Digital Commons Network^™

A Study Of The Effect Of Preparation Parameters On The Mechanical Properties Of Freeze-Dried Gelatin-Elastin-Hyaluronate Scaffolds, Mansour Qamash

Master's Theses (2009 -)

This thesis is dedicated to a detailed study of changes in the properties of Gelatin-Elastin-Hyaluronate (GEH) tissue engineering scaffold resulting from changes in preparation parameters. More specifically, utilizing a combination of foaming and freeze-drying techniques, this research investigates the effects of different parameters, including agitation speed, duration time, and chilling temperature on the scaffold’s structural integrity, porosity, and mechanical properties. The methodology involves a carefully calibrated process in which the scaffold matrix is initially prepared by incorporating 8% gelatin, 2% elastin, and 0.5% hyaluronate (w/v) into a homogenous aqueous solution, followed by controlled agitation and subsequent freezing at designated temperatures. …

A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis Comparing Irrigation Within Complex Root Canal Anatomy, Madeleinne Fern

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare fluid dynamics in complex root canal systems shaped with minimally invasive versus progressively tapered file systems using single and double side-vented irrigation tips at different flowrates. Methods: Two identical, plastic mandibular molars were instrumented with minimally invasive and progressive file systems and scanned via micro-computed tomography. A computational fluid dynamics model was generated and enhanced with accessory canals and isthmus in the distal and mesial roots, respectively. The model replicated irrigation within complex canal anatomy using both a single and double side-vented, 30-gauge irrigation tip at four flowrates: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 …

Impact Of Learning-Style-Based Education On Student Performance And Perception In Preclinical Endodontics: Part Ii, Rebecca Flaugher

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if providing supplemental learning materials aligned to students’ learning modes is equally beneficial among all modes both subjectively and objectively. Methods: IRB approval was obtained (Approval #HR-3746). Second-year dental students (n=92) enrolled in Preclinical Endodontics took Kolb Experiential Learning Profile (KELP) questionnaire to determine their learning mode: Abstract Conceptualization (AC), Active Experimentation (AE), Reflective Observation (RO), or Concrete Experience (CE). Students were assigned into groups corresponding to their learning mode. Students performed non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) on a #9 typodont tooth and were graded to determine baseline performance (Project 1). Students were then …

Performance And Preference Of Rotary Files By Pre-Doctoral Dental Students At Marquette School Of Dentistry, Morgan Elizabeth Mccall

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The aim of this study was twofold: 1) objectively evaluate root canal shaping and procedural mishaps using different NiTi rotary systems in the hands of unexperienced pre-doctoral dental students; 2) to gain an understanding of which rotary file system students subjectively prefer. Methods: Second year dental students (n=94) enrolled in preclinical endodontics received instructional videos and didactic lectures on the use of three different rotary filing systems: Vortex Blue, EndoSequence, and ProTaper Universal. Students completed root canal treatment using each file system on 3D printed premolars. The quantitative evaluation was completed after each project by two calibrated examiners using …

In Vitro Comparison Of Cellular Cytoxicity Of Conventional Vs. Cad/Cam Denture Base Materials, Zainab Hill Albasry

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Aim: Adverse reactions and local irritation of the oral mucosa to prostheses constructed from PMMA include allergic response, erythema, and a burning sensation of the tongue and mucosal tissues. Evidence on the cytotoxic effects of digitally manufactured denture base materials remains scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of CAD/CAM fabricated denture bases versus conventionally heat-cured acrylic resin materials. Materials and Methods: In total, 75 disks of five different denture resin materials – 15 disks per group were prepared: Ivocap (group 1; control), Ivotion denture base (group 2), Lucitone 3D denture base (group …

A Public Policy Analysis Of An Allied Health Career Pathway Model At A Local Technical College, Rebecca A. Garcia Sanchez

Dissertations (1934 -)

Policymakers, philanthropists, and related stakeholders assert that education is “the civil rights issue of our generation” (The White House, n.d). In turn, a career-based business model where “career and technical education encourages employability” (Wilder, 2013) has been implemented, providing readily accessible post-secondary opportunities to address perpetual societal inequality. Many stakeholders perceive the two-year institution as helping bridge the perpetual equity gap by creating access streams needed to acquire good-paying jobs. Because of the diverse socioeconomic student narrative within the Midwestern technical college, a study inquiry was conducted to ascertain the institution’s ability to reproduce the desired results advertised by public …

Maxillary And Mandibular Incisor And Molar Dentoalveolar Heights In Untreated Subjects Presenting Class I And Class Ii Malocclusion, Samantha Zavada Cardinal

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective : Class II malocclusion has been extensively studied, however there are many unanswered questions. This study analyzed the difference in incisor and molar dentoalveolar heights of untreated subjects presenting with Class I and Class II malocclusion. Dentialveolar heights are an aspect of the craniofacial complex that changes with growth and development and are manipulated by orthodontists. These changes hold important clinical implications for the development, maintenance and treatment of malocclusions. Methods : A sample of 96 untreated Class I and Class II subjects, with a total of 611 cephalograms was drawn from the archives of the University of Michigan …

Alveolar Bone Remodeling In Response To Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Matthew Raymond Mcgrady

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: Dental protrusion and retrusion are common malocclusions in clinical orthodontics. When teeth are moved orthodontically, the alveolar bone surrounding the teeth remodels. In the past, incisor retraction-associated alveolar bone remodeling has been studied. However, less is known about the alveolar bone remodeling after incisors are proclined. This study aimed to assess the changes in alveolar bone thickness after proclination of maxillary incisors. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the surrounding alveolar bone thickness after orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Patients were selected under the inclusion criteria of moderate-to-severe bimaxillary dental retrusion (U1-SN < 97°, L1-MP < 88.0°), absence of craniofacial anomalies, non-extraction, absence of missing teeth, with quality pre-and post-treatment lateral cephalometric images. Nineteen patients (10 males, 9 females; mean age 14.7 years) were selected, and their pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were digitally traced using a customized cephalometric analysis to compare changes in labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness (ABT) after orthodontic treatment. A two-sample t-test with R statistical software version 4.1.2 was used to measure the differences between the pre- and post-treatment cephalometric measurements. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the SN-7° measurement method, ABT increased at the labial(b) SN-7 (0.27mm ± 0.70; p<0.05) and U1 labial(c) SN-7 (0.79mm ± 1.56; p<0.05) levels; however, ABT decreased at the U1 lingual (c) SN-7 (1.13mm ± 1.35; p<0.05) level. According to the perpendicular of the long axis of U1 root measurement method, ABT increased at the U1 labial(c) ⊥U1 (0.55mm ± 1.35; p<0.05) level while ABT decreased at the U1 lingual (b) ⊥U1 (0.79mm ± 1.03; p<0.05) and U1 lingual (c) ⊥U1 (1.61mm ±1.39; p<0.05) levels. Statistically significant changes were also found in post-treatment incisor angulation U1-SN° (8.05° ± 8.25; p<0.05), U1 – NA° (7.44° ± 8.08; p < 0.05) and post-treatment incisor position U1 – NA (mm) (1.64mm ± 2.63; p<0.05). Conclusion:The null hypothesis was rejected based on our results. There are statistically significant changes to the labial and lingual alveolar bone (ABT) after proclination of the maxillary incisors. Our data support previous findings in orthodontics literature. Further studies should be conducted that can employ larger sample sizes with imaging methods that overcome the limitations of conventional two-dimensional imaging.

The Effect Of Microstructural Defects And Geometrical Features On Fatigue Behavior Of Superelastic Nitinol Wires, Parisa Shabani Nezhad

Dissertations (1934 -)

Nitinol is an alloy of nickel and titanium, which exhibits outstanding functional properties, such as shape memory and superelastic behavior. Superelastic nitinol wires exhibit recoverable strains that are significantly greater than traditional alloys. In most of its applications, nitinol is exposed to cyclic loads, which results in functional and/or structural fatigue that ultimately leads to failure. The classical fatigue theories do not appropriately address the fatigue performance of superelastic nitinol due to the complex nature of the martensitic transformation. It has been shown that the main fatigue crack initiation sites, other than surfaces, are microstructural inhomogeneities such as voids and …

Designing Human-Centered Algorithms For The Public Sector: A Case Study Of The U.S. Child Welfare System, Devansh Saxena

Dissertations (1934 -)

Public sector agencies in the United States are increasingly seeking to emulate business models of the private sector centered in efficiency, cost reduction, and innovation through the adoption of algorithmic systems. These data-driven systems purportedly improve decision-making; however, the public sector poses its own unique challenges where policies, practices, and organizational constraints mediate all decisions. Algorithms that do not account for these pertinent aspects of professional practice frustrate practitioners, diminish the quality of human discretionary work, and amplify biases in decision-making. A human-centered research agenda can help us develop algorithms centered in social-ecological theories that support the decision-making processes of …

The Influence Of Peri-Cervical Dentin Conservation On The Propagation Of Cracks In Mandibular Molars, Hassanain Zaheer

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of peri-cervical dentin conservation during root canal treatment on the longitudinal propagation of cracks, utilizing the finite element method. Methods: Two 3D printed mandibular molars were subjected to a simulated root canal therapy protocol. The teeth were divided into two test groups: Group 1: Instrumented with using Protaper Gold (PTG) rotary files. Group 2: Instrumented with using TruNatomy. Each access was restored with composite at the level of the CEJ to the occlusal surface. The two teeth were digitized using a high-resolution micro–computed tomographic scan to create 3-D models …

A Digital Assessment Of Centric Relation Precision, Christine Roenitz

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: Recording the centric relation position is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment in prosthodontics. There are various methods that can be used to position a patient’s mandible into centric relation. Among these are: swallow technique (unguided closure), chin-point guidance, and bimanual manipulation. The precision of these methods has previously been studied by traditional methods. Data is lacking on the precision of virtual recordings of these methods taken by an intraoral scanner. The purpose of this study was to assess the digital precision of the swallow, chin-point guidance, and bimanual manipulation centric relation positioning techniques.Materials and Methods: Ten participants …

Usage Of Drone For Building Facade Inspection, Sahara Adhikari

Master's Theses (2009 -)

The taller the building the higher the risk caused by pieces breaking off from the building façade. 13 major cities in the USA have regulations that mandate building façade inspected by a certified professional as per regulations imposed by local authority. Conventional ways of inspecting build facades are manual contact methods where a certified professional inspects the building façade with the help of scaffolding, mobile cranes, or monorails. Visual inspections with contact methods face several challenges, including poor safety, productivity, and reliability. The results of visual inspection can be reliable when dealing with small structures with easily visible parts, but …

The Influence Of Peri-Cervical Dentin Conservation On The Propagation Of Cracks In Mandibular Molars, Hassanain Zaheer

Master's Theses (1922-2009) Access restricted to Marquette Campus

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of peri-cervical dentin conservation during root canal treatment on the longitudinal propagation of cracks, utilizing the finite element method. Methods: Two 3D printed mandibular molars were subjected to a simulated root canal therapy protocol. The teeth were divided into two test groups: Group 1: Instrumented with using Protaper Gold (PTG) rotary files. Group 2: Instrumented with using TruNatomy. Each access was restored with composite at the level of the CEJ to the occlusal surface. The two teeth were digitized using a high-resolution micro–computed tomographic scan to create 3-D models …

The Influence Of The Digitization Method On The Assessment Of Accuracy And Reliability Of Implant Placements, Ajitesh Singh

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Purpose: Studies investigating the accuracy of implant placement are utilizing different methods to digitize the post-operative implant position to compare it with the planned reference position. This study aimed to compare the influence on radiographic and digital methods in the accuracy of static computer-assisted and free hand implant placement.Methods: In total, n=40 implants were placed either fully guided (n=20) or free-handed (n=20) in standardized mandible replicas. A static surgical guide was planned for the fully guided surgery group (FG) for an implant at the lower right first molar site and 3D printed. In the free-hand group (FH) the implant surgery …

Immediate Postoperative Dimensional Changes Following Implant Placement, Juan Felipe Valencia Rincon

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: Hard tissue outcomes after implant placement have been well documented. However, there is scarce evidence on immediate soft tissue and patient-centered outcomes. The aim of this prospective study is to quantify post-implant placement edema and to correlate it with oral health-related quality of life. Methods: Patients undergoing a standardized two-stage implant placement at a single tooth-bound site were recruited (n=26; 54.13.3 years, 14 males). Soft tissue edema was recorded by using intraoral scans immediately pre- (PS) and post-operatively (IP), at 2 (2D), 7 (7D) and 14 days (14D) and 2 months (2M). After scan registration, ridge width, maximum height, …

Comparative Evaluation Of Artifacts Originated By Four Different Post Materials Using Different Cbct Settings, Dilek Helvacioglu-Yigit, Umut Seki, Sebnem Kursun-Cakmak, Husniye Demirturk Kocasarac, Maharaj Singh

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in the presence of four different post materials, obtained from different kVps with varying resolutions and varying metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms, differed in artifact estimation, and to compare tooth regions in terms of artifact value. Materials and Methods: Forty premolar teeth were used in this study. Root canals were treated, and teeth were randomly distributed into four subgroups (n = 10) for the preparation of post materials: titanium, gold (Nordin), quartz fiber (Bisco DT Light), and glass fiber (Rely X). The CBCT images were …

Factors Influencing The Treatment Outcome Of Intentional Replantation On Teeth With Periapical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Teng Kai Ong, Daniel Lim, Maharaj Singh, Alissa V. Fial

Library Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

The purpose of this review was to appraise the quality of evidence of the existing publications on IR, and to perform a meta-analysis on the treatment outcomes of IR.

Methods

The specific PIO questions were as follows: Population: Patients with periapical periodontitis either before or after nonsurgical endodontic therapy. Intervention: IR performed with retrograde preparation and retrograde filling. Outcomes: the healing, treatment complications, and the factors influencing these outcomes after IR. Electronic and hand searches were performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility. The …

A Tool For Differential Diagnosis Of Childhood Apraxia Of Speech And Dysarthria In Children: A Tutorial, Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel, Kristen M. Allison, Ruth Stoeckel

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose:

While there has been mounting research centered on the diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), little has focused on differentiating CAS from pediatric dysarthria. Because CAS and dysarthria share overlapping speech symptoms and some children have both motor speech disorders, differential diagnosis can be challenging. There is a need for clinical tools that facilitate assessment of both CAS and dysarthria symptoms in children. The goals of this tutorial are to (a) determine confidence levels of clinicians in differentially diagnosing dysarthria and CAS and (b) provide a systematic procedure for differentiating CAS and pediatric dysarthria in children.

Method:

Evidence …

Activated Charcoal Versus A Chemical Whitening Agent: Effect On Human Enamel, Hien Thai Doan

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: For many years, the conventional method to achieve a white smile has been chemical regimens such as peroxide compounds. Previous studies suggest risks associated with chemical procedures, so many are seeking out alternative options such as utilizing activated charcoal. Since this new method is rapidly trending, there have not been many scientific studies on how utilizing activated charcoal can affect the mechanical/physical properties of tooth structure. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on enamel’s mechanical/physical properties and compare it to a conventional tooth whitening method (carbamide peroxide). Materials and Methods: Extracted …

The Accuracy And Sensitivity Of Abo Electronic Cast Radiographic Program Orthoshare 360 Compared To Manual Measurements, Lisa Nguyen

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy, validity, and reliability of measurements obtained by MotionView's Ortho Share 360 program compared to traditional manual measurements of 3D printed models using a standardized ABO measuring gauge. In detail, the study aimed to evaluate the difference in total ABO Cast Radiographic-Evaluation (CRE) score and individual differences among six ABO CRE parameters. The null hypothesis is that there are no statistically different scores between digital and manual measurements. Methods: 33 samples were measured based on standardized parameters determined by the ABO. The first measurements were obtained manually using ABO measuring …

Mechanism Of Mechanical Vibration In Enhancing Orthodontic Retention- Analysis Of Global Gene Expression, Shuwei Wang

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) mechanical vibration has been proposed as a possible adjunctive retention method after orthodontic treatment. In this study, we explored the mechanism of using LMHF vibration to improve bone formation during retention phase. We aimed to provide insight of global gene expression and cellular activities of PDL cells under tension, as well as identify novel biomarkers for induced osteogenesis by using LMHF mechanical vibration as adjunct tool in retention phase. Materials and Methods: Human PDL cells (hPDLCs) were seeded in 6-well FLEXCELL culture plates. The wells were assigned to four experimental groups as control, stretching (ST), vibration …

Color Characterization Of Color Changing Orthodontic Adhesives, Megan Fried

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective:A popular product to facilitate removal of excess adhesive during bonding of orthodontic appliances is a color changing adhesive. Before polymerization, these materials are a bright color but upon curing, manufacturers claim they become translucent. After debonding, there is often resin embedded within the enamel, so the appearance of these materials after polymerization can affect the esthetics of a patient’s dentition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the color characteristics of various orthodontic color changing adhesives and determine if there is a significant difference in color changing capabilities and in translucency after polymerization between products. Methods:Grengloo and Blugloo …

The Role Of Self-Tutorial In Introductory Physics Student Performance On Test Of Understanding Of Vectors, Katherine Finegan

Master's Theses (2009 -)

A single-interaction self-guided lesson was designed to teach basic vector concepts to introductory physics students. The self-guided lesson was tested for efficacy by comparing pre-test and post-test subscores on a Test of Understanding of Vectors (TUV) and comparing subscore differences to students in the same physics courses who had not taken the self-guided lesson. Analysis showed no significant differences in subscore differences between students taking the self-guided lesson and those in comparable control groups, indicating that more robust interventions are needed and/or further work must be done on the self-guided lesson to improve student vector understanding.

The Effect Of Tray Design And Impression Material Consistencies On Accuracy Of Complete Arch Implant Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Master Casts, Lujain Kurdi

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Purpose of this Study: The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy and precision of complete arch implant supported fixed dental prosthesis impressions made with a low viscosity PVS while supporting the splinted impression copings with heavy viscosity PVS on a reference model simulating an all-on-4 prosthesis using both stock and custom trays. Material and Methods: A model was scanned to act as the reference model. The splinting device and custom tray were printed using FormLAb printer and custom resin tray material. Four group were included in the study. Stock tray with and without support and custom tray …

Post-Surgical Emergency After-Hours Calls: Prevalence, Concerns, And Management, Vrisiis Kofina, Drake Lindholm, Abdulkareem Harunani, Andrew R. Dentino, Maharaj Singh, Dimitris N. Tatakis

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, nature, and management of post-surgical emergency after-hours calls in a dental school setting with predoctoral students, graduate students/residents, and faculty providers.

Methods

A patient chart review (March 2018–February 2020) for post-surgical calls through the emergency after-hours pager system was conducted at the Marquette University School of Dentistry. The total number of surgical procedures, procedure type, the timing of call, operator experience, concern, and recommendation given during the call were documented.

Results

During the review period, 83 calls (from 75 patients) were recorded after 8,487 surgical procedures (1% of procedures). …

Evaluation Of Damon Psl And Conventional Mbt Brackets In Leveling And Alignment Efficiency, Jacob Beckstrand

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: Ormco has proposed that the low-friction design of their self-ligation brackets allows for more efficient alignment of crowded teeth with less incisor proclination and faster treatment times compared to conventional MBT bracket systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that there is no difference between Damon PSL and conventional MBT brackets in factors related to leveling and alignment in-vitro. Methods:Damon Q2 .022” slot brackets and 3M Unitek .022” slot MBT brackets were bonded to 2 sets of typodont teeth. Typodont teeth were placed into 8 upper and lower Class I crowding wax forms (Kilgore, USA) …

Emmanuel Levinas And Jacques Maritain On The Student-Teacher Relationship In Catholic Higher Education, Timothy Rothhaar

Dissertations (1934 -)

The purpose of this dissertation is to serve as a stepping stone to a larger philosophy of the Catholic university. Its thesis argues that Catholic universities have lost their way by means of faith, identity, and ethical crises, and in order to recover these we must return to the primordial student-teacher relationship embedded in a Catholic philosophical anthropology. Beginning in the mid-20th century, with roots at the turn of the century, Catholic universities took a decided secular move away from their theological roots beginning with Fr. Theodore Hesburgh’s reimagining of the Catholic university as a corporate entity. As a result, …

Comparison Of Cone Mosaic Metrics From Images Acquired With The Spectralis High Magnification Module And Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy, Niamh Wynne, Heather Heitkotter, Erica N. Woertz, Robert F. Cooper, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To compare cone mosaic metrics derived from adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) images with those derived from Heidelberg Engineering SPECTRALIS High Magnification Module (HMM) images.

Methods: Participants with contiguous cone mosaics had HMM imaging performed at locations superior and temporal to the fovea. These images were registered and averaged offline and then aligned to split-detection AOSLO images; 200 × 200-µm regions of interest were extracted from both modalities. Cones were semi-automatically identified by two graders to provide estimates of cone density and spacing.

Results: Thirty participants with contiguous cone mosaics were imaged (10 males, 20 females; age range, …

Edge Chipping Of Translucent Zirconia, Joseph D. Flask, Geoffrey A. Thompson, Maharaj Singh, David W. Berzins

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Statement of problem

More translucent dental zirconias have been developed by incorporating the cubic phase and reducing the tetragonal phase content that undergoes transformation toughening, leading to reduced mechanical properties. Whether the clinically relevant mechanical property of the edge chipping toughness of the material is also reduced is unclear.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the edge chipping toughness and translucency of translucent zirconia, 3mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP), and lithium disilicate.

Material and methods

Two translucent zirconia products, Katana and Lava Esthetic; one 3Y-TZP, Lava Plus; and one lithium disilicate, IPS e.max Press …