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Supplement: The Rate Of Binary Black Hole Mergers Inferred From Advanced Ligo Observations Surrounding Gw150914, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast
Supplement: The Rate Of Binary Black Hole Mergers Inferred From Advanced Ligo Observations Surrounding Gw150914, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast
Faculty Publications
This article provides supplemental information for a Letter reporting the rate of (BBH) coalescences inferred from 16 days of coincident Advanced LIGO observations surrounding the transient (GW) signal GW150914. In that work we reported various rate estimates whose 90% confidence intervals fell in the range 2-600 Gpc-3yr-1. Here we give details on our method and computations, including information about our search pipelines, a derivation of our likelihood function for the analysis, a description of the astrophysical search trigger distribution expected from merging BBHs, details on our computational methods, a description of the effects and our model for calibration uncertainty, and …
On The Optical-X-Ray Correlation From Outburst To Quiescence In Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries: The Representative Cases Of V404 Cyg And Cen X-4, F. Bernardini, D. M. Russell, K. I.I. Kolojonen, L. Stella, R. I. Hynes, S. Corbel
On The Optical-X-Ray Correlation From Outburst To Quiescence In Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries: The Representative Cases Of V404 Cyg And Cen X-4, F. Bernardini, D. M. Russell, K. I.I. Kolojonen, L. Stella, R. I. Hynes, S. Corbel
Faculty Publications
Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) show evidence of a global correlation of debated origin between X-ray and optical luminosity. We study for the first time this correlation in two transient LMXBs, the black hole (BH) V404 Cyg and the neutron star Cen X-4, over six orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity, from outburst to quiescence. After subtracting the contribution from the companion star, the Cen X-4 data can be described by a single powerlaw correlation of the form Lopt ∝ LX0.44, consistent with disk reprocessing. We find a similar correlation slope for V404 Cyg in quiescence (0.46) and a steeper one …
Fermi Gbm Observations Of V404 Cyg During Its 2015 Outburst, P. A. Jenke, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, Jeroen Homan, P. Veres, M. S. Briggs, E. Burns, V. Connaughton, M. H. Finger, M. Hui
Fermi Gbm Observations Of V404 Cyg During Its 2015 Outburst, P. A. Jenke, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, Jeroen Homan, P. Veres, M. S. Briggs, E. Burns, V. Connaughton, M. H. Finger, M. Hui
Faculty Publications
V404 Cygni was discovered in 1989 by the Ginga X-ray satellite during its only previously observed X-ray outburst and soon after confirmed as a black hole binary. On 2015 June 15, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) triggered on a new outburst of V404 Cygni. We present 13 days of GBM observations of this outburst, including Earth occultation flux measurements and spectral and temporal analysis. The Earth occultation fluxes reached 30 Crab with detected emission to 100 keV and determined, via hardness ratios, that the source was in a hard state. At high luminosity, spectral analysis between 8 and 300 keV …
Furiously Fast And Red: Sub-Second Optical Flaring In V404 Cyg During The 2015 Outburst Peak, P. Gandhi, S. P. Littlefair, L. K. Hardy, V. S. Dhillon, T. R. Marsh, A. W. Shaw, D. Altamirano, M. D. Caballero-Garcia, J. Casares, P. Casella, A. J. Castro-Tirado, P. A. Charles, Y. Dallilar, S. Eikenberry, R. P. Fender, R. I. Hynes, C. Knigge, E. Kuulkers, K. Mooley, T. Muñoz-Darias, M. Pahari, F. Rahoui, D. M. Russell, J. V. Hernández Santisteban, T. Shahbaz, D. M. Terndrup, J. Tomsick, D. J. Walton
Furiously Fast And Red: Sub-Second Optical Flaring In V404 Cyg During The 2015 Outburst Peak, P. Gandhi, S. P. Littlefair, L. K. Hardy, V. S. Dhillon, T. R. Marsh, A. W. Shaw, D. Altamirano, M. D. Caballero-Garcia, J. Casares, P. Casella, A. J. Castro-Tirado, P. A. Charles, Y. Dallilar, S. Eikenberry, R. P. Fender, R. I. Hynes, C. Knigge, E. Kuulkers, K. Mooley, T. Muñoz-Darias, M. Pahari, F. Rahoui, D. M. Russell, J. V. Hernández Santisteban, T. Shahbaz, D. M. Terndrup, J. Tomsick, D. J. Walton
Faculty Publications
We present observations of rapid (sub-second) optical flux variability in V404 Cyg during its 2015 June outburst. Simultaneous three-band observations with the ULTRACAM fast imager on four nights show steep power spectra dominated by slow variations on ~100-1000 s time-scales. Near the peak of the outburst on June 26, a dramatic change occurs and additional, persistent sub-second optical flaring appears close in time to giant radio and X-ray flaring. The flares reach peak optical luminosities of ~ few × 1036 erg s-1. Some are unresolved down to a time resolution of 24 ms. Whereas the fast flares are stronger in …
Astrophysical Implications Of The Binary Black Hole Merger Gw150914, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast
Astrophysical Implications Of The Binary Black Hole Merger Gw150914, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast
Faculty Publications
The discovery of the gravitational-wave (GW) source GW150914 with the Advanced LIGO detectors provides the first observational evidence for the existence of binary black hole (BH) systems that inspiral and merge within the age of the universe. Such BH mergers have been predicted in two main types of formation models, involving isolated binaries in galactic fields or dynamical interactions in young and old dense stellar environments. The measured masses robustly demonstrate that relatively "heavy" BHs (≳25 M⊙) can form in nature. This discovery implies relatively weak massive-star winds and thus the formation of GW150914 in an environment with a metallicity …
Upper Limits On The Rates Of Binary Neutron Star And Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers From Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast
Upper Limits On The Rates Of Binary Neutron Star And Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers From Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast
Faculty Publications
We report here the non-detection of gravitational waves from the merger of binary-neutron star systems and neutron star-black hole systems during the first observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitationalwave Observatory (LIGO). In particular, we searched for gravitational-wave signals from binary-neutron star systems with component masses ∈[1, 3] M⊙? and component dimensionless spins <0.05. We also searched for neutron star-black hole systems with the same neutron star parameters, black hole mass ∈[2, 99] M⊙, and no restriction on the black hole spin magnitude. We assess the sensitivity of the two LIGO detectors to these systems and find that they could have detected the merger of binary-neutron star systems with component mass distributions of 1.35 ± 0.13M⊙ at a volume-weighted average distance of ∼70 Mpc, and for neutron star-black hole systems with neutron star masses of 1.4M⊙ and black hole masses of at least 5M⊙, a volume-weighted average distance of at least ∼110 Mpc. From this we constrain with 90% confidence the merger rate to be less than 12,600 Gpc-3 yr-1 for binary-neutron star systems and less than 3600 Gpc-3 yr-1 for neutron star-black hole systems. We discuss the astrophysical implications of these results, which we find to be in conflict with only the most optimistic predictions. However, we find that if no detection of neutron star-binary mergers is made in the next two Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observing runs we would place significant constraints on the merger rates. Finally, assuming a rate of -10+20-7 Gpc-3 yr-1, short gamma-ray bursts beamed toward the Earth, and assuming that all short gamma-ray bursts have binary-neutron star (neutron star-black hole) progenitors, we can use our 90% confidence rate upper limits to constrain the beaming angle of the gamma-ray burst to be greater than -2°.3+1.7-1.1 (-4°.3+3.1-1.9).