Digital Commons Network^™

Dental Health In Roman Dogs: A Pilot Study Using Standardized Examination Methods, Monika Schernig-Mráz, Anne L. Grauer, Gottfried Morgenegg

Anthropology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Objective:

To utilize standardized clinical veterinary methods to analyze dental health in a series of Roman dog maxillae and mandibles and to compare results to modern clinical data.

Materials:

28 skulls of juvenile and adult dogs from three archaeological sites in Switzerland and Germany dating to the Roman period.

Methods:

Standardized examination was carried out, which included metric radiographic assessment to diagnose oral pathology and estimate age at death. In one case, CT analysis was undertaken.

Results:

The estimated average age at death was between three and four years old. Tooth fracture, periodontal disease, the presence of non-vital teeth, and …

Strategies To Achieving National Standards Of Healthcare Access: A Qualitative Analysis Of Cook County Health System, Shoaib Haq, Julia Borowska, Sofia Mateus, Jaash Patel

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

CCH recently approved its 2023 – 2025 strategic plan. This study aims to evaluate CCH’s access strategies compared to national and international metrics for access improvement. As county healthcare systems provide integral care for millions of patients across the nation, this analysis will provide a case analysis of using HP30 and Commonwealth Fund metrics for county health access. Use of these metrics by county healthcare systems can improve local access to healthcare, in turn improving the U.S.’s HP30 performance and international ranking on access.

College Student Food Security During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Frances Rafferty, Tania Schusler, Mariana Valencia Mestre

School of Environmental Sustainability: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Food insecurity among college and university students has increased in the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique public health challenges, including increased food insecurity. In a cross-sectional survey of students at a private university in the midwestern U.S. (N=253) we examined how student food security status changed during the pandemic and what relation-ships exist between changes in food security and various aspects of student identities. Twenty-nine percent of responding students indicated that they became less food secure during the pandemic, and the overall reported food insecurity rate increased by 130.77%. Change in respondent food security status during the …

Metlife Investment Pitch, Natalia Mendez

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

Metropolitan Life ("MetLife") is the holding company for Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and its affiliates and subsidiaries. This presentation is a suggested investment pitch for MetLife.

Climate Change, Human Health, And Resilience In The Holocene, Gwen Robbins Schug, Jane E. Buikstra, Sharon N. Dewitte, Brenda J. Baker, Elizabeth Berger, Michele R. Buzon, Anna M. Davies-Barrett, Lynne Goldstein, Anne L. Grauer, Lesley A. Gregoricka, Siân E. Halcrow, Kelly J. Knudson, Clark Spencer Larsen, Debra L. Martin, Kenneth C. Nystrom, Megan A. Perry, Charlotte A. Roberts, Ana Luisa Santos, Christopher M. Stojanowski, Jorge A. Suby, Daniel H. Temple, Tiffany A. Tung, Melandri Vlok, Tatyana Watson-Glen, Sonia R. Zakrzewski

Anthropology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Climate change is an indisputable threat to human health, especially for societies already confronted with rising social inequality, political and economic uncertainty, and a cascade of concurrent environmental challenges. Archaeological data about past climate and environment provide an important source of evidence about the potential challenges humans face and the long-term outcomes of alternative short-term adaptive strategies. Evidence from well-dated archaeological human skeletons and mummified remains speaks directly to patterns of human health over time through changing circumstances. Here, we describe variation in human epidemiological patterns in the context of past rapid climate change (RCC) events and other periods of …

Behavioral Strategies Of Prehistoric And Historic Children From Dental Microwear Texture Analysis, Almudena Estalrrich, Kristin L. Krueger

Anthropology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Reconstructing the dietary and behavioral strategies of our hominin ancestors is crucial to understanding their evolution, adaptation, and overall way of life. Teeth in general, and dental microwear specifically, provide a means to examine these strategies, with posterior teeth well positioned to tell us about diet, and anterior teeth helping us examine non-dietary tooth-use behaviors. Past research predominantly focused on strategies of adult individuals, leaving us to wonder the role children may have played in the community at large. Here we begin to address this by analyzing prehistoric and historic children through dental microwear texture analysis of deciduous anterior teeth.

The Impact Of Mobile Technology-Delivered Interventions On Youth Well-Being: Systematic Review And 3-Level Meta-Analysis, Colleen Conley, Elizabeth B. Raposa, Kate Bartolotta, Sarah E. Broner, Maya Hareli, Nicola Forbes, Kirsten M. Christensen, Mark Assink

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background: Rates of mental health problems among youth are high and rising, whereas treatment seeking in this population remains low. Technology-delivered interventions (TDIs) appear to be promising avenues for broadening the reach of evidence-based interventions for youth well-being. However, to date, meta-analytic reviews on youth samples have primarily been limited to computer and internet interventions, whereas meta-analytic evidence on mobile TDIs (mTDIs), largely comprising mobile apps for smartphones and tablets, have primarily focused on adult samples.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mTDIs for a broad range of well-being outcomes in unselected, at-risk, and clinical samples of …

Covid-19 Experiences Within The Suburban Cook County Hispanic/Latino Community, Farah Elhoumaidi

Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium

After one year of disseminating surveys and holding focus groups intended to examine the effect of immigration status on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs around COVID-19 within the suburban Cook County Hispanic/Latino community, the collected data reveal the significant adversities and hardships these individuals have faced in dealing with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. I would like my research to grow and focus more specifically on the effect of undocumented status on Hispanic/Latino COVID-19 experiences. This proposal aims to transfer the knowledge gained regarding vaccine hesitancy and experiences during the pandemic and link identified existing resources with participants and community stakeholders.

The Method Of Critical Phenomenology: Simone De Beauvoir As A Phenomenologist., Johanna K. Oksala

Philosophy: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conversation on critical phenomenology with reflections on its method. The key argument is that critical phenomenology should be understood as a form of historico-transcendental inquiry and therefore it cannot forgo the phenomenological reduction. Rather, this methodological step should be centered in critical phenomenology, and appropriated in problematized and rethought forms. The methodological assessment of critical phenomenology has implications also for how we read its canon. The paper shows that while Simone de Beauvoir did not adopt the phenomenological reduction in its full Husserlian meaning, her analyses of experience did not remain on …

Twenty-First Century Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock And Moving Forward, Jane E. Buikstra, Sharon N. Dewitte, Sabrina C. Agarwal, Brenda J. Baker, Eric J. Bartelink, Elizabeth Berger, Kelly E. Blevins, Katelyn Bolhofner, Alexis T. Boutin, Megan B. Brickley, Michele R. Buzon, Carlina De La Cova, Lynne Goldstein, Rebecca Gowland, Anne L. Grauer, Lesley A. Gregoricka, Siân E. Halcrow, Sarah A. Hall, Simon Hillson, Ann M. Kakaliouras, Haagen D. Klaus, Kelly J. Knudson, Christopher J. Knüsel, Clark Spencer Larsen, Debra L. Martin, George R. Milner, Mario Novak, Kenneth C. Nystrom, Sofía I. Pacheco-Forés, Tracy L. Prowse, Gwen Robbins Schug, Charlotte A. Roberts, Jessica E. Rothwell, Ana Luisa Santos, Christopher M. Stojanowski, Anne C. Stone, Kyra E. Stull, Daniel H. Temple, Christina M. Torres, J. Marla Toyne, Tiffany A. Tung, Jaime Ullinger, Karin Wiltschke-Schrotta, Sonia R. Zakrzewski

Anthropology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled “Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward,” which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6–8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both graduate students and established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions and to offer advice for increasing success. Therefore, this Workshop comprised 43 international scholars and four advanced graduate students with a …

Diversity Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Temperate Phages, Genevieve Johnson, Swarnali Banerjee, Catherine Putonti

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Modern sequencing technologies have provided insight into the genetic diversity of numerous species, including the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial genomes often harbor bacteriophage genomes (prophages), which can account for upwards of 20% of the genome. Prior studies have found P. aeruginosa prophages that contribute to their host’s pathogenicity and fitness. These advantages come in many different forms, including the production of toxins, promotion of biofilm formation, and displacement of other P. aeruginosa strains. While several different genera and species of P. aeruginosa prophages have been studied, there has not been a comprehensive study of the overall diversity of P. …

Reclaiming The Patria: Sinarquismo In The United States, 1936-1966, Nathan Ellstrand

Dissertations

This dissertation examines the rise and fall of the Catholic, nationalist, and anti-communist Mexican Unión Nacional Sinarquista (UNS or National Synarchist Union) in the U.S. between 1936 and the 1960s. Whereas most scholars study the UNS as a Mexico-specific movement, I examine the organization as a transnational one. This project not only adds to the literature on the UNS, but in Mexican American, Western, and postrevolutionary Mexican history. The individuals that became sinarquistas found refuge from the Mexican church-state conflict in the U.S. in places such as Texas, California, and Chicagoland. The organization’s leadership therefore envisioned an expanded Mexico wherever …

Knowledge And Political Interest: Politico-Epistemic Injustice In The United States Under Capitalist Democracy, Philipa Friedman

Dissertations

This dissertation examines the relationship between knowledge and politics in the United States under capitalist democracy. Incorporating political theory, epistemology (the study of knowledge), political science, and economics, it examines ways in which the economic inequality endemic to the United States privileges political knowledge contributions to policy debates by wealthy individuals and depresses knowledge contributions by middle- and lower-income communities. This occurs during public debate, in voting, at the level of mass media, and during official legislative debate. Economically marginalized people are less likely to see their needs and interests reflected in policy debates and in policies themselves because our …

A Flexible Mixed-Data Model Applied To Claims Data For Post-Market Surveillance Of Prescription Drug Safety Behavior, Harris Butler, John D. Rice, Nichole E. Carlson, Elaine H. Morrato

Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health

We develop a new modeling framework for jointly modeling first prescription times and the presence of risk-mitigating behavior for prescription drugs using real-world data. We are interested in active surveillance of clinical quality improvement programs, especially for drugs which enter the market under an FDA-mandated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS). Our modeling framework attempts to jointly model two important aspects of prescribing, the time between a drug's initial marketing and a patient's first prescription of that drug, and the presence of risk-mitigating behavior at the first prescription. First prescription times can be flexibly modeled as a mixture of component …

Shape-Based Classification Of Partially Observed Curves, With Applications To Anthropology, Gregory J. Matthews, Karthik Bharath, Sebastian Kurtek, Juliet K. Brophy, George K. Thiruvathukal, Ofer Harel

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

We consider the problem of classifying curves when they are observed only partially on their parameter domains. We propose computational methods for (i) completion of partially observed curves; (ii) assessment of completion variability through a nonparametric multiple imputation procedure; (iii) development of nearest neighbor classifiers compatible with the completion techniques. Our contributions are founded on exploiting the geometric notion of shape of a curve, defined as those aspects of a curve that remain unchanged under translations, rotations and reparameterizations. Explicit incorporation of shape information into the computational methods plays the dual role of limiting the set of all possible completions …

Cyclobutanone Inhibitor Of Cobalt-Functionalized Metallo-Γ-Lactonase Aiia With Cyclobutanone Ring Opening In The Active Site, Cory T. Reidl, Romila Mascarenhas, Thahani S. Habeeb Mohammad, Marlon R. Lutz Jr, Pei W. Thomas, Walter Fast, Dali Liu, Daniel P. Becker Ph.D.

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

An α-amido cyclobutanone possessing a C10 hydrocarbon tail was designed as a potential transition-state mimetic for the quorum-quenching metallo-γ-lactonase autoinducer inactivator A (AiiA) with the support of in-house modeling techniques and found to be a competitive inhibitor of dicobalt(II) AiiA with an inhibition constant of Ki = 0.007 ± 0.002 mM. The catalytic mechanism of AiiA was further explored using our product-based transition-state modeling (PBTSM) computational approach, providing substrate-intermediate models arising during enzyme turnover and further insight into substrate–enzyme interactions governing native substrate catalysis. These interactions were targeted in the docking of cyclobutanone hydrates into the active site of …

Improved Functional Outcome After Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Of The Impaired Forelimb Post-Stroke, Shih-Yen Tsai, Jennifer A. Schreiber, Natalie S. Adamczyk, Joanna Y. Wu, Son T. Ton, Ryan C. Hofler, James S. Walter, Timothy O'Brien, Gwendolyn Kartje-Tillotson, Russ P. Nockels

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Lack of blood flow to the brain, i.e., ischemic stroke, results in loss of nerve cells and therefore loss of function in the effected brain regions. There is no effective treatment to improve lost function except restoring blood flow within the first several hours. Rehabilitation strategies are widely used with limited success. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electrical stimulation on the impaired upper extremity to improve functional recovery after stroke. We developed a rodent model using an electrode cuff implant onto a single peripheral nerve (median nerve) of the paretic forelimb and applied daily …

Chga-Depleted Urothelial Amp And Immune Response During Urinary Tract Infection, Theadora Jane Ceccarelli

Master's Theses

Women are 8 times more likely than men to experience a urinary tract infection (UTI) with up to 60% of women reporting a UTI in their lifetime. This significant healthcare burden is caused by the infection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the urinary tract. At this time, treatment is limited to antibiotic therapy, which is challenged by antibiotic-resistance. These factors make UTIs an NIH priority and are motivation for our research.CgA is a protein of the granin family co-released with catecholamines from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. Pro-hormone convertases post-translationally cleave CgA into peptides, like catestatin, which can have antimicrobial …

Elliptical Fourier Analysis Of Crown Shape In Permanent Mandibular Molars From The Late Neolithic Cave Burials Of Belgium, Frank L'Engle Williams, Juliet K. Brophy, Gregory J. Matthews

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Prehistoric remains from caves and rockshelters are known from more than 250 sites situated along the Meuse River Basin of Belgium. Most of these osteological remnants date to the Late Neolithic period beginning after 4,500 years before present (BP), and five of these cave burials have been subject to intensive study, including Hastière Caverne M and Hastière Trou Garçon C from an earlier period of the Late Neolithic (4,345 ± 60 to 4,220 ± 45 years BP), Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame from the final/late Neolithic (4,155 ± 35 to 3,910 ± 40 years BP) and Maurenne Caverne de la Cave …

Victims Of Child Sex Trafficking: Are U.S. Pediatricians Ready To Identify, Assess, Treat And Protect Them?, Bidisha Sinha

Dissertations

The trafficking of children for commercial sexual exploitation is a gross violation of human rights and a global, public health issue that is rapidly growing and prevalent. Due to the clandestine nature of this crime and the general lack of public knowledge about it, identifying and protecting victims of child sex trafficking (CST) is fraught with challenges. Therefore, it is imperative that healthcare professionals - often the only professionals with whom CST victims come in contact while in captivity - are properly educated and trained on this topic. A literature review reveals there is little knowledge about pediatricians' education and …

Anterior Tooth-Use Behaviors Among Early Modern Humans And Neandertals, Kristin L. Krueger, John C. Willman, Gregory J. Matthews, Jean-Jaques Hublin, Alejandro Perez-Perez

Anthropology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Early modern humans (EMH) are often touted as behaviorally advanced to Neandertals, with more sophisticated technologies, expanded resource exploitation, and more complex clothing production. However, recent analyses have indicated that Neandertals were more nuanced in their behavioral adaptations, with the production of the Châtelperronian technocomplex, the processing and cooking of plant foods, and differences in behavioral adaptations according to habitat. This study adds to this debate by addressing the behavioral strategies of EMH (n = 30) within the context of non-dietary anterior tooth-use behaviors to glean possible differences between them and their Neandertal (n = 45) counterparts. High-resolution …

A Flavor Perception Game Designed To Introduce Basic Chemical Sensation Of Taste Modalities To Undergraduate Nursing And Exercise Sciences Students, Angela L. Mahaffey

Nursing: School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Other Works

The Flavor Perception Game was designed with the goals of developing an interactive and hands-on activity, providing a platform to review chemical senses of the five tastes, promoting student investment in the course material, and providing a basis for discussion on chemical senses of the five tastes. Knowledge of taste sensation is useful for nursing and exercise sciences students, as human physiology is integral to both baccalaureate curricula. The game is inexpensive, easy to incorporate into a 50-minute lecture period, and free of chocolate allergens. Student participants (N=34) tasted three candies and completed a voluntary anonymous poll regarding their detection …

An Analysis Of The Effect Of Tooth Wear On Bovid Identification, Juliet K. Brophy, Gregory J. Matthews, George K. Thiruvathukal

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Previous research provides a method for reducing the subjectivity in taxonomic identification of species in the family Bovidae by quantifying the occlusal surface of molar teeth using elliptical Fourier analysis. In this current study, we specifically test what effect medium to late tooth wear has on the identification of bovids when using the form (size and shape) of the occlusal surface to classify specimens. To achieve this, the classification results of teeth with ≥85% of their occlusal surface (training data set) were compared with the results of teeth with <85% of their occlusal surface (test data set) due to wear. In the training data set, all tribes classified correctly >87% of the time with both Alcelaphini and Reduncini classifying correctly …

Neandertal Mandibular Molars From Hortus Cave, France: A Comparison Of Crown Shapes Using Elliptical Fourier Analysis, Frank L. Williams, Juliet K. Brophy, Gregory J. Matthews, Emilee Hart, Marie-Antoinette De Lumley, Gaël Becam

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Neandertal permanent mandibular molars are well represented at Hortus Cave, France, Sub-Phase IVb and Vb, providing an opportunity to assess intrapopulation and intersite shape variation. We expected the mandibular molars from Hortus cave, comprising Hortus II, Hortus IV, Hortus V and Hortus VI to cluster together, compared to Neandertals close in proximity, such as Malarnaud and La Quina 5 as well as those more distantly located such as Arcysur- Cure 1, Engis 2 and Scladina 4A-1. A single Neolithic cave burial from Maurenne Caverne de la Cave, Belgium (n = 11) is used to contextualize the degree of variation in …

Retrieving And Reimagining Sanctuary And Solidarity: Racial Disparities In Infant Mortality, Alyson Capp

Dissertations

In Milwaukee, Black babies die before their first birthday nearly three times as often as White and Hispanic babies. Prematurity is the major cause of infant mortality, and social determinants of health play a large role. Commitments from within Christian bioethical traditions can critique ethical frameworks commonly in use in US bioethics by calling for the incorporation of analysis of social power dynamics that is necessary for addressing this issue. Original ethnographic fieldwork that listens closely to Black mothers and health professionals uncovers key themes related to women's and infant health at the intersection of race, class, and gender. By …

Comparison Of Inter And Intra-Operator Differences For Cephalometric Landmark Identification On Three-Dimensional Cbct Images Using Pro Plan Cmf, Timothy P. Levine, Gregory J. Matthews, Hugo F. Calero, Victor M. Badner

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Objective: To establish reliability of cephalometric landmark identification in threedimensions using ProPlan CMF software.

Methods: Two orthodontist identified a series of 33 cephalometric landmarks on 20 CBCT scans of Class I, pre-orthodontic patients and repeated the landmark identification about two months later. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were calculated by landmark in the X, Y, and Z dimensions and F-test were used to assess difference in landmark location in the X, Y, and Z dimensions.

Results: The majority of landmarks had good to excellent ICC for both inter- and intraobserver reliability. F-test also showed the majority of landmarks had no significant difference …

Getting On The Same Page: A Grounded Theory Study Of Nurse And Physician Collaborative Practice Development, Julie Cerese

Dissertations

The movement toward an integrated approach to healthcare professionals' education, interprofessional education (IPE), has been advancing over the past 60 years in the United Kingdom, Canada, and more recently in the United States. Support for IPE as a mechanism to positively impact collaborative practice and patient outcomes comes from international and national healthcare and educational leadership agencies as well as professional medicine and nursing thought leaders. Theories have evolved to explain the linkages among IPE, collaborative practice, and positive patient outcomes. Researchers have found support for the short term positive impact of IPE on attitudes, perceptions, clarity about roles and …

The Impact Of Sociodemographic Factors On Health-Related, Neuropsychological, And Psychosocial Functioning In Youth With Spina Bifida, Jaclyn Lennon Papadakis

Dissertations

Objective: There is a lack of research on the impact of sociodemographic factors on youth with spina bifida (SB). This is concerning given the pervasive health disparities that exist in pediatric chronic illness groups. The aims of this study were to examine: (1) differences in health-related, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning among youth with SB based on sociodemographic risk; (2) cumulative risk as a predictor of youth outcomes, as moderated by age; (3) SB-related family stress as a mediator of the associations between sociodemographic/cumulative risk and youth outcomes, longitudinally. Methods: Participants (M age = 11.43, 53.6% female) were recruited as part …

Biophysical Studies Of Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Alpha Subunits, Brian Leverson

Dissertations

Guanine nucleotide-binding (G?) proteins have been intensely studied over the years due to their role as signal transduction proteins. Proper function depends on three flexible switch regions that are involved in the relatively slow hydrolysis of GTP, allowing for the proteins to act as a molecular on/off switch. The structure of a protein is essential to its biological function. Occurrences of mutations in the genes GNAS and GNAI1 to highly conserved arginine residue in the switch II region have been detected in several types of cancers.

Utilizing the combinations of temperature denaturation, kinetics assays, and molecular dynamics, we plan to …

Using Ignatian Pedagogy To Teach Chinese Literature, Dale Hoiberg

Ignatian Pedagogy Educational Resources

No abstract provided.