natural resource to the cultural artefact, its processing into construction material and, with it, the production of associated disciplinary expertise. The essays explore the spatial and symbolic possibilities of timber in historical and contemporary discourse by highlighting its simultaneity as cultural artefact, material commodity, environmental resource, and structural element. Thus, the material’s appearance and representation are positioned within perennial oscillations between globalism and locality, natural and man-made, industry and craft, innovation and tradition, material and ideology, modernity and …

Empowering Teacher Candidates To Create Social Justice Curriculum Through Civic Engagement Projects, Gayle Y. Thieman

Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this research is to examine how participating in a Civic Engagement Project (CEP) led teacher candidates (TCs) to develop and publish race and social justice curriculum. This article describes the CEP, a graduate level social studies methods course assignment for TCs who research community issues, select a class project, collaborate, create and publish resources for educators. This mixed-methods study examines the challenges, benefits and process of the CEP. TCs' reflections, digital curriculum and resources they created, surveys and interviews with TCs after graduation were analyzed through six criteria of anti-racist curriculum, based on Racial Pedagogical Content Knowledge …

Tactile Materials In Practice: Understanding The Experiences Of Teachers Of The Visually Impaired, Mahika Phutane, Julie Wright, Brenda Veronica Castro, Lei Shi, Simone R. Stern, Holly Lawson, Shiri Azenkot

Special Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Teachers of the visually impaired (TVIs) regularly present tactile materials (tactile graphics, 3D models, and real objects) to students with vision impairments. Researchers have been increasingly interested in designing tools to support the use of tactile materials, but we still lack an in-depth understanding of how tactile materials are created and used in practice today. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with 21 TVIs and a 3-week diary study with eight of them. We found that tactile materials were regularly used for academic as well as non-academic concepts like tactile literacy, motor ability, and spatial awareness. Real objects and …

University Metrics Annual Report, Office Of Institutional Research And Planning

Office of the President Publications and Presentations

At the request of the PSU Board of Trustees in 2019-2020, the President and his executive team developed a set of metrics in the areas of finance, undergraduate and graduate enrollment, and student success. The metrics were approved by the Board of Trustees on August 20, 2020.

For each metric, actual performance is charted against three-year goals, and the results are reported annually to the Board and the PSU Faculty Senate. A narrative report, summary chart, and Excel spreadsheets containing the underlying data are available as supplemental files and also through the University Metrics link on the Office of the …

Can A Large-Landscape Conservation Vision Contribute To Achieving Biodiversity Targets?, Mark Hebblewhite, Jodi A. Hilty, Sara Williams, Harvey Locke, Charles Chester, David Johns, Gregory Kehm, Wendy L. Francis

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Founded in 1993, the Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) vision was one of the earliest large-landscape conservation visions. Despite growing recognition of large-landscape conservation strategies, there have been few tests to date of conservation gains achieved through such approaches. We tested for conservation gains in the Y2Y region of North America following initiation of the Y2Y conservation vision in 1993 using a counterfactual spatiotemporal comparison and tracking change in five different conservation metrics. First, we enumerated the area of land within Y2Y in designated protected areas. We then compared the rate of change of protected area growth before- and after-initiation of …

The Politics Of Women's Presence On High Courts: Bias And The Conditional Nature Of Cultivating Legitimacy, Christopher Shortell, Melody E. Valdini

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

While we know that women's presence in the legislature positively impacts how citizens view the institution, little is known about the impact of women's presence on the legitimacy of high courts. We argue that despite differences in public expectations for courts, women's presence on the high court does impact citizen perceptions of legitimacy. However, this effect is dependent on both the level and the type of bias held by citizens. That is, when a person feels hostile bias toward women, the bias disrupts the potential legitimacy that the court could gain. On the other hand, we argue that benevolent sexism …

The Game Of Life: How Playing Gamified Interactive Narratives Affects Career Planning In Cambodia, Lauren B. Frank, Paul Sparks, Sheila T. Murphy, Lizzie Goodfriend, Paul Falzone

Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations

To improve economic opportunity in Cambodia, we used social cognitive theory to develop gamified, interactive narratives using mobile phones. Participants guided their chosen character toward their “dream job” goal while encountering a series of barriers along the way. Participants (N = 1,625) were randomly assigned to one of four message frequency experimental conditions: a no-play control condition or playing the interactive narrative one, two, or five times. Compared with not playing the interactive narrative (control), those who played showed higher perceived self-efficacy, response efficacy, and behavioral intentions. Playing more times was associated with less attentional focus and enjoyment, but greater …

2d Vs 3d Tracking In Bacterial Motility Analysis, Jacqueline Acres, Jay Nadeau

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Digital holographic microscopy provides the ability to observe throughout a large volume without refocusing. This capability enables simultaneous observations of large numbers of microorganisms swimming in an essentially unconstrained fashion. However, computational tools for tracking large 4D datasets remain lacking. In this paper, we examine the errors introduced by tracking bacterial motion as 2D projections vs. 3D volumes under different circumstances: bacteria free in liquid media and bacteria near a glass surface. We find that while XYZ speeds are generally equal to or larger than XY speeds, they are still within empirical uncertainties. Additionally, when studying dynamic surface behavior, the …

How To Train Your Algo: Investigating The Enablers Of Bias In Algorithmic Development, Marta Stelmaszak Rosa

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Literature on algorithmic bias identifies its source in either biased data or statistical methods, more rarely in the development of algorithmic solutions as a potential factor. Because of the prior unknowability of algorithms, data scientists developing such solutions have to take various design decisions. Drawing from the flow-oriented approach, we study algorithmic unknowability and how data scientists respond to it in 35 public data science Jupyter notebooks containing algorithmic solutions to predict customer churn in a credit card dataset on a data science platform Kaggle.com. We offer a more thorough understanding of the unknowability in algorithmic development that can enable …

A Pipeline For Enhanced Multimodal 2d Imaging Of Concrete Structures, Sina Mehdinia, Thomas Schumacher, Xubo Song, Eric A. Wan

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present an imaging pipeline to achieve enhanced images of the interior of concrete from ground penetrating radar (GPR) and ultrasonic echo array (UEA) measurements. This work lays the foundation for an advanced yet practical imaging tool to assess concrete structures. Specifically, we propose an enhanced two-dimensional (2D) total focusing method (XTFM) to reconstruct images from raw GPR and UEA data. The proposed XTFM algorithm integrates total focusing method (TFM) and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) concepts to post-process large independent and interelement measurements from both modalities in a computationally efficient way. Furthermore, we introduce a novel 2D image fusion …

Applying Behavioral And Physiological Measures To Assess The Relative Impact Of The Prolonged Covid-19 Pandemic Closure On Two Mammal Species At The Oregon Zoo: Cheetah (A. Jubatus) And Giraffe (G. C. Reticulata And G. C. Tippelskirchii), Laurel Fink, Candace D. Scarlata, Becca Vanbeek, Todd Bodner, Nadja C. Wielebnowski

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The effect of visitor presence on zoo animals has been explored in numerous studies over the past two decades. However, the opportunities for observations without visitors have been very limited at most institutions. In 2020, the Oregon Zoo was closed, in response to the global SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, from 15 March 2020 to 12 July 2020, resulting in approximately four consecutive months without visitor presence. This study aimed to quantify potential behavioral and hormonal changes expressed during two transition periods in zoo visitor attendance: the initial time period before and after closure in March 2020 and time before and after …

Conserved And Divergent Features Of Neuronal Camkii Holoenzyme Structure, Function, And Highorder Assembly, Olivia R. Buonarati, Adam P. Miller, Steven J. Coultrap, K. Ulrich Bayer, Steve L. Reichow

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Neuronal CaMKII holoenzymes (^a and ^b isoforms) enable molecular signal computation underlying learning and memory but also mediate excitotoxic neuronal death. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of these signaling devices, using single-particle electron microscopy (EM) in combination with biochemical and live cell imaging studies. In the basal state, both isoforms assemble mainly as 12-mers (but also 14-mers and even 16-mers for the b isoform). CaMKIIa and ^b isoforms adopt an ensemble of extended activatable states (with average radius of 12.6 versus 16.8 nm, respectively), characterized by multiple transient intra- and interholoenzyme interactions associated with distinct functional properties. The …