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Physiology And Lateralization Of Swallowing: A Comparison Between Young And Old Adults., Stephanie Kay Daniels
Physiology And Lateralization Of Swallowing: A Comparison Between Young And Old Adults., Stephanie Kay Daniels
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Age-related changes in discrete swallows have been well researched, but few studies have investigated sequential swallowing with little emphasis on age-related changes. It is also unclear whether the cortical representation of swallowing is lateralized to one hemisphere or is bilaterally represented. As such, the aims of this research were to examine deglutitive biomechanics of sequential straw swallowing (Experiment I), and study swallowing lateralization using a dual task paradigm in healthy, young and old adults (Experiment II). Thirty-eight right-handed men (young = 20, old = 18) were studied. Experiment I: Videofluoroscopic swallow samples of two 10-second straw drinking trials were obtained. …
Professional Versus Caregiver Ratings Of The Communicative Abilities Of Adults Displaying Moderate To Profound Communication Challenges., Paul Steven Miller
Professional Versus Caregiver Ratings Of The Communicative Abilities Of Adults Displaying Moderate To Profound Communication Challenges., Paul Steven Miller
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Ninety caregivers of 30 adults with moderate-to-serve cognitive, sensory, and physical challenges living in an institutional setting participated in this study to investigate caregiver perceptions of communicative abilities. A mixed effects design was used to compare communication scores of thirty adults. The adults were assigned to three communication proficiency groups. The communicative scores with challenges that were generated with three different assessment activities: a direct/participatory evaluation conducted by a certified speech-language pathologist, an interview of the caregivers, and an observation of daily routine activities. Results indicated that all of the rating procedures differentiated the three communication proficiency groups. Correlations between …
Using Scaffolded Interaction To Improve Lld Readers' Inferencing And Narrative Abilities., Kathryn Patrice Dekemel
Using Scaffolded Interaction To Improve Lld Readers' Inferencing And Narrative Abilities., Kathryn Patrice Dekemel
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A time series control group study was completed to investigate the efficacy of Communicative Reading Strategies (CRS) as an instructional approach for improving the oral reading, question answering, and narrative retelling abilities of LLD students. The participants were 10 LLD students who ranged in age from 9 to 12 years and 5 reading-age matched (RAM) peers who ranged in age from 7 to 9 years. Five of the LLD subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TLD), while the remaining 5 LLD subjects were assigned to a no-treatment group (NLD). All three groups participated in a series of probes …
A Comparative Study Of Communication Intervention For Nonverbal Children With Autism., Kelly C. Higgins
A Comparative Study Of Communication Intervention For Nonverbal Children With Autism., Kelly C. Higgins
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Communication intervention for 3 nonverbal children with autism was compared in an alternating treatment design. Subjects were three males, ages 4--7, 3--6, and 3--5 who met diagnostic criteria for Autism and who were considered to be nonverbal according to developmental history, parent/teacher report and behavioral observation. Alternating treatment conditions included the established treatment format that each subject was receiving in his school setting (Treatment A) and a developmentally-integrated format of intervention structured to facilitate integrated cognitive, social and communicative development (Treatment B). Each intervention was characterized according to profiles of Traditional-Behavioral or Semantic Pragmatic-Developmental intervention formats. Characteristics of adult interaction …
Efficacy Of Communicative Reading Strategies As An Instructional Approach For Adult Low-Ability Readers., Sara S. Reichmuth
Efficacy Of Communicative Reading Strategies As An Instructional Approach For Adult Low-Ability Readers., Sara S. Reichmuth
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Twelve adult low-ability readers participated in a pretest-posttest control group study investigating the efficacy of Communicative Reading Strategies (CRS) as an instructional reading approach. Six adults received CRS instruction and constituted the experimental group. The remaining six adults received skill-based instruction and served as the control group. All participants demonstrated instructional level reading skills at or below a fifth grade level and completed 40 hours of instruction. Changes in performance on measures of word recognition, comprehension, and reading rate from pretest to posttest were used to compare CRS and control groups. Results of Mann Whitney U analyses revealed that both …
Training Parents To Facilitate Language Through Storybook Reading., Linda K. Crowe
Training Parents To Facilitate Language Through Storybook Reading., Linda K. Crowe
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Six parent-child dyads participated in a single subject, multiple-baseline study evaluating the effectiveness of storybook reading as a context for parent training. Six children, ages 3;2 to 3;5 with specific language impairment, and their primary caregivers completed three-to-five baseline, eight-to-ten training, and two follow-up sessions. Parents were taught to use a complete reading cycle (CRC) based on a typical parent-child storybook reading format described by Ninio & Bruner (1978). The CRC consisted of four steps: (a) an attentional vocative to establish joint focus or topic for discussion, (b) a query to elicit a verbal response about the topic, (c) a …
The Efficacy Of Scaffolding Strategies In Holistic Language Intervention On Language And Phonologically Delayed Children., Monica Lynne Bradshaw
The Efficacy Of Scaffolding Strategies In Holistic Language Intervention On Language And Phonologically Delayed Children., Monica Lynne Bradshaw
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study investigated the efficacy of scaffolding strategies within holistic language intervention with six language and phonologically delayed preschool children. The scaffolding condition was compared to two experimental controls using either wh-questions or print awareness techniques. It was hypothesizsd that the use of scaffolding strategies would result in greater semantic displacement, syntactic complexity, and phonological complexity than the use of either the wh-questions or print awareness controls. Efficacy of the conditions was measured by (a) semantic levels, (b) mean length of utterance, and (c) percent of words produced correctly. An alternating treatment was employed in the single-subject study. The subjects …
The Effect Of Developmental Factors On The Use Of An Electronic Communication Device., Judith Danute Oxley
The Effect Of Developmental Factors On The Use Of An Electronic Communication Device., Judith Danute Oxley
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study addressed a poorly understood variable of voice output communication aid (VOCA) use, namely mnemonic development. Forty children without disabilities, aged from 49 to 60 months, were required to use an IntroTalker (Prentke Romich Company) to participate in a one-on-one storybook reading task with the investigator. They were provided with sixteen messages to use during a scripted reading of The Three Bears. Children could use a trained verbal elaboration strategy or generate their own methods to retrieve messages. Immediate and delayed responses of children under two training methods were compared, and the contribution of developmental factors, including metamemory, were …
Enhancing Discourse Fluency By Increasing Work Selection Proficiency In School-Age Children With Language Learning Disorders., Lillian Nielsen Stiegler
Enhancing Discourse Fluency By Increasing Work Selection Proficiency In School-Age Children With Language Learning Disorders., Lillian Nielsen Stiegler
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
There is growing clinical and research interest in the area of children's "word finding" difficulties, but treatment efficacy data are sparse. Previous treatments have been concerned with training students with language-learning disorders (LLD) to retrieve pre-selected, concrete nouns. Recommended intervention strategies have included retrieval exercises and activities focused on improving students' elaborative knowledge of training exemplars. The current study presents and evaluates a discourse-based, contextual intervention strategy for increasing word selection proficiency and discourse fluency. Three nine year old boys with diagnosed language-learning disorders participated in three discourse tasks: picture-elicited narratives, story-retelling, and conversation. During treatment, the experimenter identified problematic …
Factors Affecting The Time-Course Of Auditory Stream Segregation., Lawrence Lee Mendoza Iii
Factors Affecting The Time-Course Of Auditory Stream Segregation., Lawrence Lee Mendoza Iii
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Auditory scene analysis refers to the process through which sounds are heard as either belonging to separate sources or as perceptually grouped together and arising from a single source. Stream segregation describes the perceptual separation of sounds, while sequential integration is a term used to describe the linking together of sounds following one another in time. This study examined the minimum duration necessary for the perception of sequentially-presented sounds to change from sequential integration to stream segregation. The experimental stimuli were sequences of alternating sounds. Auditory scene analysis was examined under conditions in which the sequential sounds differed only in …
Interactional Experience With A Voice Output Communication Aid In Augmented Interactions., Sandra Koenig Damico
Interactional Experience With A Voice Output Communication Aid In Augmented Interactions., Sandra Koenig Damico
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The primary purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of a Speaking Partner's experience with a voice output communication aid on the interactional strategies used in Nonspeaking Partner (NSP)/Speaking Partner (SP) dyads. A single-subject experimental design was employed, incorporating four interactional dyads of college-level students majoring in Speech-Language Pathology and school-aged adolescents (2 disabled and 2 able-bodied). Each dyad engaged in an information transfer barrier task, consisting of 10-12 maps with a number of referential conflicts. Interactional transcripts were analyzed for quantitative and qualitative differences in turn taking, message formulation, and nine types of Insertion Sequences. Results indicated …
An Examination Of The Spontaneously Generated And Retold Narratives Produced By Gifted/Learning-Disabled Adolescents From An Integrated Perspective Of Language Development., Phebe Archon Hayes
An Examination Of The Spontaneously Generated And Retold Narratives Produced By Gifted/Learning-Disabled Adolescents From An Integrated Perspective Of Language Development., Phebe Archon Hayes
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Few studies have examined the narrative abilities of gifted children with learning disabilities. This study investigated the ability of eighth-grade gifted children with learning disabilities (gifted/LD) to produce oral and written narratives by comparing their stories to those produced by gifted peers with no learning deficits (nonLD/gifted). It was hypothesized that evidence of difficulty generating the stories relative to the macrostructure (organization of ideas across sentences) and the microstructure (organization of ideas within sentences) would be exhibited by the gifted/LD population. Twenty, 13-year-old eighth-graders served as subjects in the present investigation. All were identified as gifted by their local school …
Perceptual Evaluation Of Infant Articulatory Transitions., Nancye Chaney Roussel
Perceptual Evaluation Of Infant Articulatory Transitions., Nancye Chaney Roussel
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The transition portion of the speech signal has been identified as critical to the perception of both consonants and vowels. Furui (1986) demonstrated that for adult Japanese speakers a 10 ms segment of the transition centered on the area of maximum spectral movement contained the most critical information for joint consonant and vowel perception. The distribution of phonemic cues contained within consonant-vowel (CV) non-reduplicated (NRB) syllables of infants ages 6 months to 15 months was compared to the distribution observed in adult productions to examine the extent of coproductive overlap of infant consonant and vowel gestures. Truncated versions of infant …
Acoustic Topology Of Infant Proto-Syllables., James Robert Piroli
Acoustic Topology Of Infant Proto-Syllables., James Robert Piroli
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A corpus of CV-like proto-syllables was obtained from the archival recordings of three first-born infants, which were made in conjunction with earlier research on the acoustic and interactive aspects of infant language acquisition. Tokens were limited to proto-syllables with perceptual evidence of stop-like or glide-like qualities and an identifiable vowel. Following A/D sampling, measures of developmental change were made including F1/F2 steady states, transition durations, CV durations, maximum F2 velocities, F2 onset, fundamental frequency, shimmer, time-to-peak amplitude velocity, and time-to-peak F2 velocity within the transition. Contrary to expectations, the orderliness of the infant protosyllables was remarkable with few acoustic events …
The Role Of Sonority In Jargonaphasia., Sarah Slack Christman
The Role Of Sonority In Jargonaphasia., Sarah Slack Christman
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The Sonority Sequencing Principle suggests that the relative sonority rank among sounds can explain intrasyllabic and transsyllabic phoneme ordering patterns in normal speakers. The values of segments can be ranked from most to least sonority as follows: Vowels, Glides, Liquids, Nasals and Obstruents. The unmarked order of segments within an initial demisyllable is O-N-L-G from the periphery toward the peak, and G-L-N-O in a final demisyllable from the peak toward the periphery. The sonority "slope" of an initial demisyllable will be steep to maximize the perceptual saliency of syllable onset. In a final demisyllable, especially if embedded, the slope will …
Phonological And Language Improvements In Preschool Children: A Comparison Of Phonological Process Targeting And Whole Language Training., Joann Monjure
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study compared phonological and language changes that occurred in preschool phonologically-impaired children following treatment via a discrete phonological process targeting approach or a whole language approach. It was hypothesized that a treatment program utilizing a communication-based, whole language approach would result in improvements in various language domains (e.g., phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), while treatment targeting a specific aspect of language, that is, phonology, would result in improvements limited to that specific domain. Subjects were eight preschool children, 3-4 years of age, exhibiting multiple articulation errors, and randomly assigned to one of two intervention programs for a six-week …
Constancy Of (Acoustic) Relative Timing Measures In The Fluent Utterances Of Stutterers And Nonstutterers., Phoebe Cooper Weaver
Constancy Of (Acoustic) Relative Timing Measures In The Fluent Utterances Of Stutterers And Nonstutterers., Phoebe Cooper Weaver
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Stuttering and nonstuttering children's articulatory timing abilities as measured by duration differences were compared as rate, stress and phonetic complexity were varied and both internal and external timing sources were used. Use of external timing sources resulted in within normal limit performance by the stutterers as compared to their nonstuttering peers. Significant average intrasubject variability occurred on phonetic complexity tasks involving a variable linguistic sentence and its reiterative counterpart and on a syllable expansion through clustering task. Use of internal timing sources resulted in within normal limit performance by the stutterers on both rate tasks but on only one of …
Evaluation Of Foreign Accent Using Synthetic Speech (Perception)., Deborah Marie Rekart
Evaluation Of Foreign Accent Using Synthetic Speech (Perception)., Deborah Marie Rekart
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A meaningful sentence loaded with appropriate phonemic and syllabic forms was synthesized as a "standard" stimulus, and 60 "accented" versions of the sentence were made to stimulate varying degrees of a moderate and a strong Spanish accent by manipulating the following Spanish cues singly and in combination: (1) fundamental frequency, (2) voice onset time for syllable-initial voiceless stops, (3) Duration of medial stressed vowels, (4) F1, F2 and F3 for full vowels, and (5) F1, F2, and F3 for reduced vowels. Two tapes for each level of accent were prepared on which 30 accented stimulus sentences were each paired with …
A Study Of The Reading And Speaking Fundamental Vocal Frequency Of Aging Black Adults., Charlotte Anne Ducote
A Study Of The Reading And Speaking Fundamental Vocal Frequency Of Aging Black Adults., Charlotte Anne Ducote
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The present study explored the relationships between fundamental frequency means and range extents for black adults in three decade intervals from 50-79 years of age during two speaking tasks. One hundred thirty-three males and 144 females participated in a spontaneous speaking task. Only 28 males and 65 females were able to participate in the reading activity. The results of the reading central tendencies for males suggested that the mean fundamental frequency increases with age for each decade interval (107.14 Hz, 111.00 Hz, and 129.09 Hz, respectively). The males in the 50- and 60-year decades had significantly lower means than the …
Language Behavior Of Preschool-Age Stutterers: A Longitudinal Study., Thomas Ashley Crowe
Language Behavior Of Preschool-Age Stutterers: A Longitudinal Study., Thomas Ashley Crowe
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The relationship between language and speech fluency was explored longitudinally in four preschool age stutterers. Language and fluency measures were performed on the four subjects over five sampling sessions for each subject, for a maximum period of 19 months. Language measures completed at each sampling session included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) (Dunn, 1965); the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (NSST) (Lee, 1969); the Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language (TACL) (Carrow, 1971); the Carrow Elicited Language Inventory (CELI) (Carrow, 1973); and the Developmental Sentence Scoring Techinque (DSS) (Lee, 1974). Mean length of utterance (MLU) (Brown, 1973) were also computed …
Monotic And Dichotic Perception Of (0-500 Msecs) Time-Staggered Cv-Monosyllables., Carl Francis Loovis
Monotic And Dichotic Perception Of (0-500 Msecs) Time-Staggered Cv-Monosyllables., Carl Francis Loovis
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
No abstract provided.
Employment Of The Diagnostic Rhyme Test (Drt) With Normal-Hearing And Sensori-Neural Hearing-Impaired Listeners., Marie Hiern Olroyd
Employment Of The Diagnostic Rhyme Test (Drt) With Normal-Hearing And Sensori-Neural Hearing-Impaired Listeners., Marie Hiern Olroyd
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
No abstract provided.
Phonetic And Temporal Titration Of The Dichotic Right Ear Effect., Joseph Edward Hannah
Phonetic And Temporal Titration Of The Dichotic Right Ear Effect., Joseph Edward Hannah
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
No abstract provided.
The Relationships Between Mental Age, Level Of Language Functioning And Social Acceptability In The Trainable Mentally Retarded., Susan Hofman King
The Relationships Between Mental Age, Level Of Language Functioning And Social Acceptability In The Trainable Mentally Retarded., Susan Hofman King
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
No abstract provided.